God’s Secret Agents: Queen Elizabeth's Forbidden Priests & the Hatching of the Gunpowder Plot

by Hogge, Alice

  26 Hat. Cals. XI, p. 365, XII, p. 229, XIV, p. 194, XV, p. 25; S.P. Domestic 12/clxv/21.

  27 Aydelotte, p. 67; Jessopp, p. 242; S.P. Domestic 12/xxxiv/38.

  28 Gerard, p. 193.

  29 Law, Controversy, I, pp. 26-7; Read, Walsingham, II, p. 430; Meyer, pp. 105, 391.

  30 Read, Walsingham, II, p. 282 note; Caraman, Garnet, pp. 209-210; Law, Controversy, I, p. xv.

  31 Clancy, pp. 162, 164, 167.

  32 C.R.S. 39, pp. 303-309.

  33 Hurstfield, p. 387; Pritchard, p. 52; Haile, p. 288.

  34 Meyer, p. 396; Caraman, Garnet, p. 219.

  35 Caraman, Garnet, pp. 207, 219.

  36 Caraman, Garnet, pp. 240-41; Law, Controversy, II, p. xvii; Law, Sketch, p. lxvii; Meyer, p. 421.

  37 S.P. Domestic 12/cclxxxvi/57; Law, Controversy, II, pp. 226-41.

  38 Tierney, III, pp. cxxxiiiff.

  39 Meyer, p. 432; Tierney, III, pp. cxxxiii-cxxxv; Caraman, Garnet, p. 268.

  40 Tierney, III, p. cxxxv.

  41 Caraman, Garnet, p. 272; Law, Controversy, I, pp. 206-208.

  42 Law, Sketch, pp. xxii, lxxxvi, xcii; Caraman, Garnet, p. 54; Devlin, Life, p. 257.

  43 Law, Sketch, p. xciii; Caraman, Garnet, p. 289; Law, Controversy, I, p. xxi; Meyer, p. 431.

  44 S.P. Domestic 12/cclxxxiii/70.

  45 Law, Sketch, pp. xcvi-ciii; A.P.C. XXXII, pp. 205, 300, 316.

  46 Law, Sketch, pp. ci note, cvi.

  47 Tierney, III, p. clvii; Knox, Diaries, I, pp. 362-3; Law, Controversy, II, p. 15; S.P. Domestic 12/ccxxxviii/160-63, 168; C.R.S. 5, p. 269; Anstruther, Seminary Priests, I, pp. 63-8.

  48 Hat. Cal. XII, p. 205.

  49 Tierney, III, p. clvi; Southwell, p. xiii; Caraman, Garnet, p. 294; Devlin, Patriotism, p. 351.

  50 Law, Sketch, p. cxix; Tierney, III, p. clxxxvi.

  51 Southwell, p. xiv; Harmsen, pp. 201-202; C.R.S. 34, p. 5; S.P. Domestic 14/viii/21-5.

  52 Somerset, p. 558; Hat. Cal. IX, pp. 345, 391, 440; Stafford, p. 215; Hicks, Sir Robert Cecil, p. 135.

  53 Davies, Europe, pp. 497, 502; Law, Controversy, II, p. 247; Bossy, Henri IV, p. 89; Anstruther, Seminary Priests, I, pp. 36-8.

  54 Somerset, p. 553; Foley, I, pp. 47, 50.

  55 Law, Controversy, II, pp. 227-9.

  56 Caraman, p. 296; Jardine, Gunpowder Plot, pp. 207-208; Clancy, p. 78.

  57 Caraman, pp. 298-9; Gerard, p. 46.

  58 Somerset, p. 566; Caraman, Garnet, p. 302.

  59 C.S.P. Venetian IX, pp. 554, 557.

  60 S.P. Domestic 12/cclxxxvii/49, 12/cclxxxvii/53; Foley, I, p. 54; Fraser, p. xxvi; C.S.P. Domestic 1601-1603, p. 303.

  61 Weston, p. 222; Bruce, Manningham, p. 146.

  62 Somerset, p. 568; Fraser, p. xxvi.

  63 Law, Controversy, II, p. 241; C.S.P. Venetian IX, p. 565; Somerset, p. 569; Bruce, Manningham, pp. 147-8; T. Wright, II, p. 495.

