New Title 1

by Helen Hollick

  He was there to watch them, as the long, long column of men dispersed upon the hill that by the afternoon would be called Blackhorse Hill, the hill where the baggage wagons were to be left, the supplies minded and the wounded brought. There would be many wounded, most of them beyond helping.

  The men, eager and apprehensive all together, ran their thumbs lightly across axe and sword edge, tested bow strings, set arrows loose in the quivers at their hips. Hoisted spears, tapped shields for soundness. Hauberks, for those fortunates who had chain-mail, were pulled on, fitting like a tunic that reached to knee or calf, split from hem to crotch rear and front, the loose skirting laced, for those cavalrymen who preferred it, to form crude breeches. By ill chance, William’s hauberk twisted to the left as he brought the mail coat down over his head, ending backwards about his body, the sword slit to his right side, the coif to his front. Men saw and the whisper sped quickly from mouth to mouth. Bad luck? An omen!

  William laughed, his head tossed back, a great guffaw of amusement, although inside he was quaking – God’s love, but he must turn this thing quickly, in face and word, else he could lose them! He swivelled the mail to its right side, shouting, ‘See how I turn it from the wrong to the right with such ease? Thus shall I, this day, right Harold’s wrongs and turn my duchy into a kingdom!’

  They heard and the anxious sweep of superstition fled with a yodelling cheer. The Leopards of Normandy, carried by Turstin, were set in the curve of the hill. Duke William, after signing himself with the cross, sent his men down the slope and into position in the valley beneath the high rising ground, where, upon the ridge, the English stood. Waiting.

  21

  Sendlach Hill The English were ranged along the high ridge of Sendlach Hill, a seven-hundred-yard line of men, seven or eight deep. The front rank of more than one thousand men stood in close order, their shields before them, overlapping in place, forming a wall almost as solid as anything that could have been built. In the centre, the area more vulnerable to cavalry attack, were the housecarls – the experienced, élite warriors. On the flanks were the fyrd, protected by the sharp drop of land, forest and marsh to east and west of the ridge. The ridge itself dropped down ahead a full hundred feet in every four hundred yards, before rolling on across a shallow valley towards Telham Hill, more than a mile away. Sendlach was a high, dry watershed for the Brede river and the Asten brook – the sandbottomed water channel that normally meandered sluggishly across the low-lying ground between the rise of low hills. Only the Asten brook had been dammed with logs, soil, brushwood – the carcass of a dead sheep – anything the English could quickly lay hands on. With its outlet blocked, the water had nowhere to flow across the narrow, flat level, could only seep into the lower ground. For most of the summer – and the summer before that – this ground had been waterlogged, a quagmire of boggy marsh. The surface had only dried out these last few wind-blown and sun-drenched weeks; the grass looked safe, green and lush . . . until the first of William’s men, the Bretons, set foot on it.

  It took less than an hour for Duke William to see his men deployed into line. The Bretons were to his left flank, facing what had become bogged, heavy clay ground but a shallower incline; the Franco-Flemish to his right, with firm, dry but perilously steeper ground. In the centre, under William’s two half-brothers, the archers with bows and slings waited. Behind, the ranks of infantry and behind them the cavalry. Morale was high and the weather was holding good; rain would have made the ascent of that fearsome slope impossible. Rain, which had fallen so incessantly this year, would have been a Godsend for Harold on this one day.

  William sat on his fidgeting horse, gazing out over the mass of men, the sun glinting on armour and weapons, on banners and pennants of blue, green, gold, red. From the position of the sun it was near nine ante meridiem; Mass would be beginning in monastery and church, as God’s judgement must begin here. William fingered the relic pouch that hung around his neck, then looked to his trumpeters who stood, eyes fixed on their lord duke.

  He raised his arm. Let it fall.

  ‘Ut! Ut! Ut!’ Sword or spear beating upon shields, feet stamping, the noise slammed down from the ridge as the Norman army started to advance. The cries of Harold’s own battle call of ‘Oli Crosse’ mingling with ‘Godemite!’ reverberating between that continued, fearsome ‘Out! Out! Out!’

  The Normans began to fan out sideways and forwards as they marched, the line stretching longer and thinner, filled with foreboding at the views. One hundred and fifty yards ahead, fifty foot higher, rank upon rank of bellowing, spear-edged, axesharpened death bringers.

