Colonial America
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rice cultivation
women's rights
slavery
indigo cultivation
slave runaways
strife with Spanish Florida
Native Americans in
politics after 1690
fighting during War of Jenkins' Ear
Gerard, Thomas
German immigrants: overview
in Pennsylvania
North Carolina
religious sects
opposition to slavery
German Reformed Church
Germantown, Pennsylvania
Germany
gift culture, Native American
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey
Gist, Christopher
glassmaking
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Gloucester
Gnadenhutten
Goffe, William
gold
Gooch, Governor
Good, Sarah
Gookin, Charles
Gookin, Samuel
Goose Creek men
Gordon, Thomas
Gorges, Sir Fernando
Gorton, Samuel
Gortonists
Gosnold, Bartholomew
government institutions see political organization
governors: functions
nationality
Grant, Colonel
Great Awakening
Great Britain: creation
exports to colonies
consumer revolution
eighteenth-century emigration
encouragement of European emigration to Americas
aftermath of French and Indian War
American imperial aspirations
see also England
Great Lakes
Grenada
Grenville, Richard
Guadeloupe
Guales
Guantánamo
Gullah
Gunpowder Plot (1605)
Haiti
Haitian Revolution (1791)
Hakluyt, Richard, Jr.
Haldimand, General
Hale, Reverend John
Hale, Robert
Half-Way Covenant
Halifax, Lord
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Hall, David
Hallam, Lewis
Hamilton, Andrew
Harford
Harlow, Captain Edward
Harrington, James
Harriot, Thomas
Hartford, Connecticut
Harvard
Hassanamesit
hat industry
Havana
Haverhill, Massachusetts
Hawkins, John
health see diseases
Heckewelder, John
Hempstead
Hendrick see Theyanoguin
Henrico
Henry, Prince, of Portugal
Henry VII, king of England
Hispaniola (later Santo Domingo)
hogs
Hohokam people
holidays
Holland: exploration and colonization
rebellion against Spain
trade with Americas
war with Native Americans
border agreement with English
wars with England
and sugar trade
New Netherland captured by English
Dutch inhabitants of New York
England under William III and Anne allies self with
Dutch marriage customs
Hooker, Thomas
Hopewell culture
horticulture see agriculture
household goods
housing: precontact
shingles and clapboard industry
colonial
slaves
Hubbard, Elizabeth
Hudson, Henry
Hudson Bay
Hudson River
Hudson's Bay Company
Huguenots: destruction of South Carolinian and Floridan colonies
in New Netherland and New York
in Louis XIV's France
in Carolinas
British encourage their immigration to American colonies
hundreds: definition
Hunt, Thomas
Hunter, Robert
hunting: precontact
overhunting in southern colonies
byslaves
European trade with Native Americans leads to overhunting
Huron-Petun Indians
Hurons: child rearing
and trade
relations with Iroquois Five Nations
migrations
war with Iroquois
relationship with French
war with Mohawks
French conversion attempts
alliance with French
some refugees settle in New France
Hutcheson, Francis
Hutchinson, Anne
Hutchinson, Thomas
Hutchinson family
Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d’
identity: eighteenth-century colonial feeling of Britishness
collective African American
Native Americans' sense of
development of “white,”
Ile Royale (Cape Breton)
Illinois
Illinois Indians
Illinois River
immigration: settler demographics
policies
in eighteenth century
Incas
indentured servants: overview of early system
Virginia
Maryland
middle colonies
women's lives in the Chesapeake
in eighteenth century
Independent Whig
India
Indians see Native Americans
indigo
Industrial Revolution
industrialization
Ingle, Richard
Ingoldsby, Major Richard
inheritance
Inman, Elizabeth Murray Smith see Smith, Elizabeth Murray
inns
inoculation
insurance
Ipswich, Massachusetts
Ireland
Irish immigrants
iron industry see metallurgy
Iroquois: precontact location
political succession process
League of Five Nations
Beaver Wars
Covenant Chain
wars with other Indians for control of fur trade
French assist other Indians against
