Cities of Empire

by Tristram Hunt

  as ‘the London of the West Indies’

  loyalty to the Empire

  New England trade

  Pineapple Penny

  as a place of exile

  silver

  slave trade

  sugar

  urban culture

  Washington’s visit

  wealth

  Barbados Gazette

  Barbados Mercury

  Barclays Bank

  Baring, Sir Francis

  Barkley (planned city)

  Barnard, Andrew

  Barnard, Lady Anne, née Lindsay

  View of the Gallows, Cape Town

  Barnett, Henrietta

  Barre, Israel

  Barrow, Charlotte

  Barrow, John

  Batavian Republic

  see also Netherlands/the Dutch

  Bath

  Batman, John

  Bayley, Viola

  Bazalgette, Sir Joseph

  Beatles

  Beausejour, Fort

  Beaux Arts school

  Beaver

  Beckford family

  Beckles, Hilary

  Beckles family

  Belcher, Sir Edward

  Bell’s Life

  Bengal

  army

  Asiatick Society of Bengal

  East India Company and the Plassey revolution

  famine

  land ownership

  opium

  partitioning attempt by Curzon

  ‘principle of property’

  reunification

  taxation

  trading castes

  Treaty of Allahabad, and start of British rulership

  Bengal Gazette

  Bengal Harkaru

  Bengali Renaissance

  Benson, A. C.

  Bentham, Jeremy

  Bentinck, Lord William

  Bentley, Thomas

  Beresford, John

  Berkeley Plantation, Virginia

  Berkley, James J.

  Best, Tom

  Bilbao

  Bird, Isabella

  Birdwood, Sir George

  Birkenhead Iron Works

  Birmingham

  Handsworth riots

  Blaauwberg, Battle of

  Black Star Line

  Blackburn, Robin

  Blackman, John

  Blair, Tony

  Blankett, John

  Blaxton, William

  Blue Funnel Line

  Boardman, Samuel

  Boer War, Second

  Bolts, William

  Bombay

  and the American Civil War

  architecture

  Armenians

  Bank of Bombay

  Bhau Daji Lad Museum (Victoria and Albert Museum)

  as a business city

  change of name to Mumbai see also Mumbai

  as ‘City of Gold’

  cosmopolitanism/multiculturalism

  cotton crash (1865)

  cotton trade

  Crawford Market (Mahatma Phule Market)

  as a cultural driver of the Empire

  David Sassoon Mechanics Institute and Library

  diseases

  and the East India Company

  Elphinstone Circle

  ‘European’ modern city

  famine and starvation

  Flora Fountain

  High Court

  Horniman Circle

  and the Industrial Revolution

  inequalities

  Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy Hospital

  Jews

  and Kipling

  land speculation and enterprises

  languages used in

  merchant philanthropists and civic culture

  mortality rate

  Municipal Act (1865)

  Municipal Corporation

  Muslims

  native town

  and the opium trade

  Parsis

  past changes of name

  population growth

  and the Portuguese

  poverty

  public health programme

  and the railways

  Rajabai Clock Tower

  Ramparts Removal Committee

  sanitation

  School of Art

  shopkeeping

  St John the Evangelist Church

  taxes

  and the technological/managerial capacity of British imperialism

  trader settlement

  Victoria Terminus station

  Vihar water project

  and the VOC

  water supply

  wealth

  Bombay Builder

  Bombay Fort

  Bombay House

  Bombay Presidency Association

  Bombay University

  Cowasji Jehangir hall

  Library

  Bonaparte, Napoleon

  Booth, Edwin Carton: Another England

  Borneo

  Boston

  architecture

  and Barbados

  battle between God and Mammon

  and the British royal family coat of arms

  and British taxation

  civil society

  Coercive Acts on

  education

  emergence from Puritan beginnings

  Faneuil Hall

  fisheries

  Freedom Trail

  Grammar School

  House of Representatives

  literary culture

  Massacre

  Museum of Fine Arts

  newspapers

  origins

  Parliamentary Charter

  Pope’s Day

  and the Protestant succession

  and the Puritans/Puritan ethos

  royalism

  ship building

  slave population

  and the Stuarts

  sugar

  Tea-Party

  tea boycott

  traces of British imperial identity

  trade and economy

  urbanization and urban fabric

  West Indies trade

  Boston Caucus

  Boston Historical Society exhibition

  Bougrenet de Latocnaye, Jacques Louis de

  Bourke, Sir Richard

  Bowring, Sir John

  Boylan, Mr

  Boyle, Danny: Slumdog Millionaire

  Boylstone, Nick

  Boyne, Battle of the

  Brabazon, Lord

  Brazil

  sugar

  Bremer, Sir J. G.

  Brewer, James

  Bridgeman, Elijah C.

