Colonial America

Home > Other > Colonial America > Page 93
Colonial America Page 93

by Richard Middleton, Anne Lombard


  pre-eminence of Anglican Church

  religion in eighteenth century

  German immigrants

  Lawson's book about

  Shawnees migrate to

  eighteenth-century immigration

  see also North Carolina; South Carolina

  Carr, Sir Robert

  Carrier, Sarah

  Cartagena

  Cartagena, Battle of (1741)

  Carter, Robert

  Carteret, Sir George

  Cartier, Jacques

  Catawbas

  Cato Letters

  cattle

  Cayugas

  see also Iroquois

  Céloron de Blainville, Captain Pierre-Joseph

  ceramics: precontact

  Native American

  colonial industry

  African American

  Ceuta

  Champlain, Samuel de

  Charles I, king of Great Britain and Ireland: ascends throne

  and American colonies

  and religion

  and English Civil War

  execution

  colonies' reaction to regicides

  Charles II, king of Great Britain and Ireland: background and character

  Restoration

  religious stance

  relationship with the colonies

  Treaty of Dover

  reforms of Parliament and colonial administration

  grants Penn charter for Pennsylvania

  death

  Charles City

  Charlesfort

  Charleston: foundation

  site moved

  Spanish attack on (1675)

  attacks on Spanish Florida

  French and Spanish attack (1706)

  becomes center of commerce and administration

  wealth

  education

  libraries

  newspapers

  slavery

  in eighteenth century

  Chauncey, Charles

  Cheraws

  Cherokees: background

  and Yamasee War

  relations with English and French

  location

  overview of society

  and French and Indian War

  conflict with British in the West

  Chesapeake: wheat cultivation

  convict labor

  average marriage age

  families

  housing

  women's lives

  institutional aspects of slavery

  experience of being a slave in

  runaway slaves

  slave conspiracies

  local government

  see also Maryland; Virginia

  Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, earl of

  Chickahominy Indians

  Chickasaws

  Child, Dr Robert

  child birth see midwives

  children: Native American upbringing

  colonial treatment of

  English treatment of

  infant mortality

  birth rates

  economic value

  age of majority

  patriarchal control

  of interracial relationships

  treatment of illegitimate

  numbers of illegitimate

  of slave families

  French adoption of Native American

  of French interracial marriages

  see also education and training; families

  China: exploration of Americas

  Chippendale, Thomas

  Choate, John

  Choctaws

  Church, Colonel Benjamin

  Churchill, Sarah (Salem)

  Claiborne, William

  clans, Native American

  Clarendon, Edward Hyde, earl of

  class see social structures

  classical writers

  climate: Little Ice Age

  precontact

  cloth see textiles

  clothing: Paleo-Indian peoples

  linen

  cotton

  protectionism in trade

  children

  in eighteenth century

  slaves

  Native American

  clubs

  Coddington, William

  coffee houses

  Colbert, Jean-Baptiste

  Colden, Cadwallader

  College of New Jersey see Princeton

  College of William and Mary

  Colleton, Sir John

  colonial administration see political organization

  colonization: morality

  Spanish model

  English model

  French model

  Dutch model

  pros and cons of proprietary model

  Columbia College, New York

  Columbian Exchange

  Columbus, Christopher

  Comanches

  commerce see trade

  communications: speed of transatlantic

  post office established

  Compagnie des Cent-Associés

  Conestogas

  Congarees

  Congregationalists

  Connecticut: establishment

  border disputes with Dutch

  charter confirmed

  reaction to and effect of Restoration

  and Long Island

  duke of York tries to take over western

  conflict with James II

  joins Dominion of New England

  Glorious Revolution settlement restores charter

  abortive invasion of New France

  witchcraft trials

  Bellomont made commander of militia

  and War of the Spanish Succession

  silver industry

  paper money

  land ownership

  local elites

  churches adopt Saybrook Platform

  other religious changes in eighteenth century

  free African Americans

  population growth in eighteenth century

  politics after 1690

  suspending clauses

  intercolonial conflicts

  factional fighting

  joins attack on Louisburg

  attends Albany Congress

  and French and Indian War

  Connecticut River Valley

  Conoys

  consumerism

  moral critique

  contraception

  Conventicle Act (1664)

  convicts: use as labor

  Coode, John

  Cooke, Elisha, Jr.

