Red Star over China
Page 62
BN 471
Hsu T’eh-li, 85, 141, 148n, 151, 226, 233–37, 425, 431;
BN 471
Hsu K’o-hsiang Uprising, 162
Hsuan Tsang, 133
Hsuchou, 153
Hsuchow, 315
Hu Chi-lung, 337
Hu Han-min, 159
Hu Pei-teh, 169
Hu Sheh, 148
Hu Shih, Dr., 38, 148, 154
Hu Tsung-nan, General, 112, 377–78
Huahsien, 385
Huai-an, 71, 72
Huan Hsing, 139
Huang Ai, 158
Huang Ching, 41n;
BN 471–72
Huang Hua (Wang Ju-mei), 41n, 263n, 272, 419;
BN 472–73
Huang Kuo-nu, 169
Huangan, 302
Huangpi, 296, 297, 299
Huining, 365
Hunan, CCP in, 157–58, 165;
crafts union in, 155n, library of, 144;
newspapers of, 150;
“peasant massacre” of, 142n;
peasant organization of, 159—62;
peasant unions of, 165;
Red Army’s influence in, 175;
soviets in, 95;
students of, 139–49, 151, 153–54;
general references: 35, 78, 79, 83, 85, 91, 93, 130, 140, 141, 146, 153, 156, 167–68, 176, 180, 186–87, 188, 191, 201, 209, 234, 260, 263–64, 267–69, 277, 285, 336–38, 349
Hunan First Provincial Middle School, 144–45
Hunan First Normal School, 145, 146, 148n, 151
Hunan Peasants’ Union, 162n
Hunan Provincial Committee, 165, 167
Hung Ch’eng Shui, 319
Hung Shan, 160
Hung T’ung, 325, 344
Hupeh province, 115, 148, 157, 161, 168, 186, 191, 202, 209, 293, 295, 298, 301, 302, 306, 414
India, 94, 103, 133, 163, 444
Indochina, 108, 136, 192, 444
Indonesia, 423
Ingram, Dr. Robert, 214
Inner Mongolia, see under Mongolia
Inprecorr, 363
In Search of Wealth and Power: Yen Fu and the West, 420
International Settlement, see under Shanghai
Isaacs, Harold, 420
Italy, 104, 116, 352, 354–55, 360, 377, 384, 399n, 401, 409; see also Mussolini, Benito
Izvestia, 384
Japan, aggression of in China, 45, 47, 48, 107–13, 180, 274, 285–87, 367, 412–14;
anti-Red pacts, 38, 375–77;
China united against, 387–90;
Chou En-lai in, 72–73;
imperialism of, 12, 15, 101–5, 373–74, 376–77, 378, 394, 399, 403–4, 406–8, 410, 443, 445, 448;
Mao Tse-tung’s first contact with, 137–38;
and the Moslems, 309–10, 312–14, 316, 332;
press of, 384;
student protests against, 40–41, 50–51, 111, 116–17, 287, 379;
Tangku Truce with, 361;
general references: 75, 84, 115, 136, 158, 189, 205, 221, 224, 229, 242–45, 250–51, 266, 272, 328, 352, 354, 396–97, 401, 447. See also Tokyo.