  Between the two lines lay green, untrodden grass, dotted with the occasional golden-flowered gorse bush, and pock-marked by the last fading blooms of field speedwell and red campion. To the left, a copse turning autumn russet, the trunks twined about by briars, bearing the last few blackberries. The hedges, all gay with bright berries. A rotting alder tree, tumbled by some past storm, lay aslant halfway up the hill; on one of its skyward-pointing dead branches, oblivious to men and weapons, perched a robin, incongruously piping his territorial song.

  Duke William smiled, complacent, as the first wave of arrows arched into the blue sky like a black, hissing storm cloud. And another, and another. And another. One thousand and more archers, each with a full sheaf of four and twenty arrows. The first phase of his planned attack to wrest the crown of England from Harold Godwinesson: archers, to cause maximum casualties, to maim, to kill. Shooting arrow after arrow until their quivers were emptied – and then, as they marched forward, they would gather the spent arrows sent downwards by the English that had missed their targets, and return them in further waves of destruction . . . only William’s plan went awry from the start, for there was no return of arrows. The English were not using their archers. Whether Harold had thought the southern wind too strong for effective shooting, or his archers had been depleted by the fighting in the North – or whether the Englishman had deliberately planned to reduce the quantity of Norman ammunition, William had no way of knowing. The laconic smile hardened as he watched his archers withdrawing from the field, with nothing more to shoot. So, Harold was using his brain, was to make a proper fight of this. That was agreeable to William.

  They were nearing now, the infantry, having crossed over the quagmire of the brook and scrabbled up the hill. Using high-held shields, they deflected the missiles raining down from above: stones, rocks, sticks, billets, broken axe heads, clods of earth – then spears and javelins. It was to be expected. The defensive line would remove as many opponents as possible before the Norman infantry came close enough for hand-to-hand fighting; the attackers would then attempt to create breaches for the cavalry to exploit, to crash through the barrier of standing men, inflict their lethal destruction and then pursue those who dropped their weapons and ran . . . most battles went that way, the fighting usually all over within the hour.

  The Bretons had found the crossing of the brook hard work; the sodden ground soon became ankle deep in clay. Caked by mud, the men struggled on; once across, they found the hillside a shallow climb and, unlike in the centre, the debris hurtling down on them was not so substantial. Intent on their own path, the Bretons reached the top and came face to face with the shield wall, intact, for the arrow flights had mostly passed harmlessly overhead. And they were alone, had outpaced the line of men to their right.

  Unsupported, uncoordinated, they met with spears and javelins at close range, the men coming behind pushing those in front on to the waiting blades of the English, the dead and dying heaping, one atop the other, before that wall. They tried, they jostled and pushed, swung axes, cursed and spat, but could inflict no damage upon the English. Instead, they were being destroyed with the ease of a man’s palm swatting at flies . . . The centre reached the top of the ridge, found, as had the left wing, an undamaged wall of shields and men with death-tipped blades. The thing was hopeless! The Bretons broke, turned and fled back down the hill.

  Confusio
n and panic spread as fire fanned by a wind. Their flank undefended and exposed, the Norman centre milled in disorder, wavering. The cavalry, coming behind, saw that the Bretons were fleeing and that their own infantry were beginning to turn also, starting to dodge through the excited, almost uncontrollable horses, running back down the hill in fear and terror of those English, standing, the line barely depleted, up on the hill.

  Harold’s orders had been to stand firm. At all cost. Stand. He had ridden along the length of the ridge, talking to the men, reassuring, jesting, praising, swelling the high morale of battle lust. Repeating, again and again, his order. ‘Stand firm. If we stand William cannot break through. Unless he can break our line, he can do no great damage to us. Until I give command, stand firm, my brothers, stand firm!’ Harold knew the Duke’s practised tactics, knew also his own vulnerability of cavalry against infantry. He and the men were tired; they had marched, fought and marched again. Add to that, not all the fyrd were yet here. He had to contain William, hold him back in this peninsula, and to do that, had to let William do all the work. Let him charge up and down to the ridge, let him weary himself on the slope and in the mud at the bottom. The English were going nowhere, were to stand. Firm-footed.