  CHAPTER ELEVEN

  1 Wilson, p. 663; Patterson, pp. 38-9.

  2 Patterson, pp. 41, 42, 54; Loomie, Spain, pp. 42, 56.

  3 C.S.P. Venetian IX, pp. 566, 570; C.S.P. Venetian X, pp. 2, 15; Bruce, Manningham, p. 154; Tierney, IV, pp. lxiv-lxvi.

  4 Loomie, Toleration, p. 9.

  5 Caraman, Garnet, p. 306.

  6 Fraser, p. xxxi; Nichols, James, pp. 75-6 and note; C.S.P. Venetian X, p. 9.

  7 Gerard, p. 213 note; Morris, Condition, pp. 20, 23, 27; A.P.C. XXXII, pp. 495, 496; C.S.P. Venetian X, p. 17; Nichols, James, p. 52.

  8 Patterson, pp. 18-19; Hicks, Standen, V, p. 205; Fraser, p. 15; C.S.P. Venetian X, pp. 77, 513; Jardine, Remarks, p. 33.

  9 C.S.P. Spanish IV, pp. 682, 724; Loomie, Spain, pp. 10, 73; Hicks, Standen, V, pp. 195, 206.

  10 Bruce, Correspondence, pp. 75-6; Tesimond, pp. 58-9.

  11 Fraser, p. 41; Morris, Condition, p. 24.

  12 Anstruther, Priests, I, pp. 372-4; Watson, pp. 89-90; Harmsen, p. 11; Bossy, Henri IV, p. 90; Tierney, IV, pp. xix-xx.

  13 Nichols, James, pp. 70, 81, 83; Hat. Cal. XV, p. 232; Loomie, Toleration, p.14; Bruce, Correspondence, pp. 31, 37.

  14 Morris, Condition, pp. 21, 22; Hat. Cal. XV, p. 73.

  15 Stow, Annals, p. 823; Nichols, James, p. 113; Tanner, pp. 24-5; C.S.P. Venetian X, pp. 74-5; Fraser, pp. 62-3; Camden, Annals, p. 641.

  16 Tierney, IV, p. i; Gardiner, History, p. 100.

  17 Hicks, Father Robert Persons, p. 114.

  18 Tierney, IV, pp. i, iii, xxxi; Gardiner, History, p. 101.

  19 Tierney, IV, pp. xiii, xv, xxix, xxxvii.

  20 Morris, Condition, p. 74; Tierney, IV, pp. v, xiii; Caraman, Garnet, p. 334; Hat. Cal. XV, pp. 154, 206.

  21 Morris, Condition, p. 74.

  22 Hat. Cal. XV, pp. 193, 194, 230; C.S.P. Domestic 1603-1610, pp. 20, 23, 27, 28, 30.

  23 Tierney, IV, pp. xxvi, xxx, xxxii-xxxiii; Stow, Annals, pp. 829, 831; Birch, pp. 27, 31.

  24 Gardiner, History, p. 115; Loomie, Toleration, p. 15.

  25 Hat. Cal. XV, pp. 202, 219; Tierney, IV, pp. xv-xvi.

  26 Loomie, Toleration, p. 20; C.R.S. 2, pp. 216-17.

  27 Hat. Cal. XV, p. 2; Loomie, Toleration, pp. 6, 12, 15.

  28 Loomie, Toleration, p. 21.

  29 Ibid., pp. 13, 15, 16.

  30 Ibid., p. 17; Loomie, Spain, p. 11.

  31 Loomie, Spain, p. 13; Loomie, Guy Fawkes, pp. 17, 18, 22.

  32 Hat. Cal. XVII, p. 512; Loomie, Guy Fawkes, p. 11.

  33 Loomie, Guy Fawkes, pp. 18, 21, 22-3, 63.

  34 Ibid., pp. 28-9, 31-2; Loomie, Spain, p. 16.

  35 Loomie, Spain, p. 31; Loomie, Guy Fawkes, p. 30; Loomie, Toleration, pp. 23, 27; C.S.P. Venetian X, p. 514.

  36 Hat. Cal. XV, pp. 264, 278-9; C.S.P. Domestic 1603-1610, pp. 60, 111; Bruce, Correspondence, p. 36.

  37 Morris, Condition, p. 41; Patterson, pp. 25-6, 49; Tanner, pp. 50, 83; Fraser, pp. 84-5; Stow, Annals, pp. 834-5; Hicks, Standen, V, p. 196.

