US-China Relations (3rd Ed)
Page 53
taiwansecurity.org (accessed October 24, 2002); “U.S. and China Set New Rights Talks,”
Washington Post, October 24, 2002, http://www.taiwansecurity.org (accessed October 26, 2002).
12. Lu Zhenya, “Jiang Zemin, Bush Agree to Maintain High-Level Strategic Dialogue,”
Zhongguo Xinwen She (Beijing), October 26, 2002 (Internet version).
13. Shirley Kan, U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress, CRS Report RL32496
(Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, June 19, 2012), 2–4.
14. “Bush, Kerry Square Off in 1st Debate,” Japan Today, October 1, 2004, http://www.
japantoday.com/jp/news/313422/all (accessed March 21, 2008; site discontinued).
15. Robert Sutter, “The Taiwan Problem in the Second George W. Bush Administration—
U.S. Officials’ Views and Their Implications for U.S. Policy,” Journal of Contemporary China 15, no. 48 (August 2006): 417–42.
Notes
295
16. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, remarks at Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan, March 19, 2005, http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/43655.htm (accessed March 21, 2008; site discontinued); Evan Medeiros, “Strategic Hedging and the Future of Asia-Pacific Stability,” Washington Quarterly 29, no. 1 (2005–6): 15–28.
17. Rosemary Foot, “Chinese Strategies in a U.S.-Hegemonic Global Order: Accommodating and Hedging,” International Affairs 82, no. 1 (2006): 77–94; Wang Jisi, “China’s Search for Stability with America,” Foreign Affairs 84, no. 5 (September–October 2005): 39–48; Yong Deng and Thomas Moore, “China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great-Power Politics,”
Washington Quarterly 27, no. 3 (Summer 2004): 117–36.
18. Off-the-record interviews with US officials reviewed in Robert Sutter, “Dealing with a Rising China: U.S. Strategy and Policy,” in Making New Partnership: A Rising China and Its Neighbors, ed. Zhang Yunlin (Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2008), 370–74.
19. Among published sources, see U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 2005 Report to Congress (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 2005), 143–90.
20. Remarks of Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick, “Wither China? From Membership to Responsibility,” National Committee for U.S.-China Relations, September 21, 2005, http://www.cfr.org/china/whither-china-membership-responsibility/p8916 (site discontinued).
21. Victor Cha, “Winning Asia: Washington’s Untold Success Story,” Foreign Affairs 86, no. 6 (November–December 2007): 98–133; Daniel Twining, “America’s Grand Design in Asia,” Washington Quarterly 30, no. 3 (2007): 79–94; Robert Sutter, The United States in Asia (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008), 270–76, 281–83.
22. Kerry Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy, CRS Report RL33877 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, May 25, 2007).
23. David M. Lampton, Same Bed, Different Dreams: Managing U.S.-China Relations, 1989–2000 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).
24. Kerry Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations, IB 98018 (Washington, DC, Library of Congress, July 17, 2001).
25. Robert Sutter, U.S. Policy toward China: An Introduction to the Role of Interest Groups (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), 94.
26. Bates Gill, Meeting the Challenges and Opportunities of China’s Rise (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, October 2006), 6–12.
27. As cited in notes below, the following discussion relies on reports on China-U.S. relations done by the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress. Other sources include Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, CQ Weekly, Congressional Quarterly Almanac, and CQ Almanac.
28. Tony Saich, Governance and Politics of China (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), 83.
29. Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations, IB 98018, 5.
30. Kerry Dumbaugh, China and the 105th Congress: Policy Issues and Legislation, 1997–1998, CRS Report RL30220 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, June 8, 1999).
31. Larry Q. Nowels, U.S. International Population Assistance: Issues for Congress, CRS
IB 96026 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, June 15, 2001).
32. “Religion in China: When Opium Can Be Benign,” Economist, February 1, 2007, http://
www.economist.com/node/8625817 (accessed November 9, 2007).
33. Erica Werner, “U.S. Lawmakers Criticize Yahoo Officials,” Washington Post, November 6, 2007, A1.
34. Richard Weitz, “Persistent Barriers to Sino-American Military Dialogue,” Jamestown Foundation China Brief, September 6, 2006, https://jamestown.org/program/persistent-barriers-to-sino-american-military-dialogue (accessed July 29, 2017).