  Harold’s right wing of fyrd men saw the Bretons running, the Norman centre confused, bleating and threshing like sheep frightened by the stench of a wolf. They heard a roar of victory go up from their own centre, saw the attacking Norman line give ground and begin to retreat.

  It was all over! They had won! The Normans were running, were beaten . . . and the fyrd, experienced militiamen but without the hard-ranked discipline of the housecarls, dropped their shields and erupted from the ridge, down the hill, in pursuit of a broken enemy, jeering and shouting.

  Both commanders watched in growing, sickened horror. Two men in their prime, capable and gifted warlords. Two men who claimed the same crown, the same kingdom. Harold, four and forty years of age, six years his opponent’s senior, stood surrounded by his personal guard beneath his two standards, set into the high ground to the left of his centre. William, astride his impressive black stallion, observing from the lower slope of Telham Hill.

  The rules of engagement were changing as the fight unfolded, here on this battlefield, on this day, the fourteenth of October in the year of Our Lord 1066. Rare it was for battle to last more than an hour or two. Never had mobile cavalry gone against a line of static, immovable infantry. Never had William been beaten.

  Without consideration, he clamped his jaw, sat deep into the saddle and spurred his horse from a stand into a gallop. The impatient beast responded with the swiftness and stamina of his breed. He half leapt, half stumbled through the churned quagmire, heading for the turmoil of the Norman cavalry to the left of the centre division. Bellowing and shouting, the Duke turned those riders at the rear, who milled, uncertain.

  ‘Turn back, turn back! Fight, you bastard scum – turn back and fight! Look – they’ve run out, they’re unprotected – ride them down, you whore-poxed fools! Ride them down!’

  As Harold well knew, no man on foot, vulnerable and unprotected, could withstand the flying hooves of a galloping horse and its rider with hefted spear. Too late, those Saxon fyrdmen realised why their king had told them to stand, that they had thought wrong, that it was not all over. The Normans were not broken. By leaving the shield wall, the Saxons had isolated themselves. They tried, desperately, to assemble into a wedged formation in the shelter of the trees on that copsed hillock near the Asten brook. Stood with spears, axe and short-sword pointing outwards, with brave hearts and stout courage, tried to defend themselves against the swamping flood tide of battle-crazed, ironshod horses.

  There was nothing the men of the English fyrd could do, nothing, except die.

  22

  Sendlach Ridge Defeat had nearly overrun William’s army, but by some fortune – by God’s grace or his own swift action – the rout had been avoided. The Breton infantry had fled in disarray, the morale of his centre and right flanks was ebbing as fast as a tide could abandon the island monastery of Mont Saint Michel. Leaving the slaughter of the English right-wing fyrdmen to the Breton cavalry, William recalled his army, a tactical withdrawal to gain a respite, gather the wounded and re-form. He was not beaten; it was not ended. Although he was shaken, he could hardly believe that he had come so close to defeat

  – so uncomfortably close.

  The brow of the ridge was clearing of Normans, leaving the litter of battle in the place of troops: broken weapons, lost helmets; the dead, horse and man. As they walked or limped back down the hill, the men collected what they could from the dead. Shields that were less damaged than their own, a tighter-fitting helmet, better-quality boots. Hauberks – a prize indeed! Used their daggers to put a swift end to maimed, dying animals and the occasional comrade; carried with them their wounded.

  The commanders were vociferously rallying them, Bishop Odo, Eustace de Boulogne, Robert de Mortain and fitz Osbern, working hard to restore heart and vigour, issuing supplies of arrows, new weapons where needed; sending those with wounds to be patched up by the priests; replacing horses. All the while, William sat on his own horse on the Norman side of the Asten brook, assessing that first attack. What had gone wrong? Why he had failed? More important, how best to send in his men a second time? He could not afford another near disaster. Merde, he would never hold these men through a second débâcle like this first had been! He began to reorganise his army into three divisions: infantry, cavalry and re-equipped archers. He marshalled them with encouragement, threats and bribes. Told them they were heroes or whoresons. Proffered rewards of land and gold, or retribution that he himself would see to if they again failed him.