Jardine, Matheson & Co., 251
Jehol, 48, 120, 266, 286, 374, 403, 414
Jehol, City of Emperors, 205
Jen Pi-shih, 148n, 203n, 428;
BN 473
Joffe, Adolf, 98, 158n, 423, 424
Jolk (York?), 161
Journalism Society, 151–52
Juichin, 121, 122, 175, 180, 187, 188, 446n
K’ai Feng, Mme., 349
Kamenev, Lev B., 358
Kanchow, 179 K’ang P’ei-ch’en, 152
K’ang Sheng, 116n;
BN 473–74
K’ang Yu-wei, 137–38, 139n, 140, 148, 270
Kansu province, famine in, 100;
industry in, 247–48, 249;
Moslems in, 307;
general references: 41, 45, 51, 55, 80, 84, 114, 181, 209, 216–18, 224, 228, 234, 241, 251, 257, 260, 263, 279, 281, 288, 294, 305, 306, 310, 319, 320–21, 325, 328, 331, 343–44, 347, 348, 365, 377, 379, 382, 414, 446
Kant, Immanuel, 95
Kao Kang (Kao Chung-yu), 157;
BN 474–75
Kao Kuei-tzu, General, 282, 288, 346
Kao Yu-han, 158
Kautsky, Karl J., 73, 155, 271
Ke Lao Hui, see Elder Brother Society
K’e Cheng-shih, 419
Khrushchev, Nikita, 424
Kian, 169, 176–77, 246
Kiang K’ang-hu, 142
Kiangsi province, 53, 76, 83, 84, 107n, 117, 121, 122–23, 147, 161, 167, 168, 169–70, 174–75, 176–77, 178, 180, 186–89, 191, 201, 204, 209, 211, 220, 228, 230, 234, 235, 246–47, 260, 286, 295, 297, 300, 323, 336–38, 345, 351, 361, 362, 363, 404, 446
Kiangsu province, 71, 72, 414
Koran, the, 307–8
Korea, 110, 136, 444
Kowloon, 401
Ku Klux Klan, 152
Ku Shun-chang, 75, 428
Ku Ta-chen, 168;
BN 475
Kuling, 399
Kung, H. H., 385
Kungch’antang, see Communist Party of China (CCP)
Kuo Liang, 148
Kuominchun (“People’s Army”), 122, 210, 259
Kuomintang (KMT), alliance with Russia, 98;
anti-Red campaigns of, 36–39, 162, 165–66, 171, 177–80, 185–89, 194–99, 210, 230, 234, 260, 262, 263–64, 293–94, 298, 299–303, 338, 362–63, 406;
blockade of, 247–48, 298;
break with CCP, 160–62, 164–65, 210, 336, 357–59, 417;
Canton Committee of, 148n;
Central Executive Committee of, 74, 99, 101, 160–61, 230, 383, 393–94;
Central Government of, 102;
Central Political Council, 383;
cliques in, 383–85, 392;
Communists in, 209–10, 229–30;
currency of, 59, 228–29, 399;
desertions from, 84, 165, 173, 178, 199, 206, 210, 259, 287, 297–98, 319, 336–37, 378–79;
during famine, 215–18;
Eighteenth Group Army, 411–12, 415, 416–17;
Eighth Route Army, 411–13, 414, 417;
Eleventh Division, 179;
entente with CCP, 74–76, 97, 158–60, 357–59, 365–67, 382–83, 387–90, 393–95, 396–99, 404–5, 447;
First Army of, 159, 375, 377–78;
First Cavalry Army, 321;
First National Congress of, 159;
foreign advisers to, 179, 187, 384;
foreign aid to, 75, 363, 402, 416–18;
founding of, 229, 357;
Fourth Army of, 79, 115, 297;
Mao Tse-tung joins, 158–59;
and Moslems, 212, 307, 314, 316, 328–30;
Nineteenth Route Army, 361–62;
Ninth Army, 336;
“no-war policy” of, 101, 286, 328, 367, 373–77, 394–95, 399, 406, 408;
power base of, 402–3, 413;
propaganda of, 90–91, 100, 159–60, 188, 298, 300, 308–9, 325, 339, 363, 382, 383–84, 398;
relations of with peasants, 64–65, 101, 160n, 230, 242–44, 287–89, 445;
Route armies defeated, 178–79;
salt monopoly of, 248;
Second Congress of, 160;
seizes Shanghai, 75;
siege of Yenan, 56–57;
Sixth Army, 230;
soldiers of, 123, 165–66;
strategy of, 187;
struggles of with Red Army, 108–9, 166, 169, 174–75, 177–80, 185, 204–5, 277, 282, 298, 319–20, 377–78;
struggle within, 99, 142;
taxation of, 230–31, 243;
Third Army Corps, 302;
Thirteenth Army Corps, 302;
Thirty-eighth Group Army, 417;
Thirty-seventh Group Army, 417;
Twentieth Army, 79;
union with Red Army, 110–11;
war with Japan, 45;
general references: 12, 44, 47, 48, 52, 70, 72, 79, 80, 81, 95, 9
6, 118, 139, 146, 148, 157n, 235, 251, 261, 280, 324n, 334, 352, 373, 387, 444. See also Chronology, 20–30 passim, and Notes, 420–38 passim. See also Nanking government.