35. Kerry Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations in the 109th Congress, CRS Report RL32804
(Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, December 31, 2006), 20.
296
Notes
36. Shirley Kan, et al., China: Suspected Acquisition of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Data, CRS
Report RL30143 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, 1999).
37. Amy Argetsinger, “Spy Case Dismissed for Misconduct,” Washington Post, January 7, 2005, A-4; Steve Lohr, “State Department Yields on PC’s from China,” New York Times, May 23, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/23/washington/23lenovo.html (accessed November 9, 2007).
38. Wayne Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues, CRS Report RL33536 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, April 23, 2007).
39. Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations in the 109th Congress, 19.
40. Morrison, China-U.S. Trade Issues.
41. Ibid.
42. Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations in the 109th Congress, 4.
43. Ibid., 27.
44. Bonnie Glaser, “Mid-Air Collision Cripples Sino-U.S. Relations,” Comparative Connections (April–June 2001), https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/
media/csis/pubs/0102qus_china.pdf.
45. Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations in the 109th Congress, 8.
46. Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations, IB 98018, 10–11.
47. Peter Grier, “Why Bush Risks China’s Ire to Honor Dalai Lama,” Christian Science Monitor, October 17, 2007, 1.
48. Thomas Friedman, “China: Scapegoat or Sputnik,” New York Times, November 10, 2006, http://select.nytimes.com/2006/11/10/opinion/10friedman.html (accessed November 13, 2006).
49. The analysis in and sources for this section are reviewed in Robert Sutter, “The Democratic-Led 110th Congress: Implications for Asia,” Asia Policy 3 (January 2007): 125–50; and Robert Sutter, “The Democratic Victory in Congress: Implications for Asia,” Brookings Northeast Asian Commentary no. 4, December 2006.
50. “New Study Reveals Most Americans Remain Committed to Steady Internationalism Despite Frustration over Iraq War,” Chicago Council on Global Affairs Media Advisory, October 11, 2006.
51. Robin Toner, “After Many Years, Now It’s His Turn at the Helm,” New York Times, January 8, 2007, A1. Carl Hulse, “Leadership Tries to Restrain Fiefs in New Congress,” New York Times, January 7, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/07/us/politics/07chairmen.html (accessed September 27, 2009).
52. For sources and examples, see Robert Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War, 3rd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012), 1–2.
53. David Shambaugh, “China’s 17th Party Congress: Maintaining Delicate Balances,”
Brookings Northeast Asia Commentary, November 1, 2007, https://www.brookings.edu/
opinions/chinas-17th-party-congress-maintaining-delicate-balances (accessed November 11, 2007).
54. Denny Roy, China’s Foreign Relations (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998).
55. Robe
rt Sutter, Chinese Policy Priorities and Their Implications for the United States (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000), 18. See review of this period in Barry Naughton, The Chinese Economy: Transitions and Growth (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007), and Saich, Governance and Politics of China.
56. Kerry Dumbaugh, China’s 17th Party Congress, October 15–21, 2007, Congressional Research Service Memorandum, October 23, 2007.
57. Maureen Fan, “China’s Party Leadership Declares New Priority: ‘Harmonious Society,’” Washington Post, October 12, 2006, A18.
58. These developments and determinants are reviewed in Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations, 2–3.
59. This dualism and respective Gulliver strategies are discussed in Robert Sutter, “China and U.S. Security and Economic Interests: Opportunities and Challenges,” in US-China-EU
Relations: Managing the New World Order, ed. Robert Ross and Oystein Tunsjo (London: Routledge, 2010).
Notes
297
60. See reviews of Chinese leaders’ priorities following the major party and government meetings in the Jamestown Foundation’s weekly publication China Brief, http://www.
jamestown.org/index.php, and the quarterly publication China Leadership Monitor, http://
www.hoover.org (Publications tab).
61. Testimony on US-China relations before the House Foreign Affairs Committee of Deputy Secretary of State John Negroponte, May 1, 2007, https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/d/2007/
84118.htm (accessed May 5, 2007); Cha, “Winning Asia,” 98–113.
