Theodore Roosevelt Abroad
Page 25
34. Ibid., 42–44.
35. Ibid., 55–60.
36. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
37. Jusserand to TR, May 10, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
38. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
39. TR to Carnegie, April 22, 1910, Volume 176, Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress.
40. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
41. Lodge to TR, July 26, 1908, in Lodge, Selections from the Correspondence of Henry Cabot Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt, 309.
42. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
43. Viscount Lee of Fareham, “A Good Innings and a Great Partnership: Being the Life Story of Arthur and Ruth Lee,” 3 vols. (Privately Printed, 1939), 1: 418.
44. Algemeen Hardlsblad, April 30, 1910, quoted in Sayings of Social Wisdom by Theodore Roosevelt (The Hague, 1910), 7.
45. Abbott, Impressions of Theodore Roosevelt, 239.
46. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
47. Ibid.
48. Roosevelt to Lodge, May 5, 1910, in Morrison, Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, 7: 80.
7 Peace Emissary
1. Roosevelt to Lodge, May 5, 1910, in Morison, Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, 7: 81.
2. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
3. Ibid.
4. Roosevelt, African and European Addresses, 78–83.
5. Carnegie to Hill, June 12, 1907, in Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, 2 vols. (New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1932), 2: 299.
6. Carnegie to TR, February 14, 1907, in Hendrick, Andrew Carnegie, 2: 310.
7. Carnegie to Tower, January 23, 1907, in Hendrick, Andrew Carnegie, 2: 311.
8. Hendrick, Andrew Carnegie, 2: 314–15.
9. Cecil, Wilhelm II, 1: 137.
10. November 19, 1908, in Abbott, Letters of Archie Butt, 184. 11. August 26, 1908, Transcript of Hale Interview, Northcliffe Add. Ms 62299, British Library.
12. TR to Lee, October 17, 1908, Series 2, Reel 351, TRP; Oscar King Davis, Released for Publication: Some Inside Political History of Theodore Roosevelt and His Times (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1925), 81; B. L. Raymond Esthus, Theodore Roosevelt and the International Rivalries (Waltham, MA: Ginn Blaisdell, 1970), 126–30.
13. Davis, Released for Publication, 82.
14. Ibid., 83–85, Though TR helped keep it out of the Times, an excerpt was printed in the November 22, 1908, New York World. 15. TR to Lee, October 17, 1908, Series 2, Reel 351, TRP.
16. Root to Carnegie, April 3, 1909, Volume 164, Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress.
17. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
18. For the latest judgment on their relations, see David Fromkin, The King and the Cowboy: Theodore Roosevelt and Edward the Seventh, Secret Partners (New York: Penguin, 2008).
19. Spring Rice to TR, CASR 9/1, Spring Rice Papers, Churchill College Archive, Cambridge.
20. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. 21. Ibid.
22. For comment on the Willy-Teddy relationship which includes the 1910 trip see, Ragnhild Fiebig-von Hase, “The Uses of ‘Friendship’: The ‘Personal Regime’ of Wilhelm II and Theodore Roosevelt, 1901–1909,” in Annika Mombauer and Wilhelm Diest, eds., The Kaiser: New Research on Wilhelm II’s role Imperial Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 143–75.
23. Viscount Lee of Fareham, “A Good Innings,” 1: 418.
24. Abbott, Impressions of Theodore Roosevelt, 248–51.
25. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
26. Henry Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1931), 365.
27. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Roosevelt, African and European Addresses, xxviii–xxix.
35. Roosevelt, Literary Essays, 61–70.
36. Ibid., 70–71.
37. Ibid., 71–72.
38. Ibid., 72–81.
39. Ibid., 81–84.
40. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
41. Ibid.
42. Butt, Taft and Roosevelt, 1: 348.
8 Last Rites: England
1. The Park Lane house was pulled down in the 1920s to make way for the Dorchester Hotel.
2. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. This long account of the English visit was composed, TR wrote Gray, “to meet the request you so solemnly made ‘In the name of the Gods of Mirth and Truth.’ ” Gray was a New York lawyer and journalist whom TR had known for some time. Roosevelt said of him, “I always find something companionable in a man who cares both for the outside of a horse and the inside of a book.” TR to Kermit Roosevelt, Series 2, Reel 349, TRP.
