Colonial America
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factional fighting
attack on Louisburg
attends Albany Congress
and French and Indian War
Massachusetts (Indians)
Massachusetts Bay Company
Massasoit, Chief
mathematics: precontact
Mather, Cotton: reaction to Glorious Revolution
and witchcraft
as a father
and religious doctrine
on Rhode Island churches
book collection
Magnalia Christi Americana
Mather, Increase
Mattaponis
Mayas
Mayflower
Mayflower Compact
Mayhew, Jonathan
Mayhew, Thomas
Mazanet, Father
meat see livestock farming
medicine: inoculation
African
see also diseases
men: Native American jobs and roles
Native American relationship with women
western European jobs and roles
western European relationship with women
Puritans' view of fathers' role in spiritual education
role in household government
household responsibilities
gender ideology
incentive to marry
consumerism as threat to patriarchal society
Menéndez, Francisco
Menéndez de Avilés, Pedro
Mennonites
Menominees
mercantilism
mestizos
metallurgy: precontact
Native American exposure to European metal products
New England
Native Americans trade with French for
iron industry
Methodists
Mexico: origins of agriculture
Mexico, Gulf of
see also Louisiana
Miami
Miamis
Miantonomo
Michilimackinac
Micmacs
midwives
Milborne, Jacob
military service
militias: seventeenth century
English government attempts some centralization of command
training
to control slaves
New France
eighteenth century
millenarianism
Miller, Thomas
Mingoes
Minorca
Minuit, Peter
Mississaugas
Mississippi River and Valley: precontact
Spanish exploration
descendants of cultures
European discovery
map of
French exploration and settlement
Mittelberger, Reverend Gottlieb
Mobile
Mohawks: and Iroquois League
war with Mahicans
war with Hurons
trade
early encounters with Dutch
alliance with Dutch against Algonquians
reserve established for Catholic
support English in King Philip's War
involvement in imperial wars
continue traditional friendship with British
declare Covenant Chain broken
and French and Indian War
see also Iroquois
Mohegans
Molasses Act (1733)
monarchy: development of centralized
concept of king in Parliament
king's powers in the colonies in eighteenth century
colonials' royalist tendencies
development of republicanism
Monck, George, duke of Albemarle
Monckton, Colonel Robert
money: minting
lack of specie leads to paper money
commodity money
continuing colonial cash shortage
see also banks
Montagnais
Montcalm, marquis de
Montgomery, Colonel
Montréal (Ville-Marie): Cartier's expedition to future site
foundation
English fail to capture (1690)
growth
Indian trade
British attempts to capture are finally successful
Montserrat
Moore, James
Moravians
Morgan, Philip D.
Morris, Lewis
Morton, Thomas
Mose, Florida
mounds
Mount Wollaston see Braintree
Munsees
Murray, General
Musgrove, Mary
music
Muskogeans
Nantes, Edict of: revoked
Nanticokes
Narragansetts
Narvaez, Panfilo de
Natchez Indians
Natchitoches
Natick
Native Americans: sources and misrepresentations
precontact society and culture
precontact population size
earliest contacts with Europeans
precontact transoceanic contacts
French trade with
English early encounters with
origins of racism concept
English attitude to
in Virginia
typical pattern of Anglo-Indian relations
in New England
Pequot War
sold into slavery
conversion attempts
Mohawk–Mahican war
war with Dutch
Iroquois–Huron war
Peach War
location in eastern North America
relations with French
relations with Dutch
relations with Swedish
in Maryland
in Carolinas
in New York
wars over control of fur trade
attacked on Chesapeake
resistance to authority of Massachusetts government leads to King Philip's War
many Indian survivors, including Christian converts, sold into slavery
captive narratives
friendly relations in Pennsylvania
ally with French against English
Andros marches against in Maine
fears of combined Catholic–Indian attacks in Maryland
involvement in imperial wars
English and French dependence on as warriors
reasons for European captives to accept Indian way of life
constant warfare in Carolinas
why they did not unite against English
decline in numbers
birth control methods
popularity of Moravians with
influence on colonial way of life
help given to runaway slaves
books on interactions with French and Spanish in respective colonies
Spanish missions to and acculturation
map of settlements in Gulf of Mexico
relations with French settlers in eighteenth century
life in French reserves
in French upper country
in Louisiana
French defeat Natchez
Texas
history and society from 1690
changes arising from interactions with settlers
marriage with African Americans
nations of northern frontier in eighteenth century
location on northern frontier in 1725
frontier nations in eighteenth century
location on southern frontier in 1725
or decline
Scots-Irish attitude leads to deteriorating relations
and voting rights
in Ohio Valley
Iroquois break with British
French and Indian War
significance of this war for their eventual destruction
some Christian Indians leave Florida for Spain
Comanches and Apac
hes seek to expand sphere of influence
deteriorating British relations with
coalescence of shared identity
Pontiac's Rebellion
see also individual peoples
Naumkeag see Salem
naval stores
Navigation Acts (1654–73)
Needham, Massachusetts
Neolin
Neshaminy Log College
Neutrals
Nevis
New Amsterdam (later New York City): establishment
taken over by English
New England: English exploration
colonization process
United Colonies formed
map of
agreement with Dutch
royal commission investigates
customs collector appointed
and King Philip's War
struggles over creation of Dominion of New England
Dominion ended
farming exports
health
interdependence of fathers and sons
sexual mores
housing
women's lives
textile industry
religious changes in eighteenth century
Whitefield preaches in
literacy
education
Mather's history
slavery
