Colonial America

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Colonial America Page 94

by Richard Middleton, Anne Lombard


  rice cultivation

  women's rights

  slavery

  indigo cultivation

  slave runaways

  strife with Spanish Florida

  Native Americans in

  politics after 1690

  fighting during War of Jenkins' Ear

  Gerard, Thomas

  German immigrants: overview

  in Pennsylvania

  North Carolina

  religious sects

  opposition to slavery

  German Reformed Church

  Germantown, Pennsylvania

  Germany

  gift culture, Native American

  Gilbert, Sir Humphrey

  Gist, Christopher

  glassmaking

  Glorious Revolution (1688)

  Gloucester

  Gnadenhutten

  Goffe, William

  gold

  Gooch, Governor

  Good, Sarah

  Gookin, Charles

  Gookin, Samuel

  Goose Creek men

  Gordon, Thomas

  Gorges, Sir Fernando

  Gorton, Samuel

  Gortonists

  Gosnold, Bartholomew

  government institutions see political organization

  governors: functions

  nationality

  Grant, Colonel

  Great Awakening

  Great Britain: creation

  exports to colonies

  consumer revolution

  eighteenth-century emigration

  encouragement of European emigration to Americas

  aftermath of French and Indian War

  American imperial aspirations

  see also England

  Great Lakes

  Grenada

  Grenville, Richard

  Guadeloupe

  Guales

  Guantánamo

  Gullah

  Gunpowder Plot (1605)

  Haiti

  Haitian Revolution (1791)

  Hakluyt, Richard, Jr.

  Haldimand, General

  Hale, Reverend John

  Hale, Robert

  Half-Way Covenant

  Halifax, Lord

  Halifax, Nova Scotia

  Hall, David

  Hallam, Lewis

  Hamilton, Andrew

  Harford

  Harlow, Captain Edward

  Harrington, James

  Harriot, Thomas

  Hartford, Connecticut

  Harvard

  Hassanamesit

  hat industry

  Havana

  Haverhill, Massachusetts

  Hawkins, John

  health see diseases

  Heckewelder, John

  Hempstead

  Hendrick see Theyanoguin

  Henrico

  Henry, Prince, of Portugal

  Henry VII, king of England

  Hispaniola (later Santo Domingo)

  hogs

  Hohokam people

  holidays

  Holland: exploration and colonization

  rebellion against Spain

  trade with Americas

  war with Native Americans

  border agreement with English

  wars with England

  and sugar trade

  New Netherland captured by English

  Dutch inhabitants of New York

  England under William III and Anne allies self with

  Dutch marriage customs

  Hooker, Thomas

  Hopewell culture

  horticulture see agriculture

  household goods

  housing: precontact

  shingles and clapboard industry

  colonial

  slaves

  Hubbard, Elizabeth

  Hudson, Henry

  Hudson Bay

  Hudson River

  Hudson's Bay Company

  Huguenots: destruction of South Carolinian and Floridan colonies

  in New Netherland and New York

  in Louis XIV's France

  in Carolinas

  British encourage their immigration to American colonies

  hundreds: definition

  Hunt, Thomas

  Hunter, Robert

  hunting: precontact

  overhunting in southern colonies

  byslaves

  European trade with Native Americans leads to overhunting

  Huron-Petun Indians

  Hurons: child rearing

  and trade

  relations with Iroquois Five Nations

  migrations

  war with Iroquois

  relationship with French

  war with Mohawks

  French conversion attempts

  alliance with French

  some refugees settle in New France

  Hutcheson, Francis

  Hutchinson, Anne

  Hutchinson, Thomas

  Hutchinson family

  Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d’

  identity: eighteenth-century colonial feeling of Britishness

  collective African American

  Native Americans' sense of

  development of “white,”

  Ile Royale (Cape Breton)