  For Harold, too, the pause, which lasted half of the hour, came as a thankful respite. The fighting had lasted over an hour; there was no need yet for food, but the passing of the water skins along the lines came welcome to dry-throated, breathless men. With the wounded and the dead lifted shoulder over shoulder to the rear, the line closed ranks. Because of the depleted right wing, the shield line was shortened, but the carcasses of dead horses were hauled closer and topped with dead Normans to create an extra barricade. Those who were not dead, beast and men, were dispatched with a dagger to the throat and added to the gruesome wall.

  William made a good general because he used quick, decisive thinking. His first attempt had failed, therefore he must change tactics. This second attack was to be better co-ordinated, the distance between archers and infantry decreased, the cavalry sent in closer. The ranks must arrive together at the ridge of the hill, push forward in a concerted effort, not in a raggle-taggle mess. To do this, and to ensure their courage did not fail, William himself was to lead the advance.

  Nearing the eleventh hour of the morning, the Norman trumpets sounded again and the line began to roll slowly forward. Up on the ridge, the Saxon English straightened to attention, tightened their grip on axe, sword and shield. Gyrth and Leofwine, set to right and left of the centre line of housecarls, exchanged a raised hand of salute to each other. Harold himself let out a yell of encouragement that was taken up from man to man, voice to voice: ‘Oli Crosse – Holy Cross! Out! Out! Out!’ The rhythm of the war beat thundered on their shields. ‘Ut! Ut! Ut!’

  The advance up the hill was slower than before, the quagmire deeper and spreading where the water from the dammed brook was beginning to flood. Gone was the emerald-green grass; the scatter of flowers; the robin. Instead: swathes of blood-puddled mud; the scratched and torn clefts where horses’ hooves had gouged as they plunged or fell; the dead, stripped of mail, boots, helmets. Of dignity.

  The Saxon line shook, but held. The Norman line pressed and pushed, without wavering, but to the other side of the shield wall. Where one man went down, another leapt in, as savagely determined to hold firm. They tried and tried again to break through that damned impenetrable shield wall. Could not do it.

  William drove his black stallion forward with spurs that f
lecked blood on the animal’s lathered flanks. As he rode and fought he bellowed encouragement, goading his men onwards, tongue-lashing the waverers. The stallion was terrified by the noise: the yells, the clash of weapon upon weapon, the cries of the wounded as axe or sword hacked at sinew and gut, the screams of mutilated horses; he was crazed by the anger and the fear, the stench of blood and the raging press of men that battered and jostled his quarters and shoulders. Ears back, eyes rolling white, he trod on the fallen, for those who went down at the front had no chance of getting up. The animal tried to swing round, to escape, but William curbed him, bullying him as hard as he did his men. Fighting his rider, the beautiful animal reared, his hind legs sliding on the slime of gore and gutted entrails. He half toppled, scrabbling with his forelegs to keep his balance, and lurched against the shield wall, his weight, almost half a ton of solid flesh, plunging into the English. But they knew how to deal with any horse or rider who came within range of their long-handled, broad-bladed battleaxes – the terror weapon that could cleave through armour and the man wearing it; could slice off the head of a horse in a single blow.

  The black Andalusian was dead in the instant an axe struck downwards behind his ears, severing the skull from the neck. William screamed, kicking his legs free of the stirrups, tried to roll away from the carcass as it fell, was caught, trapped by the lower leg. He lay for a second – seemingly a lifetime – hands cradled over his head, curled into a ball, as the trampling sway of men and horses pummelled at his back and shoulders. Hell was made here, before this shield line at the place of battle! A shout from a yard or two to the left: the shields were giving ground. The Norman line shifted slightly, all effort concentrating on that one small, weak point – and William found himself, for a very brief flurried moment, almost alone down among the dead. He pulled his leg free, though pain shot up from his ankle, crawled and wriggled through the thinned mêlée of men, his hand stamped on by boots, his head reeling from kicks – was surprised to find himself suddenly out in open ground, down behind the Norman line. He loosened the strap of his war helmet and vomited, the inside of his brain whirling with red, muzzy dizziness. Slowly he lurched to his knees, then stood, his body shaking, screeching from the pain of multiple bruises and what felt most assuredly like a broken rib. His ears were ringing, his vision was blurred. Pain thundered down his leg and his arm, where blood also trickled. His face, the front of his chest and his thighs were splattered also, though how much of the blood was his own he would not know until he removed his armour.