support English in King Philip's War
show friendliness to Pennsylvanians
attacked by French
involvement in imperial wars
treaty of neutrality with French
emerge from imperial wars in strong position
sell land to Pennsylvania
Christian Iroquois settle in French reserves
attempts to control fur trade in French upper country
force Delawares to move to upper Susquehanna
peace treaty with Catawbas
continuing manipulation of British and French
English missions to
manipulation of other Indians
wars with Catawbas
in Ohio Valley
break with British
and French and Indian War
plans for resistance to British
and Pontiac's Rebellion
Isabella, queen of Castile
Islamic world: and trade
Reconquista
travelers in Africa
Jacobs, George
Jamaica
Jamaica, New York
James I and VI, king of England and Scotland: relations with colonies
opinion of smoking
receives Pocahontas
and Gunpowder Plot
and religion
death
James II, king of Great Britain and Ireland (formerly duke of York)
and
character
and takeover of New York from Dutch
and New Jersey
and Pennsylvania
Exclusion crisis
ascends throne
antagonistic relationship with colonies
overthrown in Glorious Revolution
Jamestown
Jefferson, Thomas
Jeffreys, Colonel Herbert
Jenkins, John
Jenkins' Ear, War of (1738–48)
Jesuits
jewelry: precontact
African American
Jews
John, king of Portugal
Johnson, Anthony
Johnson, John
Johnson, Reverend Samuel
Johnson, Sir William
Johnston, Gabriel
joint stock companies, rise of
Joliet, Louis
Jones, Sir William
Joseph, William
judiciary and justice system: powers in Britain
powers in America
appointments in America
county courts
Junto Club see American Philosophical Society
Kahnawake reserve
Kalm, Peter
Kanesatake reserve
Karankawas
Karlsefni, Thorfinn
Karlsen, Carol
Kaskaskia
Keayne, Robert
Keith, George
Keith, William
Keithian Schism (1689)
Kent Island
Kiashuta
Kiccowtan
Kickapoos
Kidd, Captain
Kieft, Willem
King George's War (1744–8)
King Philip's (Metacom's) War (1675–6)
King William's War see Nine Years War
King's College, New York
kinship obligations
Kittery, Maine
Kneller, Sir Godfrey: portraits by
Knight, Tobias
Kongo
La Bahia
La Barre, Governor
La Salle, Robert de
labor: overview of colonial labor force
child labor
see also indentured servants; slavery and slave trade
Lachine
Lake Champlain
Lake Erie
Lake George
Lake Ontario
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster, Treaty of (1744)
land ownership: early English colonies
difference between European and Native American concepts
Massachusetts
New France
New Netherland
Maryland
West Indies
New York
as driver of colonization
Carolinas
Virginia
Massachusetts speculation
Pennsylvania
Crown makes changes to system in Dominion of New England
under new Massachusetts charter
quarrels in Pennsylvania over
proportion of tenant farmers
ready availability of land
inheritance
England
and equality
settlers' attempts to defraud Native Americans
Shenandoah Valley
Georgia
town lands in New England
resentment of proprietary families' monopoly on distribution
New Jersey
Ohio Valley
Pennsylvania offers to return some to Delawares
settlers renege on promises made to Native Americans during French and Indian War
Proclamation of 1763 attempts to reserve lands for Native Americans
settlers later disregard
Lane, Captain Ralph
languages: Native American
colonial adoptions from Native Americans
of slaves
Lathrop, Captain
Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury
laundry services
Laurens, Henry
Lawne's Creek protest (1673)
Lawrence, William
laws: early English colonies
New England
Maryland
and Restoration settlement
New York
Carolinas
Pennsylvania
Crown tries to take back law-making powers in Dominion of New England
regarding treatment of slaves
Georgia
assemblies' role in making
suspending clauses
see also crime and punishment; judiciary and justice system; political organization
Lawson, John
lawyers: training
Le Loutre, Abbé
League of Augsburg
War of the see Nine Years War
LeBoeuf
Lee, Colonel Richard
Lee, Thomas
legislation see laws
Leisler, Jacob