  Illinois

  Illinois Indians

  Illinois River

  immigration: settler demographics

  policies

  in eighteenth century

  Incas

  indentured servants: overview of early system

  Virginia

  Maryland

  middle colonies

  women's lives in the Chesapeake

  in eighteenth century

  Independent Whig

  India

  Indians see Native Americans

  indigo

  Industrial Revolution

  industrialization

  Ingle, Richard

  Ingoldsby, Major Richard

  inheritance

  Inman, Elizabeth Murray Smith see Smith, Elizabeth Murray

  inns

  inoculation

  insurance

  Ipswich, Massachusetts

  Ireland

  Irish immigrants

  iron industry see metallurgy

  Iroquois: precontact location

  political succession process

  League of Five Nations

  Beaver Wars

  Covenant Chain

  wars with other Indians for control of fur trade

  French assist other Indians against

  support English in King Philip's War

  show friendliness to Pennsylvanians

  attacked by French

  involvement in imperial wars

  treaty of neutrality with French

  emerge from imperial wars in strong position

  sell land to Pennsylvania

  Christian Iroquois settle in French reserves

  attempts to control fur trade in French upper country

  force Delawares to move to upper Susquehanna

  peace treaty with Catawbas

  continuing manipulation of British and French

  English missions to

  manipulation of other Indians

  wars with Catawbas

  in Ohio Valley

  break with British

  and French and Indian War

  plans for resistance to British

  and Pontiac's Rebellion

  Isabella, queen of Castile

  Islamic world: and trade

  Reconquista

  travelers in Africa

  Jacobs, George

  Jamaica

  Jamaica, New York

  James I and VI, king of England and Scotland: relations with colonies

  opinion of smoking

  receives Pocahontas

  and Gunpowder Plot

  and religion

  death

  James II, king of Great Britain and Ireland (formerly duke of York)

  and
character

  and takeover of New York from Dutch

  and New Jersey

  and Pennsylvania

  Exclusion crisis

  ascends throne

  antagonistic relationship with colonies

  overthrown in Glorious Revolution

  Jamestown

  Jefferson, Thomas

  Jeffreys, Colonel Herbert

  Jenkins, John

  Jenkins' Ear, War of (1738–48)

  Jesuits

  jewelry: precontact

  African American

  Jews

  John, king of Portugal

  Johnson, Anthony

  Johnson, John

  Johnson, Reverend Samuel

  Johnson, Sir William

  Johnston, Gabriel

  joint stock companies, rise of

  Joliet, Louis

  Jones, Sir William

  Joseph, William

  judiciary and justice system: powers in Britain

  powers in America

  appointments in America

  county courts

  Junto Club see American Philosophical Society

  Kahnawake reserve

  Kalm, Peter

  Kanesatake reserve

  Karankawas

  Karlsefni, Thorfinn

  Karlsen, Carol

  Kaskaskia

  Keayne, Robert

  Keith, George

  Keith, William

  Keithian Schism (1689)

  Kent Island

  Kiashuta

  Kiccowtan

  Kickapoos

  Kidd, Captain

  Kieft, Willem

  King George's War (1744–8)

  King Philip's (Metacom's) War (1675–6)

  King William's War see Nine Years War

  King's College, New York

  kinship obligations

  Kittery, Maine

  Kneller, Sir Godfrey: portraits by

  Knight, Tobias

  Kongo

  La Bahia

  La Barre, Governor

  La Salle, Robert de

  labor: overview of colonial labor force

  child labor

  see also indentured servants; slavery and slave trade

  Lachine

  Lake Champlain

  Lake Erie

  Lake George

  Lake Ontario

  Lancaster, Pennsylvania

  Lancaster, Treaty of (1744)

  land ownership: early English colonies

  difference between European and Native American concepts

  Massachusetts

  New France

  New Netherland

  Maryland

  West Indies

  New York

  as driver of colonization

  Carolinas

  Virginia

  Massachusetts speculation

  Pennsylvania

  Crown makes changes to system in Dominion of New England

  under new Massachusetts charter

  quarrels in Pennsylvania over

  proportion of tenant farmers

  ready availability of land

  inheritance

  England

  and equality

  settlers' attempts to defraud Native Americans

  Shenandoah Valley

  Georgia

  town lands in New England

  resentment of proprietary families' monopoly on distribution

  New Jersey

  Ohio Valley

  Pennsylvania offers to return some to Delawares

  settlers renege on promises made to Native Americans during French and Indian War

  Proclamation of 1763 attempts to reserve lands for Native Americans

  settlers later disregard

  Lane, Captain Ralph

  languages: Native American

  colonial adoptions from Native Americans

  of slaves

  Lathrop, Captain

  Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury

  laundry services

  Laurens, Henry

  Lawne's Creek protest (1673)

  Lawrence, William

  laws: early English colonies

  New England

  Maryland

  and Restoration settlement

  New York

  Carolinas

  Pennsylvania

  Crown tries to take back law-making powers in Dominion of New England

  regarding treatment of slaves

  Georgia

  assemblies' role in making

  suspending clauses

  see also crime and punishment; judiciary and justice system; political organization

