Lenin: A Biography
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Bronski, Mieczyslav G., 1
Brusilov, General Alexei, 1
Brussels: Second Party Congress in, 1
Büchner, Georg: Woyzeck, 1
Buckle, Henry, 1
Bukharin, Nikolai: reading, 1; co-founds Marxist journal, 2; on proposed socialist government,3; on world economy, 4; L defeats over separate 1918 peace, 5; at 7th Party Congress, 6; criticises Lenin’s economic caution, 7; warns L of personal dangers, 8; edits Pravda, 9; at First Comintern Congress, 10; criticises L for insufficient radicalism, 11; complains of Cheka conduct, 12; plays skittles with L, 13; in trade union discussion, 14; supports German Communist Party, 15; health problems, 16; promises tolerant treatment of Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks, 17; and L’s suicide threat, 18; L proposes excluding from Central Committee, 19; supports private foreign trade, 20; L abuses, 21; supports L on constitution question, 22; concern over L’s physical deterioration, 23; L’s relations with, 24; allows L to dictate to secretaries, 1; L considers as successor, 25; and L’s political testament, 26; predicts colonial trouble, 27; rebuffs Trotski’s Left Opposition, 28; visits sick L at Gorki, 29; present at L’s death and funeral, 30; memorialises L, 31; loses in opposition to Stalin, 32; The ABC of Communism, 32
Bulgakov, Sergei, 1
Bund (Jewish): and Second Party Congress, 1, 2; and suppression of Constituent Assembly, 3
Bureau of Committees of the Majority, 1
Burënin, Nikolai, 1
capitalism: in Russia, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; L’s hostility to, 8, 9, 10, 11; L believes in collapse of, 12, 13, 14, 15; and imperialism, 16; Sovnarkom’s restrictions on, 17; L advocates bypassing, 18; and NEP, 19
Capri, 1, 2
Carlyle, Thomas, 1
Carr, Edward Hallett, 1
Catherine II (the Great), Empress of Russia, 1, 2, 3
Caucasus: peasant uprisings in, 1; see also Transcaucasian Soviet Federation censorship: L decrees, 2, 3
Chaikovski, Pëtr Ilich, 1
Chaliapin, Fëdor see Shalyapin, Fëdor
Chebanov, I.V., 1
Cheka (Extraordinary Commission): L creates, 1, 2, 3; founded, 4; repressions, 5, 6, 7, 8; in Mirbach crisis, 9; in Civil War, 10, 11; conduct, 12, 13; redesignated Main Political Administration (GPU), 14, 15; on alert following L’s death, 16
Chekhov, Anton, 1; ‘Ward No.6’, 2
Chernomazov, Miron, 1
Chernov, Osip, 1
Chernov, Viktor: founds Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries, 1, 2; in Paris, 3; self-questioning, 4 L criticises, 5; as Agriculture Minister in Provisional Government, 6; resigns from government, 7; barracked by Bolsheviks, 8; and closing of Constituent Assembly, 9
Chernyshevski, Nikolai: influence on L, 1, 2, 3; exile, 4; L writes to, 5; in St Petersburg, 6; L’s devotion to, 7, 8; work ethic, 9; What Is to be Done?, 10, 11, 12, 13
Chetvergova, Maria P., 1
Chicherin, Georgi, 1, 2
Chigorin, Mikhail I., 1
China, People’s Republic of, 1
Chkheidze, Nikolai, 1, 2, 3
Churchill, Sir Winston S., 1
Civil Code, 1
Civil War: L’s view of, 1, 2; breaks out, 3, 4; L’s part in, 5, 6; conduct of, 7, 8, 9, 10; Red Army’s victory in, 11, 12, 13
Clausewitz, Karl von, 1; On War, 2
Cobden, Richard, 1
Cohen, Stephen, 1
collective farms, 1
Comintern (Third International): formed, 1, 2, 3; builds communist parties in Europe, 4; L warns of provoking anti-communist crusade, 5; Russian dominance in, 6 Congresses: First (1919), 7, 8; Second (1920), 9, 10, 11; Third (1921), 12, 13; Fourth (1922), 14
Committee of the Foreign Organisation, 1, 2
committees of the village poor see kombedy
Communism: world appeal, 1; Marx on, 2; parties non-existent outside Russia, 3
Communist International see Comintern Communist Manifesto, The: L begins to translate, 1