  38 Tanner, pp. 24ff., 83-5; Patterson, p. 52; Gardiner, History, pp. 202, 203; Fraser, p. 90.

  39 Patterson, p. 53; Gardiner, History, p. 203.

  40 Loomie, Toleration, p. 29; Foley, I, p. 61.

  41 Loomie, Toleration, pp. 30-31; Hicks, Standen, V, p. 219.

  42 Fraser, p. 85; Loomie, Toleration, p. 34.

  43 Loomie, Toleration, pp. 21-2, 34, 40; Fraser, p. 79; Tesimond, p. 74.

  44 Loomie, Toleration, pp. 35, 36; Loomie, Spain, p. 37.

  45 Tierney, IV, pp. xxi, xxii and note, xxvi, xxxv.

  46 Loomie, Toleration, pp. 25, 32, 39; S.P. Domestic, 14/xix/40.

  47 Caraman, Garnet, pp. 310, 313-4.

  48 S.P. Domestic 14/xix/41; S.T. II, p. 288; JH, A True and Perfect…

  CHAPER TWELVE

  1 Jardine, Trials, p. 127; Somerset, pp. 262-3; King’s Book, p. 247.

  2 Hat. Cal. XVII, pp. 512-15; Caraman, Garnet, pp. 242, 264.

  3 Hodgetts, Secret Hiding-Places, p. 76; Loomie, Guy Fawkes, p. 2 note.

  4 S.P. Domestic 14/xviii/87.

  5 S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/205; Hat. Cal. XVIII, p. 96; S.P. Domestic 14/xix/11.

  6 Jardine, Trials, pp. 100, 274, 307; Fraser, pp. 203-204; S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/117, 124.

  7 Hat. Cal. XVIII, p. 96; S.P. Domestic 14/xix/41.

  8 King’s Book, pp. 247ff.

  9 King’s Book, p. 248.

  10 Ibid.; Fraser, p. 97; Tanner, p. 29; Gerard, pp. 180-81.

  11 S.P. Domestic 14/xix/44.

  12 S.P. Domestic 14/xix/41, 42.

  13 Caraman, Garnet, p. 317; S.P. Domestic 14/xx/45; Fraser, p. 46; Loomie, Toleration, p. 40; Morris, Condition, pp. 72-3.

  14 Tesimond, pp. 81, 82, 87, 90; Jardine, Trials, p. 308; Loomie, Toleration, p. 41; Loomie, Spain, pp. 46-7.

  15 Loomie, Toleration, pp. 38, 39, 55-6; Rymer, pp. 597-9; Gardiner, History, p. 224.

  16 Hat. Cal. XVII, p. 611; Hicks, Standen, V, p. 202.

  17 Hat. Cal. XVII, pp. 23-5; King Lear, p. xviii, I.ii.100.

  18 C.S.P. Domestic 1603-1610, pp. 240, 256, 259; Hat. Cal. XVII, pp. 569-70; Fraser, p. 126; Mathe
w, p.16.

  19 McClure Thomson, p. 36.

  20 Caraman, Garnet, p. 319; Stow, London, p. 107; S.P. Domestic 14/xix/40; Gardiner, Declarations, pp. 510-11, 517.

  21 S.P. Domestic 14/xix/41; Loomie, Spain, p. 66; Gardiner, Declarations, pp. 510ff.

  22 Gardiner, Declarations, pp. 510ff.

  23 Foley, IV, pp. 141-2; Caraman, p. 320; S.P. Domestic 14/xix/40.

  24 Gardiner, Declarations, pp. 513-15.

  25 S.P. Domestic 14/xiv/41; Morris, Condition, pp. 76-7; Foley, IV, pp. 61-2 note; Tierney, IV, pp. cix-cxi and note.

  26 Stow, Annals, p. 844; Fraser, pp. 102, 120, 141.

  27 Fraser, pp. 133-4; Nichols, James, pp. 537ff.; Tyacke, p. 7.

  28 Morris, Condition, pp. 78-9.

  29 Jardine, Gunpowder Plot, p. 179; Hodgetts, Secret Hiding-Places, pp. 163-4; Fraser, pp. 143-7; Jardine, Trials, pp. 24-5.