changes to Native American life brought by interactions with settlers
eighteenth-century immigration
local government
growing dissension
nationality of governors
and French and Indian War
see also individual colonies and states
New France: early days
converted Native Americans
survivors of King Philip's War flee to
growth into successful economy
English invasions
Treaty of Utrecht gives some to English
fur trade
immigration policies
growth from end of seventeenth century
French expand west from
rivalry with British for Ohio Country
border disputes with British colonies
French and Indian War
size of militia
British conquest
consequences of French and Indian War for French settlers
British relations with Native Americans
New Hampshire: early days
royal commission investigates
becomes royal colony
Massachusetts reasserts control over
joins Dominion of New England
Indian attacks in Nine Years War
Bellomont made governor
lumber and naval stores industries
religious changes in eighteenth century
eighteenth-century immigration
politics after 1690
intercolonial conflicts
joins attack on Louisburg
attacks Albany Congress
New Haven: foundation
shipbuilding
reaction to and effects of Restoration
divorce laws
and Great Awakening
populations
politics
New Jersey: New York's aspirations to
early days
map of
II's attempts to turn into royal colony
Bellomont made commander of militia
conference with Iroquois
and War of the Spanish Succession
united into single colony
agricultural exports
paper money
families
women's lives
religion in eighteenth century
slavery
attempts to defraud Native Americans of their lands
eighteenth-century immigration
politics after 1690
local government
judges' tenure
factional fighting
New Lights
New London, Connecticut
New Mexico
New Netherland (later New York)
New Orleans
New Plymouth see Plymouth
New Rochelle
New Spain
New Sweden
New York (formerly New Netherland): map of
taken over from Dutch
Charter of Liberties
Stadthuys
with Indians
assembly and Charter of Liberties revoked by James II
Leisler's Rebellion and aftermath
ethnic diversity
administration of tax law
and Nine Years War
Bellomont made governor
and War of the Spanish Succession
Fletcher made governor
agriculture
fur trade
protectionism
paper money
local elites
women's lives
religion in
education
Smith's history
free African Americans
slavery
Susquehannocks in
eighteenth-century immigration
manorial system
politics after 1690
local government
voting rights
issue of money
nationality of governors
intercolonial conflicts
factional fighting
attends Albany Congress
and French and Indian War
takes over more Indian land
New York City (formerly New Amsterdam): in seventeenth century
trade rivalry with Albany
and slave trade
pre-eminence as trading center
silver industry
wealth
epidemics
women traders
religion in
education
libraries
newspapers
interest in science
slavery
eighteenth-century immigration
sanitation
eighteenth-century appearance
local government
politics
New York Gazette
New York Weekly Journal
Newark, New Jersey
Newburyport
Newcastle, duke of
Newfoundland
Newport, Captain
Newport, Rhode Island
newspapers
Niagara
Niantics
Nicholls, Colonel Richard
Nichols, William
Nicholson, Colonel Francis: as lieutenant governor of New York
sent to Virginia
captures Port Royal
captures and kills Teach
made governor of South Carolina
Nine Years War (1689–97)
Nipmucks
Noquets
Norfolk
Norridgewocks
North America: land bridge to Asia
European discovery
North Carolina: early days
Culpepper's rising
Tuscarora War
proprietary government overthrown
population
rice cultivation
numbers of slaves
subsistence farmers
iron industry
use of commodity money
paper money
Native American reservations
eighteenth-century immigration
urban development
politics after 1690
local government
voting rights
judges' tenure
factional fighting
and French and Indian War
see also Carolinas
Northampton, Massachusetts
Northfield
Northwest Passage
Norwich, Connecticut
Nova Scotia (formerly Acadia)
Nurse, Rebecc
a
Nuthead, Dinah
Ocaneechees
Oglethorpe, General James
Ohio Company
Ohio River
Ohio Valley: precontact
Iroquois drive out other Native Americans
Shawnees and Delawares return
French and British struggle over
British move in surveyors and settlers
and Pontiac's Rebellion
Ojibwas
Old Lights
Oldham, John
Olmecs
Oñate, Juan de
Oneidas
see also Iroquois
Onondagas
see also Iroquois
Opechancanough, Chief
orreries
Orthwood, Ann
Osages
Osborne, Sarah
Oswego
Otis, James, Sr.
Ottawas: Iroquois attack
relations with settlers
in Ohio Valley
and French and Indian War
and Pontiac's Rebellion
Ottoman empire
Ouiatenon
oyer and terminer courts
Pacific: search for water route to
Palatines see Pietists
Pamunkeys
Panama
Panama, Isthmus of
paper
Paquiquineo
Parga, Father
Paris, Peace of (1763)
Parkman, Francis
Parris, Betty
Parris, Samuel
Pastorius, Francis
Pate, John
patroonships
Patuxents
Patuxets
Pavonia
Pawnees
Paxton, Pennsylvania
Paxton Boys
Peach War (1655)
Peale, Charles Willson
peas
Penn, John
Penn, Thomas
Penn, William
establishes Pennsylvania
relations with Native Americans
invites German immigrants to Pennsylvania
death
Penn family
Pennsylvania: establishment
map of
and Glorious Revolution
administration of tax laws
conference with Iroquois
and War of the Spanish Succession
political strife leads to changes in government style
agriculture
flour
fur trade
indentured servants
protectionism
paper money
families
women's lives
religion in eighteenth century in
German immigrants
education
printing
Native Americans in
eighteenth-century immigration
politics after 1690
local government
intercolonial conflicts
factional fighting
and Ohio trade
attends Albany Congress
and French and Indian War
militia
promises to return some land to Delawares
takes over more Indian land
Pontiac's Rebellion
deteriorating relationships with Native Americans
Pennsylvania, University of
Pennsylvania Gazette
Pensacola
Peoria
Pepperell, William
Pequot War (1637)
Pequots
Percival, John Viscount
Perth Amboy