Comte, Auguste, 1
Constituent Assembly: November 1917 elections, 1, 2, 3, 4; dissolved, 5, 6, 7 Cossacks: oppose Bolshevik government, 8
Council of Labour and Defence, 1
Counter-Espionage Bureau, 1, 2
Crimean War (1854–6), 1 Cuba, 2
Czech Legion, 1, 2
Czechoslovakia, 1, 2
Dal, Vladimir: Russian Dictionary, 1
Dan, Fëdor, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Danielson, Nikolai, 1
Danilin (Alakaevka peasant), 1
Darkevich, Professor Liveri, 1, 2, 3
Darwin, Charles, 1, 2, 3
Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia, 1
Decree on the Eight-Hour Day, 1
Decree on Land, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Decree on Peace, 1, 2, 3, 4
Decree on Popular Education, 1
Decree on the Press, 1, 2
Decree on Workers’ Control, 1, 2
Deich, Lev, 1
Delo Naroda (newspaper), 1
Democratic Centralists, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Democratic Conference (Sept. 1917), 1
Denikin, General Anton, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Diamand, Herman, 1
dictatorship: and L’s socialism, 1
dictatorship of the proletariat: L incorporates in Party Programme, 1, 2; L expounds, 3, 4, 5
Dietz, J.H.W. (Stuttgart publisher), 1, 2
Dobrolyubov, Nikolai, 1
Dobrovolski, General V.M., 1
Dolgov, Nikolai, 1
Donbass coalmines, 1
Dostoevski, Fëdor, 1, 2, 3, 4; The Devils, 5
Drabkina, Yelizaveta, 1
Dreyfus, Alfred, 1
Ducos de la Haille, Georges, 1
Duma: convoked, 1; elections to and composition, 2, 3, 4; Bolsheviks in, 5, 6, 7, 8; members visit L in Kraków, 9; prorogued (1917), 10
Dunaev, Yevlampi A., 1
Dybenko, Pavel, 1
Dzierżyński, Felix: joins Bolshevik Party, 1; heads Extraordinary Commission, 2; smoking, 3; searches for L’s would-be assassins, 4; arrests Left Socialist-Revolutionary Central Committee, 5; hunts L’s robbers, 6; Bukharin liaises with, 7; and L’s repressive orders, 8; L proposes removing from Central Committee, 9; investigates Georgian situation, 10, 11, 12; and L’s political testament, 13; at L’s funeral, 14
Eberlein, Hugo, 1
‘Economists’ (Marxist faction), 1, 2
Elwood, Ralph Carter, 1
Emancipation Edict (1861), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Emancipation of Labour Group, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Encyclopaedic Dictionary (Brockhaus-Efron), 1
Engelgardt, M., 1
Engels, Friedrich: L’s interpretation of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; L reads, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13; appeal to Russian revolutionaries, 14; attitude to peasants, 15; Plekhanov’s reading of, 16; death, 17,18; Kautsky defends, 19; L cites, 20; influenced by Enlightenment, 21; L promoted as successor to, 22; Anti-Diihring, 23, 24; The Condition of the Working Class in England, 25
Enlightenment (18th-century), 1, 2
Essen, Maria, 1
Essen, Yekaterina von (née Grosschopf), 1
Estonia: established as Soviet republic, 1
Eurocommunists, 1
Europe: L’s commitment to spread of socialism in, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14; L launches 1920 ‘revolutionary war’ in, 15
Extraordinary Commission see Cheka
famines: Volga region: (1891–2), 1, 2; (1921), 3
fascism, 1
February revolution (1917), 1, 2, 3
Fedoseev, Nikolai, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas, 1
Figes, Orlando, 1
Finland: as Russian possession, 1, 2; L flees to, 3, 4; L in (1906–7), 5; L stays in on 1917 return to Russia, 6; nationalism in, 7, 8; L holidays in (December 1917), 9
Fitzpatrick, Sheila, 1
Flaxerman, Galina, 1
Fofanova, Margarita Vasilevna, 1, 2, 3, 4
Food Dictatorship, 1
Foreign Bureau (of C
entral Committee), 1, 2
Foreign League of Russian Revolutionary Social-Democracy, 1
Foreign Organisational Commission, 1
foreign trade: state monopoly on, 1, 2, 3
Förster, Professor O., 1, 2, 3