  Bridgetown

  adoption of English names in

  and Barbadian slaves

  and Barbadian sugar

  Cage

  as Caribbean hub

  Charles Fort

  Cheapside

  civil society

  development of export economy structures

  as Empire’s dominant trading and cultural centre in West Indies

  foundation and building of

  House of Assembly

  infrastructure

  James Fort

  population in the, 1740s

  prostitution and brothels

  theatre

  tourism

  Trafalgar Square and Nelson’s statue

  twenty-first century

  urban culture

  Washington’s visit

  Bristol

  Britannia, Royal Yacht

  ‘Britannic Nationalism’

  British Architect

  British army

  and the Second Boer War

  British Commonwealth see Commonwealth

  British Empire

  Act of Union between England and Scotland

  Ancient Monuments Bill

  Anglo-French wars

  and the Anglo-Saxon ‘crimson thread of kinship’

  Asiatick Society of Bengal as vehicle for British officials

  battle for supremac
y against French and other European empires see also Dutch Empire; French Empire; Spanish Empire

  vs Bourbon France

  Britain’s becoming the Empire in India

  Britain’s industrialization and the slave trade

  British Nationality Act

  British understanding in eighteenth century of America’s place in

  Caribbean as ‘hub’ of see also Barbados; Bridgetown

  ceramics

  Coercive Acts

  Colonial Office

  and the ‘colonization of taste’

  continuing colonial influence

  and cricket

  Crown as connecting hub of

  and the cult of the Home

  Declaratory Act of, 1720 (Dependency of Ireland on Great Britain Act)

  Declaratory Act of, 1766 (American Colonies Act)

  decolonization

  Dominion status within

  and the East India Company see East India Company

  eighteenth-century characteristics

  eighteenth-century wars

  Empire Day

  Empire Marketing Board

  exhibitions

  expansion after loss of Boston

  expansion through Caribbean plantation funds

  expansion during last quarter of nineteenth century

  expansion in territorial extent between, 1860 and, 1909

  expansion with Versailles peace talks

  fall of the Raj and decline of the Empire

  Ferguson’s view of

  First Empire of Thirteen Colonies

  First World War

  Franco-British Peace of Paris

  Great Reform Act (1832)

  and the handing back of Hong Kong to China

  Imperial Economic Committee

  and imperialism see British imperialism

  India Act (1784)

  Indian Councils Act

  Indian trade see Indian trade, and the British Empire

  ‘informal empire’ of free trade

  Ireland’s complex relationship

  Irish Mutiny Act

  Liverpool and the end of the Empire

  Mau Mau Rebellion

  Municipal Corporations Act (1835)

  Navigation Acts

  nostalgia for

  opium trade see opium trade

  oppressive shift in New England

  plantation ‘mercantile-financial complex’

  Poynings’ Law

  Protestant problem with Irish Catholics

  and the Protestant vision see also Protestantism; Puritans

  public debate on legacies and meaning

  Reciprocity of Duties Bill

  Revenue Act (1767) see also Townshend duties

  and the Second Boer War

  Second World War

  Seeley’s view of

  seventeenth-century characteristics

  Sino-British relations see Sino-British relations

  and the slave trade see slave trade/slavery

  Stamp Act see Stamp Act

  Sterling Area

  and sugar see sugar

  taxation see taxation, colonial

  Tea Act see also tea

  trade as an ‘Additional Empire’ (Addison)

  Treaty of Allahabad, and start of British rulership in Bengal

  urbanism as legacy of

  and the wealth of the West Indies

  British imperialism

  and the Anglo-Saxon ‘crimson thread of kinship’

  and architecture see architecture

  battle for colonial supremacy against French and other Europeans see also Dutch Empire; French Empire; Spanish Empire

  ‘Birmingham school’ of state intervention

  Bombay and the technological/managerial capacity of

  ‘Britannic Nationalism’

  and ceremony

  Coercive Acts

  communal endeavour

  despotic trend with Asian dealings

  Durbar imperialism

  ‘Eastern Question’

  and an eighteenth-century vision of Britain

  and free trade

  gunboat diplomacy

  Imperial Act (1876)

  Imperial Economic Committee

  imperial federation ambition (Chamberlain)

  imperial loyalty

  imperial nostalgia

  imposition of ‘order, progress and freedom within the law’

  Ireland’s transformation from problem to partner in

  and missionary work

  negative aspect overview

  ‘ornamentalism’ strategy

  ‘purifying’ imperialism

  and racial bigotry or kinship

  and the Reciprocity of Duties Bill

  as as struggle against Catholicism

  taxation see taxation, colonial

  as transformer of British identity

  British Nationality Act

  Brixton

  Broich, John

  brothels, Bridgetown

  Bruning, Joseph

  Brunswick

  bubonic plague

  Buchan, John

  Buckingham, James Silk

  Buist, George

  Bulwer-Lytton, Edward Robert, 1st Earl of Lytton

  Bulwer-Lytton, Lady Emily

  Burchell, William J.