Leisler's Rebellion (1689)
leisure see entertainment
Lenapes see Delawares
Levant Company
Leverett, John
Levis, Chevalier
Lewis, Mercy
libraries
Library Company of Philadelphia
life expectancy
lighting, public
lightning conductors
linen
liquor
see also rum
literacy
Little Ice Age
livestock farming
Livingston, Philip
Livingston, Robert
Lloyd, David
Lloyd, Thomas
lobbying
local government
Locke, John: helps design government system for Carolinas
and education
on the family
influence
on government and politics
Logan, James
Logstown, Treaty of (1748)
London: Great Fire (1666)
London Company see Virginia Company of London
Long Island: wampum production
Dutch trade with Native Americans
Native Americans fight Dutch over taxes
New England settlers on
becomes part of New York
towns lose customs privileges
1685 population
and Leisler's Rebellion
whaling
local government
Lorette
lotteries
Loudon, Lord
Louis XIV, king of France: ambitions cause concern to Charles II
and Treaty of Dover
power in France
and French colonies in America
revokes Edict of Nantes
Louisburg
Louisiana
Lovelace, Governor
Lowell, Massachusetts
Lower Creeks see Apalachicolas
Loyal Land Company
Lucas, George
lumber
Luther, Martin
Lutherans
Madeira
Magellan, Ferdinand
Mahicans: early encounters with Europeans
war with Mohawks
treaty with neighboring Native Americans
and King Philip's War
in Ohio Valley
mail
Maine: incorporated into Massachusetts
exports
James II merges into Dominion of New England
Andros marches against Native Americans in
Indian attacks in imperial wars
naval stores industry
Abenaki attacks in King Philip's War
eighteenth-century immigration
Makemie, Francis
Mali empire
Manhattan
Manhattans (Indians)
Manila
manners
Mansa Musa I, emperor of Mali
Manteo
manufacturin
g
maple syrup
Mapp, Paul W.
Marblehead
Markham, William
Marquette, Father Jacques
marriage: Native American
Spanish policy on interracial
English policy on interracial
marriage rates
average marriage age
parents' role in supervising choices
colonial policy on interracial
divorce
women's rights
women's incentive to marry
dowries
women's experience
Puritan attitude
abusive
Quaker attitude
men's incentive to marry
unmarried women in eighteenth century
between slaves
French policy on interracial
between African Americans and Native Americans
restrictions on Presbyterians in Ireland
Martha's Vineyard
Martinique
Mary I, queen of England
Mary II, queen of Great Britain and Ireland
Maryland: establishment and early days
first State House
industry
reaction to and effect of Restoration
map of
government overthrown
administration of tax laws
conference with Iroquois
population
labor force
subsistence farmers
iron industry
paper money
standard of living
average marriage age
equality
laws on interracial marriage
businesswomen
pre-eminence of Anglican Church
education
libraries
institutional aspects of slavery
experience of being a slave in
changes to Native American life brought by interactions with settlers
Susquehannocks in
eighteenth-century immigration
population growth in eighteenth century
politics after 1690
voting rights
intercolonial conflicts
attends Albany Congress
and French and Indian War
see also Chesapeake
Mascoutens
Mason, Captain John
Mason, George
Massachusetts (colony and state): establishment and early days
challenges from England
border agreement with Dutch
reaction to and effect of Restoration
growing prosperity and tensions lead to King Philip's War
struggles with Crown over validity of charter
Glorious Revolution results in new charter but with Crown retaining many powers
administration of tax laws
Indian attacks in Nine Years War
Salem witchcraft trials
and invasions of New France
Bellomont made governor
and War of the Spanish Succession
paper money
banks
protectionism
wealth
family law
equality
textile industry
religious changes in eighteenth century
free African Americans
war with Abenakis
discourages Irish immigration
politics after 1690
voting rights
expenditure control
intercolonial conflicts