62. See contrasting views of China’s approach to the United States at this time and of various differences in China-US relations in Bates Gill, Rising Star: China’s New Security Diplomacy (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2007); Susan Shirk, China: Fragile Superpower (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007); David M. Lampton, The Three Faces of Chinese Power: Might, Money, and Minds (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008); Michael Swaine, America’s Challenge: Engaging a Rising China in the Twenty-First Century (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment, 2011); Aaron Friedberg, A Contest for Supremacy: China, America, and the Struggle for Mastery in Asia (New York: W. W. Norton, 2011); and Jeffrey Bader, Obama and China’s Rise (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012).
63. Kerry Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy, CRS Report RL33877 (Washington, DC: The Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, February 10, 2009); Susan Lawrence and David MacDonald, U.S.-China Relations: Policy Issues, CRS Report RL41108 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, August 2, 2012).
64. Gill, Rising Star; Avery Goldstein, Rising to the Challenge: China’s Grand Strategy and International Security (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005); Evan Medeiros and R.
Taylor Fravel, “China’s New Diplomacy,” Foreign Affairs 82, no. 6 (November–December 2003): 22–35; People’s Republic of China State Council Information Office, “China’s Peaceful Development Road,” People’s Daily Online, December 22, 2005 (accessed July 7, 2006); Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations, 3–13; Shirk, China; Aaron Friedberg, “The Future of U.S.-
China Relations: Is Conflict Inevitable?” International Security 30, no. 2 (2005): 7–45.
7. BARACK OBAMA, DONALD TRUMP,
AND XI JINPING
1. See contrasting views of China’s approach to the United States and of various differences in China-US relations in Michael Swaine, America’s Challenge: Engaging a Rising China in the Twenty-First Century (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment, 2011); Aaron Friedberg, A Contest for Supremacy: China, America, and the Struggle for Mastery in Asia (New York: W. W. Norton, 2011); and Jeffrey Bader, Obama and China’s Rise (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012).
2. See assessments of prominent Chinese specialists in Nina Hachigian, ed., Debating China: The U.S.-China Relationship in Ten Conversations (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014); and Wu Xinbo, “Chinese Visions of the Future of U.S.-China Relations,” in Tangled Titans: The United States and China, ed. David Shambaugh (Lanham, MD: Rowman
& Littlefield, 2013), 371–88.
3. Christopher Johnson, “Thoughts from the Chairman: Xi Jinping Unveils his Foreign Policy Vision,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, December 8, 2014, https://www.
csis.org/analysis/thoughts-chairman-xi-jinping-unveils-his-foreign-policy-vision; Yun
Sun,
“China’s Peaceful Rise: Peace Through Strength?” PACNET 25 (Honolulu, HI: CSIS Pacific Forum, March 31, 2014); Yong Deng, “China: The Post-Responsible Power,” Washington Quarterly 37, no. 4 (Winter 2015): 117–32.
4. Robert Sutter and Satu Limaye, America’s 2016 Election Debate on Asia Policy and Asian Reactions (Honolulu, HI: East-West Center, 2016).
5. Kerry Dumbaugh, China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy, CRS Report RL33877 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of
298
Notes
Congress, February 10, 2009); Susan Lawrence and David MacDonald, U.S.-China Relations: Policy Issues, CRS Report RL41108 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, August 2, 2012); Dave Majumdar, “America Reveals ‘Great Power’ Plans against Russia and China,” National Interest (blog), February 3, 2016, http://nationalinterest.
org/blog/the-buzz/america-reveals-great-power-plan-against-russia-china-15103.
6. G. John Ikenberry, “The Rise of China, the United States and the Future of the Liberal International Order,” in Shambaugh, ed., Tangled Titans, 53–74; Ashley Tellis and Robert Blackwill, “Revising U.S. Grand Strategy toward China,” Council on Foreign Relations, April 2015, https://www.cfr.org/report/revising-us-grand-strategy-toward-china; Lyle Goldstein, “Is It Time to Meet China Halfway?” National Interest, May 12, 2015, http://nationalinterest.org/
feature/it-time-meet-china-halfway-12863.