  30 Morris, Condition, pp. 79-80; Anstruther, Vaux, p. 278; Gardiner, Declarations, p. 517.

  31 S.P. Domestic 14/xix/40; Gardiner, Declarations, pp. 515, 516.

  32 Fraser, pp. 116-17, 158; Gardiner, Declarations, p. 516; S.P. Domestic 14/xviii/87 and 14/ccxvi/166.

  33 S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/2; Fraser, p. 151; King’s Book, pp. 235ff.

  34 Fraser, p. 151.

  35 Loomie, Spain, pp. 70-71; Loomie, Toleration, p. 42.

  36 Hat. Cal. XVII, pp. 475-6, 477; S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/16, 17.

  37 C.S.P. Venetian X, pp. 290-92; McClure Thomson, pp. 57-9; Hat. Cal. XVII, pp. 484-6.

  38 Hat. Cal. XVII, p. 479; S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/53, 54, 70, 97, 106, 107.

  39 S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/92; Gerard, pp. 197-8.

  40 Hat. Cal. XVII, pp. 490-91.

  41 Hat. Cal. XVII, pp. 477-8; C.S.P. Venetian X, pp. 290-92; King’s Book, p. 236; JH, A True and Perfect…; Clancy, p. 85.

  42 C.S.P. Domestic 1603-1610, pp. 254, 259; Hat. Cal. XVII, pp. 500-501; S.P. Domestic 14/xvi/113, 14/xvii/31, 14/ccxvi/97.

  43 B.M. Add. MSS, 6178, 98.

  44 S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/145.

  45 S.P. Domestic 14/xvii/18; Tesimond, p. 9; Hat. Cal. XVII, pp. 528, 567; Fraser, p. 211; S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/166; Jardine, Trials, pp. 281-2;

  46 Rymer, pp. 639-40.

  47 Tesimond, pp. 162-3; S.P. Domestic 14/xviii/21.

  48 Tesimond, pp. 162-3.

  49 Hat. Cals. XV, p. 219, XVI, pp. 399-401, XVIII, p. 41; Anstruther, Seminary Priests, II, pp. 138-9; Foley, I, pp. 466-8; Morris, Condition, pp. 210-11, 220; S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/197, 198.

  50 Gerard, p. 203; S.P. Domestic 14/xviii/35.

  51 Hat. Cal. XVIII, pp. 99, 105; C.S.P. Domestic 1603-1610, pp. 284, 310; Gerard, pp. 204-7.

  52 Foley, IV, pp. 202ff.; S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/187, 197.

  53 Gerard, p. 45; Tesimond, p. 165; Jardine, Gunpowder Plot, p. 182.

  54 S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/194; MSS Anglia 3, 58; Foley, IV, pp. 66-9.

  55 Hodgetts, Secret Hiding-Places, pp. 170-71; Fraser, p. 213.

  56 Gilbert, p. 417.

  57 S.P. Domestic 14/xviii/29.

  58 Gilbert, p. 417; S.P. Domestic 14/xviii/38; Nash, I, pp. 585ff.; Harleian MSS, 360, 58; Morris, Condition, pp. 152-3.

  59 Nash, I, pp. 585ff.; Harleian MSS, 360, 58.

  60 Caraman, pp. 316, 343; S.P. Domestic 14/xviii/52.

  61 Jardine, Trials, pp. 120-21 note; JH, A True and Perfect…

  62 Fraser, pp. 218, 229-34; Tesimond, pp. 205, 217, 229.

  63 Jardine, Trials, pp. 194-5; King’s Book, p. 237; S.P. Domestic 14/xviii.19.

  64 S.P. Domestic 14/xviii/64, 14/xix/11; Nash, I, pp. 585ff.; Harleian MSS, 360, 58; Caraman, Garnet, pp. 244-5, 227.

  65 S.P. Domestic 14/xviii/87, 14/xix/11; Caraman, Garnet, pp. 253-5.

  66 Anstruther, Vaux, p. 341; S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/192.

  67 S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/194; Star Chamber Proceedings, James I, bundle 5, file 16.

  68 Hepworth Dixon, pp. 393-4.

  69 C.S.P. Venetian X, pp. 327-8; Morris, Condition, pp. 185ff.

  70 Tesimond, pp. 197-201; Morris, Condition, pp. 185ff.

  71 Kilburn, p. 17; Caraman, Owen, p. 14.

  72 Hat. Cal. XVIII, pp. 60-61; S.P. Domestic 14/ccxvi/242; C.S.P. Ireland 1603-1606, pp. 412-13.

  73 Morris, Condition, pp. 173-5; Hat. Cal. XVIII, p. 108.

  74 Hat. Cal. XVIII, p. 74; S.P. Domestic 14/xix/27.

  75 Hat. Cal. XVII, pp. 594-5.

  76 S.P Domestic 14/ccxvi/216; C.S.P Venetian X, pp. 337-8.

  77 S.T., II, pp. 217ff.; Morris, Condition, pp. 224ff.

  78 S.P. Domestic 14/xix/15, 14/ccxvi/210, 212; Fraser, p. 207.

  79 Morris, Narrative, p. 175; Hat. Cal. XVIII, p. 98; McClure Thomson, p. 37; S.P. Domestic 14/xix/59.

  80 McClure Thomson, p. 37; C.S.P. Venetian X, pp. 337-8; Hat. Cal. XVIII, pp. 95-6, 107-111; Jardine, Trials, pp. 322-3, 326-7; S.P. Domestic 14/xx/11.