Ku-t’ien Conference, 170–71, 425
Kuyuan, 263
Kwangsi province, 76, 159, 169, 180, 187, 191, 405
Kwangtung province, 167–68, 180, 187, 188, 191, 246, 337
Kweichow province, 100, 169, 180, 189, 191–92, 195, 201, 260, 289, 405
Kyoto, University of, 72
Labour Party of England, 94
Lanchow, 232, 247, 328, 375, 382
Lan P’ing, see Chiang Ch’ing (Mme. Mao Tse-tung)
Lao Chun Shan, 301
League for Reconstruction of Hunan, 154
League of Military Youth, 74
League of Nations, 15, 48, 116, 216, 247, 309n
Leaning, John, 420
“Left-Wing” Communism: An Infantile Disorder, 400n
Leith-Ross, Sir Frederick, 101, 116
Lengkai, 192
Lenin, Vladimir I., Lenin Clubs, and Leninism, 36, 97, 181, 220, 236, 249, 266, 280–82, 285, 295, 335, 352–53, 384, 398, 400, 404, 409, 423
Li (an old Red soldier), 343–44
Li Chiang-lin, Commander, 77–81, 82, 321, 333, 335, 436
Li Ching-ch’uan, 432;
BN 475
Li Chou K’ou, 329
Li Chuan, 179
Li Fu-ch’un, 73, 148n, 157n, 343;
BN 476
Li Han-chun, 157
Li Hsien-nien, 202, 336n, 434, 435;
BN 476–77
Li Hsueh-feng, 212n;
BN 477
Lijen, Dr., 345
Li K’e-nung, 69, 326, 349–50, 368;
BN 477
Li Ling, 160, 165
Li Li-san, 73, 146, 157, 167n, 174, 175–77, 424, 425, 426–28;
BN 477–79
Li Lung-kuei, 212
Li Shao-tsu, 169, 173
Li Shih-tseng, 74, 151
Li Sun, 157
Li Ta, 157;
BN 479
Li Ta-chao, 73, 151, 154, 156;
BN 479
Li T’ai-po, 145n
Li Teh (Otto Braun), 90, 91, 349, 352, 361–63, 426, 428–29, 430, 436, 437;
BN 479–80
Li Tsung-jen, General, 112, 373;
BN 480
Li Tsung-yi, 319
Li Wang Pao, 330
Li Wei-han, see Lo Man
Li Wen-lung, 169, 173
Li Yuan, General, 306
Li Yuan-hung, 140–41
Liang Ch’i-ch’ao, 72, 137, 139n, 140, 148, 270–71
Liang Kuan-yin, General, 302
Liao Ch’eng-yun, see Ch’en Yun
Life, 16
Lihsiang, 300
Likiang, 197
Lin Po-chu, see Lin Tsu-han
Lin Piao, 37, 74, 93, 96, 114–17, 119, 148, 167n, 173, 195, 197, 203, 212, 336, 369, 425, 434, 449;
BN 480–81
Lin Tsu-han, 119, 155n, 157, 158n, 160, 201, 229–32, 262, 425
Lincoln, Abraham, 138
Lindsay, A.D., 415
Lindsay, Michael, 415–16
Ling Ch’i-ch’ao, 145
Lintung, 211, 379, 380
Liu Chih-tan, 209–13, 288, 432–33
Liu Ch’un-hsien (Mme. Po Ku), 251–52, 349
Liu En-k’ang, 170
Liu Hsiang, 194–95
Liu Hsiao, 189, 284–86, 309n, 330;
BN 481–82
Liu Jen-ching, 157
Liu Lung-huo, 58–59
Liu Po-ch’eng, Commander, 195, 425;
BN 482
Liu Shan, 135
Liu Shao-ch’i, 148n, 159n, 165n, 419, 426, 428;
BN 482–84
Liu Shao-ch’i, Mme., see Wang Kuang-mei
Liu Teh-ch’ao, 177
Liu Ting Chiao Bridge, 197–99, 206
Liu Wen-hui, General, 194, 196
Liu Yang, 165
Liukochiao Incident, 407, 410
Living China, 12, 245n
Lo An, 179
Lo Chia-lun, 151
Lo Chou-ying, General, 351
Lo Chung-lun, 157
Lo Fu (Chang Wen-t’ien), 97, 119, 349, 368, 426–31 passim, 449;
BN 484–85
Lo Jui-ch’ing, 117n;
BN 485