3. Robert Wynne to TR, May 6, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
4. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
5. Ibid. TR described Cromer as “the most wonderful personality he had ever met.” Allan Nevins, Henry White: Thirty Years of American Diplomacy (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1930), 302.
6. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
7. Ibid. Arthur Lee, who served in Lloyd George’s Cabinet during World War I, arranged a meeting and recalled that TR said of the Welshman, “That man is by far the most interesting, and I should say the most dangerous, of all your politicians. He is an incalculable force for the f u t u r e . ” “A Good Innings,” 1: 427–8.
8. Daily News, May 13, 1910.
9. Carnegie to TR, May 13, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
10. Carnegie to TR, May 14, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
11. Reid to TR, May 10, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
12. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. 13. Ibid. The young man in question was the grandson of George V, King of Hanover, who was dethroned in 1866 when Prussia took control of the state. From the arrival of George I until 1837, when Queen Victoria took the British throne, the Kings of England had also ruled Hanover. Its Salic Law, however, did not allow a woman to inherit and Hanover was divided from the English crown. Thirty-three years later it became part of the new German Empire.
14. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. 15. Kenneth Rose, King George V (London: Frank Cass, 1984), 76–7. 16. May 25, 1910 Diary, ESHR 2/12, Esher Papers, Churchill College Archive, Cambridge. The royal insider Lord Esher also recorded that, three days after the funeral, at Wilhelm’s request, the two had spent forty minutes “clambering over the Queen’s memorial” in front of Buckingham Palace, in very TR-like fashion.
17. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. 18. Ibid.
19. Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, 370.
20. Butt, Taft and Roosevelt, 1: 428–29.
21. Lee, “A Good Innings,” 1: 421.
22. Lee to TR, July 7, 1910, Series 1, Reel 92, TRP.
23. Lee, “A Good Innings,” 1: 421.
24. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. For the latest judgment on Balfour, see R. J. Q. Adams, Balfour: The Last Grandee (London: John Murray, 2007). The sportsman Lyttelton, considered one of the most handsome men of his generation, had been colonial secretary under Balfour and was equally sympathetic with TR’s view of Britain’s imperial responsibilities. The same was true of the witty and charming Fred Oliver, the “gentleman draper” and noted biographer of Alexander Hamilton who used the fortune he made at Debenham and Freebody in support of imperial causes.
25. Lee, “A Good Innings,” 1: 422.
2
6. Morris, Edith Kermit Roosevelt, 360.
27. Lee to TR, July 7, 1910, Series 1, Reel 92, TRP.
28. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
29. Ibid.
30. “Conditions of Success,” An Address at the Cambridge Union, May 26, 1910, in Roosevelt, African and European Addresses, 143–54.
31. To aid his preparation, Whitelaw Reid had sent TR previous addresses by Wilhelm II and President Grant.
32. “British Rule in Africa,” Address Delivered at the Guildhall, London, May 31, 1910, in Roosevelt, African and European Addresses, 157–60.
33. Ibid., 160–63.
34. Ibid., 163.
35. Ibid., 163–66.
36. Ibid., 167–69.
37. Ibid., 169–70.
38. Ibid., 171–72.
39. Lee, “A Good Innings,” 1: 425–26. Ruth Lee recorded in her diary that “T. R. moved and spoke with great dignity and with astonishing courage and reality. He looked so young too, and so tousle-headed in spite of the fact that Arthur had brushed his hair most carefully for him before starting from Chesterfield Street.”