Fotieva, Lidia A., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
France: in First World War, 1; revolutionary socialists in, 2; ends economic blockade of USSR, 3; see also Longjumeau; Paris
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, 1
Franz Josef, Austro-Hungarian Emperor, 1
Freud, Sigmund, 1
Galperin, L., 1
Gapon, Father Georgi, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Generalov, V.D., 1
Geneva: L lives in, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Genoa: international conference (1922), 1, 2, 3
Georgia, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
German Communist Party, 1, 2, 3
German Social-Democratic Party, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Germany: L admires, 1, 2, 3, 4; declares war on Russia (1914), 5; seens as imperialist aggressor, 6; war economy, 7; allows L to return to Russia after revolution, 8; subsidises Bolshevik Party, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13; campaigns for separate peace with Russia (Brest-Litovsk), 14, 15, 16, 17; military advance on Eastern Front, 18, 19; L urges commercial deals with, 20; and assassination of Ambassador von Mirbach, 21; L appeals to in Civil War, 22; L promotes socialism in, 23; in L’s plans for European socialist union, 24; L seeks concession agreements with, 25, 26, 27; Soviet commercial and diplomatic treaty with (1922), 28
Gete, Professor Fëdor, 1, 2
Geyer, Dietrich, 1
Gil, Stepan, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Glyasser, Maria, 1, 2
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1
Gogol, Nikolai, 1, 2, 3, 4
Goldenberg, I.P., 1
Golubeva, Maria, 1
Goncharov, Ivan, 1, 2; Oblomov, 3
Gorbachëv, Mikhail, 1, 2, 3
Gorbunov, Nikolai, 1, 2
Gorki, Maxim: and L’s admiration for Jews, 1; L writes to, 2, 3, 4; invites Bogdanov and L to Capri, 5; criticises L’s vainglory, 6; on L in Civil War, 7; and L’s views on popular culture, 8
Gorki (village), near Moscow, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Gots, Abram, 1
Govorukhin, Orest, 1
GPU see Main Political Administration grain trade: state requisitioning of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; tax-in-kind on, 8; private trade under NEP, 9, 10
Great Terror, 1, 2
Great War (1914–18) see World War I
Greulich, Herman, 1
Grimm, Robert, 1, 2
Grosschopf, Anna (née Estedt), 1
Grosschopf, Johann, 1
Guchkov, Alexander, 1, 2, 3
Gusev, Sergei, 1
Haase, Hugo, 1
Haimson, Leopold, 1
Halila sanatorium, Uusikirkko (Finland), 1
Hanecki, Jakub, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Harding, Neil, 1
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1, 2, 3, 4;
History of Philosophy, 1
Helphand-Parvus, Alexander, 1, 2, 3
Helsinki (Helsingfors), 1, 2; see also Finland
Heraclitus, 1
Herzen, Alexander, 1
Hilferding, Rudolf, 1
Hitler, Adolf, 1, 2
Hobson, John Atkinson, 1
Hungary: and L’s launch of ‘revolutionary war’, 1; see also Kun, Béla
Imperial Kazan University, 1, 2
imperialism: L writes on, 1; and First World War, 2; and colonial troubles, 3
Institute of the Brain, 1
intelligentsia: guiding role for workers, 1, 2; repression of, 3
International, Second (Socialist): narodniki support, 1; 1907 Congress (Stuttgart), 2, 3; internationalist principles, 4
International Socialist Bureau, 1, 2, 3
International Socialist Commission, 1
International, Third see Comintern
Iskra (newspaper): L founds and produces, 1, 2, 3; and L’s What Is to Be Done?, 4; prints draft Party Programme, 5; moves to London, 6; moves to Geneva, 7; Trotski proposed for editorial board, 8; and Second Party Congress, 9, 10; L proposes reducing editorial board, 11; approves of terrorism, 12; L attacks reformed editorial board, 13
Italy, 1, 2
Ivan IV (the Terrible), Tsar, 1
Ivanovo-Vosnesensk, 1