  Cooper, Anthony Ashley see Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley, earl of

  Copley, John Singleton

  portraits by

  Corey, Giles

  Corey, Martha

  corn

  Cornbury, Lord

  Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de

  Corporation Act (1661)

  Cortés, Hernando

  Cosby, William

  cotton

  Cotton, John

  Council for New England (formerly Plymouth Company)

  councils, provincial

  county courts

  Covenant Chain of Friendship

  broken

  crafts see applied arts and crafts

  Craven, earl of

  Creeks: in Carolinas

  involvement in imperial wars

  attitude to European alliances

  attack Spanish missions

  in Louisiana

  in Georgia

  after

  and liquor

  see also Apalachicolas (Lower Creeks); Upper Creeks

  Creoles

  Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John

  crime and punishment: Native American attitude to killing

  Native American execution method

  Jamestown

  New England

  Maryland

  slaves in West Indies

  New York

  Crown makes changes to system in Dominion of New England
r />   punishments for fornication

  slaves

  protection for slave owners

  treason

  contrast between French and Algonquian systems

  urban crime

  see also judiciary and justice system; laws

  Croghan, George

  Cromwell, Oliver

  Cromwell, Richard

  Crown Point

  Crozat, Antoine

  Cuba

  Culpepper, John

  Culpepper, Lord

  Culpepper's Rising (1677)

  culture

  Anglicization

  popular

  African American

  Cumberland, duke of

  Cusabos

  customs duties see taxes and customs duties

  Cutler, Timothy

  dairy products

  Dale, Sir Thomas

  dancing

  Darien

  Dartmouth

  Davenport, James

  Davenport, Reverend John

  Davies, Samuel

  Davis, William

  De La Warr, Lord

  Dedham, Massachusetts

  Deerfield

  deerskin trade

  deference

  Defoe, Daniel

  DeLancey, James

  Delaware: separates from Pennsylvania

  religion in

  Delaware Valley

  Delawares (Lenapes): early encounters with Europeans

  trade with Swedes

  alliance with Pennsylvanians

  land sales to Pennsylvania

  Lutheran missions to

  after 1700

  and French and Indian War

  in Ohio Valley

  and Pontiac's Rebellion

  democracy, development of: existence and meaning of concept in colonial America

  see also political organization; rights

  Denonville, Governor

  Detroit

  Devonshire, duke of

  Díaz, Bartholomew

  Dickinson, John

  Dickinson, Jonathan

  Dieskau, Baron

  diet see food and diet

  Dinwiddie, Robert

  diseases: precontact

  brought by contact

  among early European settlers

  rarity in New England

  urban epidemics

  inoculation

  among slaves

  Texas

  smallpox epidemic among Cherokees

  sanitation

  divine right of kings

  divorce

  Dobbs, Arthur

  Doegs

  Dolores de los Ais

  Dongan, Thomas

  Dover, New Hampshire

  Dover, Treaty of (1670)

  dowries

  Drake, Francis

  Drummond, William

  Du Gua de Monts, Pierre

  Dudley, Joseph

  Dudley, Thomas

  Dudley family

  Dunkers

  Durant, George

  Durham, New Hampshire

  Dutch East India Company

  Dutch Reformed Church

  Dutch Wars (1652–74)

  Dutch West India Company

  Dyer, Mary

  Dyer, William

  East India Company

  East Texas

  Eastchurch, Thomas

  Eastern Woodlands peoples: map of

  precontact

  virgin soil epidemics

  see also individual peoples

  Eastland Company

  Easton, Treaty of (1758)

  Ebenezer

  economy: comparison of northern with southern

  did the market economy exist

  see also trade

  Eden, Charles

  education and training: Native American

  early colonial

  women

  developments after Glorious Revolution

  Franciscan education of Native Americans

  Edwards, Jonathan

  Effingham, Lord

  El Dorado

  El Paso

  Eliot, Andrew

  Eliot, Reverend John

  Elizabeth, New Jersey

  Elizabeth I, queen of England

  employment, paid

  women waged workers

  see also indentured servants; labor

  England: exploration and first colonization

  Reformation in

  sixteenth-century economy

  struggles with Spain

  drivers of colonization

  Spain signs peace with (1604)

  reasons for failure of early colonies

  under Charles I

  Catholic persecution

  in 1640s

  Restoration

  under Charles II

  Exclusion crisis

  under James II

  Glorious Revolution

  seventeenth-century emigration statistics

  seventeenth-century unemployment

  family life

  marriage rates

  social hierarchy

  see also Great Britain

  English Civil War (1642–51)