7. On the contrasting views, see Aaron Friedberg, Beyond Air-Sea Battle: The Debate over US Military Strategy in Asia (London: IISS/Routledge, 2014); Ashley Tellis and Robert Blackwill, “Revising U.S. Grand Strategy toward China,” Council on Foreign Relations, April 2015; Thomas Christensen, The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power (New York: W. W. Norton, 2016); Lyle Goldstein, Meeting China Halfway (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2015); Michael Swaine, Creating a Stable Asia: An Agenda for a U.S.-China Balance of Power (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment, 2016).
8. Robert Sutter, “Obama’s Cautious and Calibrated Approach to an Assertive China,”
YaleGlobal,
April
19,
2016,
http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/obamas-cautious-and-
calibrated-approach-assertive-china.
9. Sutter and Limaye, America’s 2016 Election Debate, 19–20.
10. Ibid., 21.
11. Bonnie Glaser and Alexandra Viers, “China Prepares for Rocky Relations in 2017,”
Comparative Connections 18, no. 3 (January 2017): 21–22; Bonnie Glaser and Alexandra Viers, “Trump and Xi Break the Ice at Mar-a-Lago,” Comparative Connections 19, no. 1 (May 2017): 21–32.
12. Martin Indyk, Kenneth Lieberthal, and Michael O’Hanlon, Bending History: Barack Obama’s Foreign Policy (Washington, DC: Brookings, 2012), 24–69.
13. Bonnie Glaser and Brittany Billingsley, “Friction and Cooperation Co-exist Uneasily,”
Comparative Connections 13, no. 2 (September 2011): 27–40; Minxin Pei, “China’s Bumpy Ride Ahead,” Diplomat, February 16, 2011, http://thediplomat.com/2011/02/chinas-bumpy-ride-ahead; Robert Sutter, Positive Equilibrium in US-China Relations: Durable or Not? (Baltimore: University of Maryland School of Law, 2010).
14. Elisabeth Bumiller, “US Will Counter Chinese Arms Buildup,” New York Times, January 8, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/world/asia/09military.html; David Sanger,
“Superpower and Upstart: Sometimes It Ends
Well,” New York Times, January 22, 2011, http://
www.nytimes.com/2011/01/23/weekinreview/23sanger.html.
15. Bader, Obama and China’s Rise, 69–129; “Interview [of Hillary Clinton] with Greg Sheridan of the Australian,” US Department of State, November 8, 2010, https://2009-2017.
state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2010/11/150671.htm.
16. Bonnie Glaser and Brittany Billingsley, “Strains Increase and Leadership Transitions,”
Comparative Connections 14, no. 3 (January 2012): 29–40; Mark Manyin et al., Pivot to the Pacific? The Obama Administration’s “Rebalancing” toward Asia, CRS Report 42448 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, March 28, 2012).
17. Kurt Campbell, The Pivot (New York: Twelve-Hachette Book Group, 2016); Robert Sutter, The United States and Asia: Regional Dynamics and Twenty-First Century Relations (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015).
18. Yong Deng, “China: The Post-Responsible Power,” Washington Quarterly 37, no. 4
(Winter 2015): 117–32; Denny Roy, Return of the Dragon: Rising China and Regional Security (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013); Yun Sun, “China’s New Calculations in the South China Sea,” Asia-Pacific Bulletin 267, June 10, 2014.
19. Assessments of US-China relations in this period include Bader, Obama and China’s Rise; Indyk, Lieberthal, and O’Hanlon, Bending History, 24–69; Aaron Friedberg, A Contest for Supremacy; Kenneth Lieberthal and Wang Jisi, Addressing U.S.-China Strategic Distrust (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012); Andrew Nathan and Andrew Scobell, China’s
Notes
299
Search for Security (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012); Roy, Return of the Dragon; Hachigian, ed., Debating China; Goldstein, Meeting China Halfway; Christensen, The China Challenge; Shambaugh, ed., Tangled Titans; Tellis and Blackwill, “Revising U.S. Grand Strategy toward China”; Campbell, The Pivot; Sutter, The United States and Asia.