Izvestia (newspaper), 1
Jalava, Hugo, 1, 2
Janson, Wilhelm, 1
Japan: war with Russia (1904–5), 1, 2; L demands support for, 3, 4; Piłsudski supports, 5
Jews: in Russian Empire, 1, 2; L’s attitude to, 3, 4, 5; participation in socialism, 6; Russian pogroms against, 7; and independent Soviet republics, 8; in Ukraine, 9; see also Bund
Jogiches, Leo, 1, 2
Kadets see Party of Constitutional Democrats
Kadyan, Dr Alexander, 1
Kaganovich, Lazar, 1
Kahn, Alfred, 1
Kalashnikov, Vasili, 1
Kalmykova, Alexandra, 1, 2, 3
Kalske, Emil, 1
Kamenev, Lev: passion for cinema, 1; arrested in war, 2; meets L on 1917 return to Russia, 3; supports Provisional Government, 4; incredulity at L’s extreme proposals, 5, 6, 7; works in Petrograd Soviet, 8; arrested and imprisoned by Provisional Government, 9, 10; L writes to on publishing The State and the Revolution, 11; released, 12; opposes L’s plan for October Revolution, 13, 14; rejoins Central Committee, 15; and demand for socialist coalition, 16; resigns from Central Committee, 17; warns of political catastrophe, 18; disbelieves European socialist revolution, 19; and Brest-Litovsk agreement, 20; in Moscow, 21; in administration of Moscow, 22; complains of Cheka conduct, 23; and establishment of Ukrainian Soviet Republic, 24; negotiates trade agreement in London, 25; approves introduction of NEP, 26; heart trouble, 27; pleads for formal justice, 28; L proposes demoting in Central Committee, 29; supports L on constitution question, 30; concern over L’s deteriorating condition, 31; L writes to on delegation of Sovnarkom functions, 32; L’s relations with, 33; allows L to dictate to secretaries, 34; told of Stalin’s abuse of Krupskaya, 35, 36; L considers as successor, 37; supports Stalin at 12th Party Congress, 38; rebuffs Trotski’s Left Opposition, 39; visits sick L at Gorki, 40; at L’s funeral, 41; memorialises L, 42; loses in opposition to Stalin, 43
Kammerer, Luisa & Titus, 1
Kamo (pseud., i.e. Semyon A. Ter-Petrosian), 1
Karamzin, Nikolai, 1
Karpinski, Vladimir, 1, 2
Kashkadamova, Vera, 1
Kautsky, Karl: influence on L, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; L cites, 6; financial responsibilities, 7, 8, 9; and Party factional disputes, 10; supports German Party’s vote on war credits, 11; disbelieves workers’ revolution, 12; and plans for socialist government, 13, 14; L refutes, 15, 16, 17; invited to Swiss internationalist socialist conferences, 18; L insults, 19; in L’s The State and Revolution, 20; criticises L’s interpretation of Marx, 21; L denounces for not challenging German capitalism, 22; The Agrarian Question, 23
Kazan, 1, 2, 3, 14; see also Imperial Kazan University
Kedrov, Mikhail, 1
Keep, John, 1
Kerenski, Alexander: on political techniques, 1; father teaches L, 2; L posits possible alliance with Milyukov, 3; and February 1917 revolution, 4; self-confidence, 5; reputation and publicity, 6; maintains commitment to conduct of war, 7, 8; and failure of Russian military offensive, 9; appointed prime minister, 10, 11; L accuses of despotism, 12; differences with Kornilov, 13; forms Directory, 14; and L’s proposals for insurrection, 15; mounts army patrols, 16; Trotski announces overthrow of, 17; possible abandonment by Mensheviks, 18; escapes, 19; armed opposition to Bolsheviks, 20; film appearances, 21
Kerenski, Fëdor, 1, 2
Keskuela, Alexander, 1
Keynes, John Maynard, 1
Khalturin, Stepan, 1, 2, 3
Khardin, Andrei, 1, 2
Khrushchëv, Nikita S., 1, 2
Kiental: internationalist socialist conference (1916), 1, 2
Klasson, Robert, 1, 2, 3
Klemperer, Georg, 1, 2, 3, 4
Kobachidze (Georgian official), 1
Kocher, Theodor, 1