  Enlightenment

  entertainment

  equality

  Equiano, Olaudah

  Erickson, Leif

  Eries

  Esaws

  Esopus

  etiquette

  Euchees

  evangelism see Great Awakening

  Exclusion crisis

  Exeter, New Hampshire

  expenditure control

  exploration: western European

  drivers

  factories

  families: Native American

  family farming model

  Maryland

  overview of colonial

  average family size

  household government

  African Americans

  New France

  farming see agriculture; livestock farming

  Farquhar, George

  Fawkes, Guy

  fees simple: definition

  Fendall, Josiah

  Fenwick, John

  Ferdinand, king of Aragon

  Filmer, Sir Robert

  fine arts

  fires

  fishing: precontact

  European fishers off America

  early European settlers

  in New England

  British trade in

  exports from New England

  growth in French trade

  Five Mile Act (1665)

  Five Nations see Iroquois: League of Five Nations

  Fletcher, Benjamin

  Florida: Spain establishes colony

  Spanish destroy French settlement

  conflict during imperial wars

  Spanish immigration policies

  free African Americans in

  Native Americans in

  Spanish leave

  flour

  Flushing

  Fontaine, Reverend Peter

  food and diet: precontact

  western Europe

  slaves

  see also agriculture; fishing; hunting

  Forbes, Brigadier John

  fornication see sexual mores

  Fort Caroline

  Fort Casimir

  Fort Christina

  Fort Crevecoeur

  Fort Duquesne see Pittsburgh

  Fort Edward

  Fort Frontenac

  Fort Hope

  Fort Le Boeuf

  Fort Miami

  Fort Nassau

  Fort Necessity

  Fort Orange

  Fort Prudhomme

  Fort Rosalie

  Fort St. Louis

  Fort Toulouse

  Fort William Henry

  massacre of (1757)

  Fox, George

  Fox Indians

  Fox River

  France: early exploration and colonization

  reasons for scarcity of
colonists

  under Louis XIV

  alliances with Iroquois

  provocation of strife on borders of New York

  Nine Years War

  treaty of neutrality with Iroquois

  War of the Spanish Succession

  success of New France

  English invade New France

  alliances with Indians

  in southern colonies

  assists Illinois and Miami Indians against Iroquois

  defeats Natchez Indians

  borderlands

  interactions with Native Americans in French colonies

  and Gulf of Mexico

  exploration of West

  map of North American claims

  attacks Spain in Gulf of Mexico

  as bar to British expansion in West

  Iroquois later relations with

  Micmac relations with

  westward expansion

  Cherokee alliance

  eighteenth-century activity in America

  War of Austrian Succession

  North American territories claimed by

  for Ohio Country

  French and Indian War considerably diminishes influence

  aftermath of war

  see also French and Indian War; Louisiana; New France

  Francis I, king of France

  Franciscans

  Franklin, Benjamin

  on convict labor

  on British standard of living

  on the Protestant ethic

  on population growth in America

  as runaway

  on importance of ability

  establishes Academy of Philadelphia

  hears Whitefield preach

  “university of life” saying

  and Library Company of Philadelphia

  Poor Richard's Almanac

  as journalist

  interest in science

  on German immigrants in Pennsylvania

  and Pennsylvanian defense during War of Jenkins' Ear

  draws up plan for colonial union for defense

  and French and Indian War

  Franks, David

  Franks, Moses

  Free Society of Traders

  Freemasons

  Frelinghuysen, Theodore

  French and Indian War (1754–63)

  consequences

  Frobisher, Martin

  Frontenac, Comte de

  funerary practices: precontact

  African American

  fur trade: beginnings

  Jamestown

  Massachusetts

  French

  Dutch

  depletion caused by gun supply to Mohawks

  Beaver Wars

  Swedish

  Indian wars over control of

  New York

  effect of decline on Native American–settler relations

  rivalry between New York and Albany

  New France

  growing competition from English

  Iroquois' strong position in

  disruption caused by War of the Spanish Succession

  English

  in eighteenth century

  New France in eighteenth century

  as driver of French westward expansion

  Iroquois' continued manipulation

  British and French rivalries in the West

  furniture

  Gama, Vasco da

  games

  Gates, Sir Thomas

  gender relations see men; women

  George II, king of Great Britain and Ireland

  George III, king of Great Britain and Ireland

  Georgia: foundation

 

‹ Prev