Lo Jung-huan, 166;
BN 485
Lo Man (Li Wei-han), 116, 147, 148n, 157, 428, 449
Lo P’ing-hui, 173;
BN 485
Lo P’ing-hui, Mme., 351
Lo Yi-ming, 75
Lochuan, 41, 55–56, 368
Logic, 144
Lololand, 194–96, 197, 260
Lolo tribe, 194–96, 397
Lominadze, Besso, 424, 426–28
Long March, across the mountains, 200;
crossing of Tatu River, 194–99;
losses in, 432–34;
P’eng Teh-huai on, 264;
preparations for, 180—81;
start of, 188–90;
strategy of, 190–93, 205–6;
through the Grasslands, 203–4;
Young Vanguards on, 322–26;
general references: 36, 37, 76, 80, 90, 91, 94, 96, 122, 123, 147, 169, 179, 230, 233, 251, 260, 279, 286, 288, 289, 339, 351, 362–63, 430–31, 434
Loyang, 375, 376–77
Lu Chiang-lung, 146
Lu Hsing-pang, 202
Lu Hsun, 245n, 352
Lu Hsun Memorial Library, 397
Lu Ting-yi, 350, 368, 437;
BN 485–86
Lu Ti-p’ing, 177, 270
Lu Tsung-wai, 159
Lung Hsi, 319
Lung Yen, 170
Lung Yun, 192
Lunghai, 41, 42
Lunghua, 74
Ma Cheng, 302
Ma Chun, 148n
Ma Chung-ying, 307n
Ma Hai-teh (Dr. George Hatem), 377n, 420, 435;
BN 486
Ma Hung-kuei, General, 261, 294–95, 305, 312–13, 319, 321, 329–31
Ma Hung-ping, General, 212, 305, 308–11, 312, 331
Ma Keh-chin, 305
Ma Pu-ch’ing, 305
Ma Pu-fang, 305, 315
MacDonald, Ramsay, 48, 94
Malaya, 108
Malraux, Andre, 420
Manchu Dynasty, 72, 78, 135, 137n, 139, 140–42, 144, 194, 216, 229, 233, 306, 307n, 333
Manchukuo, 64, 104, 120, 377
Manchuria, 12, 15, 43, 47–51 passim, 72, 101–2, 104, 110, 113, 120–21, 151n, 176, 180, 266, 286–87, 373–74, 377, 403, 411, 412, 428, 430
Manchurian Army, see Tungpei Army
Man’s Fate (La Condition Humaine), 420
Mantzu tribe, 203–4
Mao An-ch’ing, 425;
BN 486
Mao An-ying, 425;
BN 486
Mao Jen-sheng (Mao Shun-sheng), 130–36
Mao Tse-hung, 175
Mao Tse-min, 159n, 175, 248, 338;
BN 486
Mao Tse-t’an, 175;
BN 486–87
Mao Tse-tung, on agrarian reform, 445;
on aims of Chinese. communism, 443–45, 447;
on alliances with democratic capitalist powers, 104–5;
BN 487–92;
captured by KMT, 165–66;
character of, 92–96;
early career of, 90–91, 130–37;
early influences on, 150–55;
on education, 446;
on entente with KMT, 365–67;
at founding of CCP, 157–58;
on growth of Red Army, 172–81;
historical judgment vindicated, 410–11;
on imperialism, 102–5, 107;
influence of, 92–93, 95;
joins KMT, 159–61;
on Long March, 197, 200–6;
on Nazi-Soviet pact, 447–49;
organizes peasants, 159–62, 165, 166–71, 175;
schooling in Changsha, 139–49;
o
n war with Japan, 107–13;
on world socialism, 387, 405;
general references: 12–13, 16–18, 37, 39, 46, 58–59, 66, 67, 71, 72n, 73, 76, 77–78, 89, 115, 119, 125, 186, 212, 220n, 225, 233, 247, 248, 257, 265, 267, 270, 272, 274, 298, 300, 326, 338, 359, 361, 368, 369, 398, 401, 404, 407. See also Chronology, 20–30 passim, and Notes, 420–38 passim.