40. Morley to Carnegie, June 19, 1910, Volume 177, Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress.
41. Daily News, June 1, 1910.
42. Whitelaw Reid reported to the U.S. secretary of state, Philander Knox, that he knew confidentially that Grey was equally pleased, but “under more necessity to conceal it” and was sure to take up the same line in the House of Commons when the subject came up. In fact he thought Grey would have been happy to have had the opportunity to “say the same thing first”; but since he didn’t Reid believed he was glad “to have such a powerful impression made in advance on the public mind by way of preparation for the Government’s approaching change of attitude.” Quoted in Royal Cortissoz, The Life of Whitelaw Reid, 2 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1921), 2: 417–18.
43. Quoted in Abbott, Impressions of Roosevelt, 159–60.
44. Mellini, Gorst, n. 73, 292.
45. Mellini, Gorst, 215–16.
46. G. M. Trevelyan to Spring Rice, CASR 1/22, Spring Rice Papers, Churchill College Archive, Cambridge.
47. Quoted in O’Laughlin, From the Jungle through Europe with Roosevelt, 170.
48. “Biological Analogies in History,” in Roosevelt, Literary Essays, 55–56.
49. Ibid., 57–59.
50. Osborn, Impressions of Great Naturalists, 265.
51. TR to Sir Martin Conway, November 6, 1908, Series 2, Reel 352, TRP.
52. Reid to Mrs. Taft, June 10, 1910, in David R. Contosta and Jessica R. Hawthorne, eds., Rise to World Power: Selected Letters of Whitelaw Reid 1895–1912 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1986), 147.
53. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
54. These are listed in TR’s published account, “English Song Birds,” The Outlook, July 23, 1910.
55. Address at Harvard University, 8 December 1919.
56. Morris, Edith Kermit Roosevelt, 360.
57. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
58. Lee, “A Good Innings,” 1939), 1: 428.
59. Taft to TR, May 26, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
60. TR to Taft, June 8, 1910, in Morison, Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, 7: 88–89.
9 The Old Lion Is Dead: Epilogue and Dramatis Personae
1. Abbott, Letters of Archie Butt, 374–75.
2. For this, see Candice Millard, River of Doubt: Theodore Roosevelt’s Darkest Journey (New York: Doubleday, 2005).
3. Osborn, Impressions of Great Naturalists, 269. The scientific value of the specimens is also revealed in papers written by Mearns, Heller and others published between 1910 and 1914 in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 54, 56, 60 and 61. For further analysis, see also Ned Hollister, East African Mammals in the United States National Museum (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1918–24).
4. The latest edition was published in 2001 by the Cooper Square Press with an introduction by the TR biographer H. W. Brands.
5. “The Roosevelts in Africa,” The Outlook, December 17, 1910, 865.
6. New York Times, February 7, 1913.
7. Sydney Brook s, “W hat Europe Think s of Roosevelt,” McClure’s Magazine 35, 5 (July 1910), 271–72.
8. Curzon to TR, June 28, 1910, Series 1, Reel 92, TRP.
9. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. 10. Betty Boyd Caroli, The Roosevelt Women (New York: Basic Books, 1998), 356.
11. Michael Teague, Mrs. L: Conversations with Alice Roosevelt Longworth (New York: Doubleday & Company, 1981), 150.
12. For this see Larry L. Fabian, Andrew Carnegie’s Peace Endowment: The Tycoon, The President, and Their Bargain of 1910 (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for Peace, 1985).
13. Peter Krass, Carnegie (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2002), 514. 14. “A Good Innings,” 1: 427–28.