  81 King James Bible, John 15:13.

  82 S.P. Domestic 14/xxi/4; C.S.P. Venetian X, pp. 321, 350-51.

  83 S.T., II, pp. 355-8; Morris, Condition, pp. 288-97.

  84 Caraman, Garnet, pp. 236, 244.

  85 Loomie, Spain, pp. 81-4; Jardine, Trials, pp. 346-7; Pollen, Father Garnet, p. 49; Hat. Cal. XVIII, p. 455.

  86 Gerard, pp. 207-9.

  87 Gerard, pp. 181 note, 269 note; Morris, Condition, pp. cxciii, cxcv, ccviii.

  88 Morris, Condition, pp. ccxxiii-ccxxv, 201.

  89 S.P. Domestic 14/xxiv/38, 14/xxiv/40; Hat. Cal. XVIII, pp. 47, 49.

  EPILOGUE

  1 Reynolds, p. 210; Patterson, p. 79; Statutes, 3 Jac. I. c. 4.

  2 Notestein, p. 145; Statutes, 3 Jac. I. c. 1, 4, & 5; Kilburn, p. 14; Hat. Cal. XVIII, p. 68.

  3 Dures, p. 46; Statutes, 3 Jac. I. c. 1; Patterson, pp. 78, 92; Lunn, p. 241.

  4 Donne, pp. xxxviii, xxxix, 152, 165, 228; Patterson, pp. 81-2; C.S.P. Domestic 1603-1610, pp. 363, 370, 397; Lunn, pp. 241-2.

  5 Dures, p. 46; Donne, pp. 167-8; Hat. Cal. XVIII, pp. 419-20; C.S.P. Domestic 1603-1610, pp. 330, 425.

  6 Hat. Cal. XVIII, pp. 173, 234; Tierney, IV, pp. cxxxvii-cxxxviii; Davies, Isles, p. 403.

  7 Rowlands, p. 156; Fraser, p. 283; Southwell, p. 41; Spratt, pp. 26-8.

  8 Brock, p. 56; Stow, London, pp. 319-20; Stow, Annals, p. 912; Parmiter, pp. 96, 99.

  9 Stewart, pp. 244, 344, 346; Hodgetts, Secret Hiding-Places, pp. 196-215; Fraser, p. 278.

  10 Ollard, p. 142; Davies, Isles, pp. 516-17, 522; Twelfth Night, 5.i.375; I am grateful to Fr. Thomas M. McCoog S.J. for the information about the Jesuit descendants of Cecil and Walsingham.

  11 Fraser, pp. 267-8, 269-70.

  12 Foley, IV, pp. 202-44; Fraser, p. 275.

  13 Jardine, Trials, p. 380; Macbeth, pp. xx, 59 note 9, 2.iii.4-12; Greenblatt, pp. 336-8.

  14 Southwell, p. 8 note; McCoog, p. 265; Goldsmith, 5.200-202; J. Wright, pp. 132, 135, 147.

  15 Weston, p. 28 note.

  16 McCoog, pp. 62-3; Patterson, p. 93 note; Tyacke, pp. 22, 223, 733, 866, 888.

  17 Brock, pp. 1, 49, 54-5, 237; Hastings, pp. 97, 225, 227.

  18 Sewell, pp. 170-75; The Daily Telegraph, 5 March 1998; Philanglus, p. 851; Curse, pp. i, iv, 37.

  19 The Times, 18 January 2005; Downing Street Press Office, 15 October 2004; The Herald, 4 June 2001; The Guardian, 15 January 2005.

  20 Sewell, pp. 2-3; E. Waugh, Brideshead, p. 105.

  21 Cecil, p. 36.

  22 Tesimond, p. 154; S.P. Domestic 14/xx/11.

  23 Tierney, III, p. clxi note.

  AUTHOR’S NOTES

  1 Los Angeles Times, 8 November 2001; Bond, pp. 43-53.

  2 C.R.S. 60, pp. 160-601.

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