  Burke, Edmund

  Burma

  Burnaby, Andrew

  Burslem

  Bush, George W.

  Butler, Sir Montagu

  Butterfield, William, St Paul’s Cathedral

  Buxar, Battle of

  Byng, John

  Byron, Robert

  Calcutta

  architecture

  and the Bengali Renaissance

  Black Hole prison

  ‘Black Town’

  British modernization

  churches

  Clive of India’s retaking of

  College of Fort William

  cosmopolitanism/multiculturalism

  decline

  development plan (2011) to become ‘another London’

  and the East India Company

  economy

  Fort William

  Fort William College

  Government House

  grandeur of ‘City of Palaces’

  growth

  High Society

  Hindu College

  Madrassa

  Muslim community

  Ochterlony Monument, now Shaheed Minar

  oriental

  political attrition over

  printing industry

  renamed as Kolkata

  sanitation

  Sanskrit College

  Siraj-ud-Daula’s capture of

  sugar mill industry

  Town Improvement Committee

  transfer of India’s capital from

  Victoria Memorial

  and Wellesley

  ‘White Town’

  Writers’ Building of East India Company

  Calcutta, HMS

  Calcutta Book Society

  Calcutta Gazette

  Calcutta General Advertiser

  Calvinism

  Cambridge, Massachusetts

  Cammell Laird

  Campbell, John

  Campbell, Mr (Boston book-seller)

  Canada

  Canberra

  Cannadine, David

  Canton

  Second Opium War invasion

  Canton Register

  Cape of Good Hope/Cape Colony

  and the British East India Company

  British first capture

  British recapture

  British settlement in

  Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa

  Castle of Good Hope

  character under British management

  and Dundas see Dundas, Henry, 1st Viscount Melville

  and the Dutch

  and the Dutch East India Company see Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC)


  and the French Revolutionary Wars

  Islam

  Khoe-San see Khoe-San (‘Bushmen’/Hottentots)

  and the Royal Navy

  slavery

  temporary return of Cape Colony to the Dutch (1802)

  Cape Town

  architecture

  batteries

  British capture

  Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa

  Castle of Good Hope

  civil society

  colonial branding of modern city, and backlash

  Company Gardens

  cosmopolitanism/multiculturalism

  cultural Anglicization

  domestic gardens

  and Dundas see Dundas, Henry, 1st Viscount Melville

  Eurocentricity

  fresh produce

  Government House

  Groote Kerk

  growth as a staging post

  Islam

  Kaapstad and the Dutch

  Latin School

  mosques

  Old Town House

  port economy

  Slave Lodge

  slaves

  society under the British

  and Somerset

  strategic significance in Empire

  surrender of, 1802 to the British

  theatre

  and Wellesley

  capitalism

  destructive power of

  Hong Kong

  and Protestantism

  and the slave trade see also slave trade/slavery

  Captain, HMS

  Carib Indians

  Caribbean see West Indies and the Caribbean

  Carlisle, James Hay, 1st Earl of

  Carlyle, Thomas

  Carr, Patrick

  Cartagena

  Carter, Charles Rooking

  Carter, Edwin

  Carter, Mary

  Cassels, Richard

  Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount

  Catherine of Braganza

  Catholicism see Roman Catholicism

  ceramics

  Ceylon

  Chadwick, Edwin

  Chamberlain, Joseph

  imperial federation ambition

  Champion, George

  Chandernagore

  Charbourough House, Dorset

  Charlemont House, Dublin

  Charles I

  Charles II

  Charles, Prince of Wales

  Charles Cammell and Co.

  Charlestown

  Charnock, Job

  ‘Charter Cities’

  Chatham, William Pitt the Elder, 1st Earl of

  Chatterjee, Partha

  Chaudhuri, Amit

  Cheese, Michael

  Chinese-British relations see Sino-British relations

  Chinese Christian mission

  Chinese Qing Empire

  Chinsura

  Chintu (Chengdu)

  cholera

  Christian mission, China

  Chuan-pi Convention

  Church of England

  see also Anglican Church

  Churchill, Winston

  Chushan

  civil society

  Bombay’s merchant philanthropists and civic culture

  Boston

  Bridgetown

  Cape Town

  Dublin

  Hong Kong

  and the Irish Protestant Ascendancy

  Clarence, Prince William Henry, Duke of

  Clarke, Gedney Snr

  Clarke, Nancy, later Nancy Collins

  Clarke, William

  Clemenceau, Georges

  Clerk, John James

  Clive, Robert, 1st Baron (Clive of India)