  Lawson, John

  lawyers: training

  Le Loutre, Abbé

  League of Augsburg

  War of the see Nine Years War

  LeBoeuf

  Lee, Colonel Richard

  Lee, Thomas

  legislation see laws

  Leisler, Jacob

  Leisler's Rebellion (1689)

  leisure see entertainment

  Lenapes see Delawares

  Levant Company

  Leverett, John

  Levis, Chevalier

  Lewis, Mercy

  libraries

  Library Company of Philadelphia

  life expectancy

  lighting, public

  lightning conductors

  linen

  liquor

  see also rum

  literacy

  Little Ice Age

  livestock farming

  Livingston, Philip

  Livingston, Robert

  Lloyd, David

  Lloyd, Thomas

  lobbying

  local government

  Locke, John: helps design government system for Carolinas

  and education

  on the family

  influence

  on government and politics

  Logan, James

  Logstown, Treaty of (1748)

  London: Great Fire (1666)

  London Company see Virginia Company of London

  Long Island: wampum production

  Dutch trade with Native Americans

  Native Americans fight Dutch over taxes

  New England settlers on

  becomes part of New York

  towns lose customs privileges

  1685 population

  and Leisler's Rebellion

  whaling

  local government

  Lorette

  lotteries

  Loudon, Lord

  Louis XIV, king of France: ambitions cause concern to Charles II

  and Treaty of Dover

  power in France

  and French colonies in America

  revokes Edict of Nantes

  Louisburg

  Louisiana

  Lovelace, Governor

  Lowell, Massachusetts

  Lower Creeks see Apalachicolas

  Loyal Land Company

  Lucas, George

  lumber

  Luther, Martin

  Lutherans

  Madeira

  Magellan, Ferdinand

  Mahicans: early encounters with Europeans

  war with Mohawks

  treaty with neighboring Native Americans

  and King Philip's War

  in Ohio Valley

  mail

  Maine: incorporated into Massachusetts

  exports

  James II merges into Dominion of New England

  Andros marches against Native Americans in

  Indian attacks in imperial wars

  naval stores industry

  Abenaki attacks in King Philip's War

  eighteenth-century immigration

  Makemie, Francis

  Mali empire

  Manhattan

  Manhattans (Indians)

  Manila

  manners

  Mansa Musa I, emperor of Mali

  Manteo

  manufacturin
g

  maple syrup

  Mapp, Paul W.

  Marblehead

  Markham, William

  Marquette, Father Jacques

  marriage: Native American

  Spanish policy on interracial

  English policy on interracial

  marriage rates

  average marriage age

  parents' role in supervising choices

  colonial policy on interracial

  divorce

  women's rights

  women's incentive to marry

  dowries

  women's experience

  Puritan attitude

  abusive

  Quaker attitude

  men's incentive to marry

  unmarried women in eighteenth century

  between slaves

  French policy on interracial

  between African Americans and Native Americans

  restrictions on Presbyterians in Ireland

  Martha's Vineyard

  Martinique

  Mary I, queen of England

  Mary II, queen of Great Britain and Ireland

  Maryland: establishment and early days

  first State House

  industry

  reaction to and effect of Restoration

  map of

  government overthrown

  administration of tax laws

  conference with Iroquois

  population

  labor force

  subsistence farmers

  iron industry

  paper money

  standard of living

  average marriage age

  equality

  laws on interracial marriage

  businesswomen

  pre-eminence of Anglican Church

  education

  libraries

  institutional aspects of slavery

  experience of being a slave in

  changes to Native American life brought by interactions with settlers

  Susquehannocks in

  eighteenth-century immigration

  population growth in eighteenth century

  politics after 1690

  voting rights

  intercolonial conflicts

  attends Albany Congress

  and French and Indian War

  see also Chesapeake

  Mascoutens

  Mason, Captain John

  Mason, George

  Massachusetts (colony and state): establishment and early days

  challenges from England

  border agreement with Dutch

  reaction to and effect of Restoration

  growing prosperity and tensions lead to King Philip's War

  struggles with Crown over validity of charter

  Glorious Revolution results in new charter but with Crown retaining many powers

  administration of tax laws

  Indian attacks in Nine Years War

  Salem witchcraft trials

  and invasions of New France

  Bellomont made governor

  and War of the Spanish Succession

  paper money

  banks

  protectionism

  wealth

  family law

  equality

  textile industry

  religious changes in eighteenth century

  free African Americans

  war with Abenakis

  discourages Irish immigration

  politics after 1690

  voting rights

  expenditure control

  intercolonial conflicts

 

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