Kokushkino (estate), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Kolchak, Admiral Alexander, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Kollontai, Alexandra: in Oslo in First World War, 1; and February 1917 revolution, 2; and L’s 1917 arrival in Petrograd, 3, 4; supports nervous L in speechmaking, 5; arrested and imprisoned, 6; and Dybenko’s arrest, 7; leads Workers’ Opposition, 8; L concedes to demands, 9; takes trip down Volga, 10; on L and Inessa Armand, 11; disputes with Inessa, 12; The Love of Worker Bees, 13
kombedy (committees of village poor), 1, 2, 3
Komuch (Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Komykova, Alexandra (bookseller), 1
Kornilov, General Lavr, 1, 2, 3, 4
Korobko (St Petersburg Marxist), 1
Koshelnikov, Yakov, 1
Kozhevnikov, Dr A.M., 1, 2
Kraków (Poland), 1, 2
Kramer, Professor Vasili, 1, 2
Krasin, Leonid, 1, 2, 3, 4
Krasnov, General Pëtr N., 1
Krasnoyarsk, 1
Kremer, Alexander, 1
Kremlëv, Rector N.A., 1
Kremlin, Moscow: L moves into, 1; L revisits during final illness, 1
Krestinskaya, Vera, 1
Krestinski, Nikolai, 1, 2, 3
Kronstadt: sailors’ hostility to Provisional Government, 1; naval mutiny in, 2, 3
Krumbyugel, L. (St Petersburg publishers), 1
Krupskaya, Nadezhda Konstantinova (Nadya): marriage to and relations with L, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17; relations with L’s family, 18, 19, 20, 21; in discussion group with L, 22; L writes to in code from prison, 23; joins L in Shushenskoe (Siberia), 24, 25, 26, 27; background and career, 28; revolutionary activities and interests, 29; appearance and health, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34; childlessness, 35, 36, 37, 38; term of exile, 39, 40; on love in L’s life, 41; joins L in Munich, 42; protects L from followers, 43; in London with L, 44; cooking inadequacy, 45, 46, 47; entertains Trotski, 48; and L’s ill-health, 49, 50, 51; helps L’s followers, 52; Swiss holiday with L, 53; and L’s railing against Bolshevik colleagues, 54; attends Second Party Congress, 55; returns to St Petersburg with L (1905), 56; in Finland, 57; flees Finland, 58; organises liaison with Russian Bolsheviks, 59; joins L in Stockholm, 60; in Paris, 61, 62; cycling trips with L, 63; and L’s relations with Inessa Armand, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68; moves with L to Kraków, 69; as secretary of Foreign Bureau of Central Committee, 70; moves to Poronin, 71; operation for thyroid, 72; improved relations with Inessa Armand, 73; under suspicion at outbreak of First World War, 74; flees to neutral Switzerland, 75; and mother’s death, 76; stands by L in war, 77; keeps record of political contacts, 78; financial difficulties, 79; plans Pedagogical Encyclopaedia,80; learns of February 1917 revolution, 81; and L’s 1917 return to Russia, 82, 83, 84; and L’s new style in Petrograd, 85; gives up secretaryship post, 86; works in Vyborg industrial district, 87, 88; interrogated about L’s whereabouts, 89; absence from L during refuge in Finland, 90; visits L in Petrograd, 91; life with L in Petrograd, 92; appointed Deputy Commissar of Popular Enlightenment, 93; and L’s overwork, 94; Finnish holiday with L, 95; moves with government to Moscow, 96, 97; convalesces, 98; and assassination attempt on L, 99; joins L on private walks, 100; medical treatment in Sokolniki, 101; on workers’ intransigence, 102, 103; letters from L, 104; visits Volga region, 105; and death of Inessa Armand, 106; joins L at Gorki, 107; nurses L after stroke, 108, 109; quarrels with Maria Ilinichna, 110; given right to open L’s sealed letter to Party Congress, 111; sits with and assists L during illness, 112, 113, 114; Stalin abuses, 115, 116; present at L’s coma and death, 117; and Trotski’s party split, 118; and L’s funeral and embalming, 119; memorialises L, 120; relations with Stalin after L’s death, 121