Mao Tse-tung and I Were Beggars, 422
Maoerhkai, 202
Maoping Conferences, 167–68, 172
Marriage Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic, The, 225n
Marx, Karl, and Marxism, 35, 36, 94–95, 124, 154n, 155, 156–57, 181, 219–20, 234, 270–71, 280, 284–85, 313, 323, 335–36, 352–54, 358–59, 398, 399n
May Fourth Movement, 73, 153
May 30th Incident (1925), 159
Mencius, 153
Meng Ch’ing-shu (Mme. Wang Ming), 428
Mexico, 93
Miao tribe, 195, 260, 397
Mif, Pavel, 424, 427–28;
BN 492–93
Mill, John Stuart, 144
Min Shan, 206
Min-li-pao, see People’s Strength
Min-t’uan (“people’s corps”), 64–65, 67, 165–66, 173, 210, 218, 222, 275, 288–89, 294–95, 297, 346, 414
Mohammedans, see Moslems
Mongolia, 55, 209, 214, 272, 306, 397, 411;
Inner Mongolia, 41, 110, 160, 294, 374, 406, 414, 435;
Outer Mongolia, 109, 110n, 176, 261, 310, 396, 428, 443–44
Mongols, 89, 248, 307, 310, 396–97, 435
Montesquieu, Baron de, 138, 144
Moscow, Chinese students in, 167n, 251, 259, 336, 349–50;
Chou En-lai in, 74;
general references: 36, 38, 45, 98, 122, 158, 168, 176, 205, 357, 359, 363, 384. See also U.S.S.R. and Communist Party of Russia
Moscow Daily News, 424
Moslems, in KMT army, 212;
in Northwest, 305–11, 312–16, 328–32;
general references: 110n, 204, 260, 263, 265, 272, 280, 294, 343, 397, 434, 435, 444
Moukung, 200, 202
Mukden, 48, 72, 250
Mussolini, Benito, 15, 48, 94, 377
Nan Hsiang, 179
Nanchang, 174–75, 176, 263, 298;
Uprising in, 76, 78, 79, 115, 164, 168, 336, 425, 426
Nankai, 76
Nankai Middle School, 72
Nankai University, 72–73, 74
Nanking, 47–48, 70, 71, 75, 115, 146, 152, 153, 264, 298, 357, 359, 385, 391–92, 399
Nanking government, 36, 37, 38, 42, 49, 50, 80, 84, 89, 90, 97, 99–100, 101–3, 108, 124–25, 142, 151, 152, 157, 159, 162, 163, 166, 177–78, 179n, 185–89, 191–93, 196, 201, 204–6, 209, 215–18, 228–30, 248, 260–63, 286, 293–94, 305, 321, 329, 330, 348, 354–55, 361, 365–68, 373–75, 377–80, 382, 383–84, 386, 388–89, 394–97, 402, 406–8
Napoleon, 15, 138, 205
Nationalist Army, see Kuomintang
Nationalist Expedition, 115
Nationalist Government, see Kuomintang and Nanking government
Nationalist Party, see Kuomintang
Nationalist Revolution, 53, 90, 99, 230, 234, 270, 297, 445