15. Miller, Gifford Pinchot and the Making of Modern Environmentalism, 247.
Selected Bibliography
Primary Sources
Manuscript Collections Consulted
Asquith Papers, Bodleian Library, Oxford University
Balfour Papers, British Library, London
Campbell-Bannerman Papers, British Library, London
Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress
Churchill Papers, Churchill College Archive, Cambridge
Cromer Papers, National Archive and Private Collection, London Curzon Papers, British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections,
London
James R. Garfield Papers, Library of Congress
Harcourt Papers, Bodleian Library, Oxford
Heller Papers, Smithsonian Archive
Kitchener Papers, National Archive, Kew
Lloyd George Papers, Parliamentary Record Office, London
Lord Lee of Fareham Papers, Courtauld Institute, London
Loring Papers, Smithsonian Archive
Mearns Papers, Smithsonian Archive
Morley Papers, British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections, London National Museum of Natural History, Division of Mammals Papers,
Smithsonian Archive
National Zoological Park Papers, Smithsonian Archive
Northcliffe Papers, British Library, London
Office of the Secretary Papers, Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian
Archive
O’Laughlin Papers, Library of Congress
Pinchot Papers, Library of Congress
Riddell Diaries, British Library, London
Roberts Papers, National Army Museum, London
Kermit Roosevelt Papers, Library of Congress
Theodore Roosevelt Papers, Library of Congress, Harvard University,
Smithsonian Archive
Root Papers, Library of Congress
Spring Rice Papers, Churchill College Archive, Cambridge University Strachey Papers, Parliamentary Record Office, London
Oscar Straus Papers, Library of Congress
Taft Papers, Library of Congress
Walcott Papers, Smithsonian Archive
White Papers, Library of Congress
Wister Papers, Library of Congress
Newspapers and Periodicals
Daily Mail (London)
Daily News (London)
Evening News (London)
The Globe (London)
The Gownsman (Cambridge)
The Leader of British East Africa (Nairobi) The National Review (London)
The New York Evening Post
The New York Times
The New York World
The North American Review
The Spectator (London)
The Times (London)
The Washington Post
Collections of Printed Primary Documents
Abbott, Lawrence, ed. The Letters of Archie Butt: Personal Aide to President Roosevelt. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1924.
B
rett, Maurice, ed. Journals and Letters of Reginald Viscount Esher. London: Ivor Nicholson & Watson Limited, 1938.
Butt, Archibald. Taf t and Roosevelt: The Intimate Letters of Archie Butt Military Aide. 2 vols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1930.
Clark, Alan, ed. “A Good Innings”: The Private Papers of Viscount Lee of Fareham. London: John Murray, 1974.
Contosta, David, R. and Jessica R. Hawthorne, eds. Rise to World Power: Selected Letters of Whitelaw Reid 1895–1912. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1986.
Cowles, Anna Roosevelt. Letters from Theodore Roosevelt to Anna Roosevelt Cowles 1870–1918. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1924.
Ford, Worthington Chauncey, ed. Letters of Henry Adams. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930–38.
Kerr, Joan Paterson. A Bully Father: Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children. New York: Random House, 1995.
Lodge, Henry Cabot. Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925.
Morison, Elting, ed. The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt. Vols. VI and VII. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1952, 1954.
Roosevelt, Theodore. African and European Addresses. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1910.
———. Literary Essays. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926.
Vincent, John. The Crawford Papers: The Journals of David Lindsay, TwentySeventh Earl of Crawford and Tenth Earl Balcarres 1871–1940 during the Years 1892–1940. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984.
Memoirs and Autobiographies
Abbott, Lawrence F. Impressions of Theodore Roosevelt. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1919.
Akeley, Carl. In Brightest Africa. Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing, 1920.
Asquith, Herbert Henry. Memories and Reflections 1852–1927. Boston: Little, Brown, 1928.
Burroughs, John. Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1907.
Buxton, Edward North. Two African Trips. London: Edward Stanford, 1902.
Churchill, Winston. My African Journey. London: Hodder and Stoughtom, 1908. Reprint: Holland Press, 1962.
Cromer, Lord. Modern Egypt. 2 vols. London: John Murray, 1908.
Davis, Oscar King. Released for Publication: Some Inside Political History of Theodore Roosevelt and His Times. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1925.