J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets
Page 111
4. Ungar, FBI, 77.
5. Thomas McDade and William Sullivan interviews.
6. Melvin Purvis, American Agent (New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1936), 24.
7. Ibid., 2.
8. Ibid., 18.
9. Toland, Dillinger, 285.
10. Ibid., 286.
11. Milton S. Meyer, “Myths of the G-Men,” Forum, Sept. 1935.
12. Toland, Dillinger, 321.
13. WP clipping, n.d. (probably 1934).
14. De Toledano, Hoover, 123; Purvis, Agent, 275-76; Toland, Dillinger, 322-25.
15. New Yorker, Sept. 25, 1937.
16. WP clipping, n.d. (probably 1934).
17. Whitehead, FBI Story, 106.
18. Toland, Dillinger, 338.
19. NYT, Oct. 25, 1934.
20. NYT, July 13, 1935.
21. NYT, Feb. 6, 1938.
22. Richard Gid Powers, G-Men: Hoover’s FBI in American Popular Culture (Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1983), 130-31.
CHAPTER 14: A Problem of Identity (Pages 178-88)
1. Drew Pearson, Diaries, 1949-1959, ed. Tyler Abell (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974), 284. NYT, Aug. 29, 1934.
2. Whitehead, FBI Story, 101.
3. New Yorker, Sept. 25, 1937.
4. NYT, July 10, 1935.
5. Hoover, Persons, xvii-xviii.
6. Louis Nichols interview.
7. “The Case of Dashiell Hammett,” PBS-TV, March 19, 1983.
8. Edward Tamm interview.
9. JEH testimony, House Appropriations Subcommittee, Dec. 18, 1934.
10. JEH memo to AG (Cummings), May 23, 1935.
11. Whitehead, FBI Story, 111.
12. Francis Biddle, In Brief Authority (New York: Doubleday, 1967), 263.
13. Ibid., 264.
14. JEH testimony, Senate Appropriations Subcommittee, April 11, 1936.
15. Alvin Karpis and Bill Trent, The Alvin Karpis Story (New York: Berkley Medallion Books, 1971), 13.
16. JEH testimony, Senate Appropriations Subcommittee, April 11, 1936.
17. Powers, G-Men, 132, 144, 147.
18. Pearson, Diaries, 284.
19. JEH testimony Senate.
20. De Toledano, Hoover, 132.
21. Richard Drinnon and Anna Maria Drinnon, eds., Nowhere at Home: Letters from Exile of Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman (New York: Schocken Books, 1975), 208.
22. JEH memo to Asst. AG Joseph B. Kennan, May 4, 1934.
23. Drinnon, Rebel, 279.
CHAPTER 15: The Man Who Came to Dinner (Pages 189-97)
1. Whitehead, FBI Story, 120.
2. Charles Appel interview.
3. Whitehead, FBI Story, 336.
4. Ramsey Clark interview.
5. Alan Belmont, Robert Wick, and Robert Hendon interviews.
6. Appel interview.
7. Tamm interview.
8. Belmont interview.
9. Courtney Evans interview.
10. Baldwin interview.
11. David Wise, The American Police State: The Government against the People (New York: Random House, 1976), 276.
12. New York Evening Journal, May 2, 1936.
13. NYT, May 4, 1936.
14. NYT, May 13, 1936.
15. New Yorker, Oct. 2, 1937.
16. OC no. 65; Whitehead, FBI Story, 335-36.
17. Thomas McDade interview with Alvin Karpis, Malaga, and Spain, 1978, as recounted to the author; McDade, “Delayed Encounter,” Mystery Writer’s Annual, 1979, 6.
18. Karpis and Trent, Story, 10, 202-3, 222-23.
19. Newsweek, Dec. 26, 1936.
20. NYT, Dec. 15-17 and 20, 1936.
21. NYT, Dec. 17, 1936.
22. NYT, Dec. 16, 1936.
23. New Yorker, Oct. 9, 1937.
CHAPTER 16: Coup d’Etat (Pages 201-11)
1. Most of the statements by Butler, French, and MacGuire can be found in the hearings of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, Investigation of Nazi Propaganda Activities and Investigation of Certain Other Propaganda Activities, 73d Cong., 2d sess., 1934, and the House Committee on Un-American Activities, Investigation of Nazi and Other Propaganda, 74th Cong., 1st sess., 1935, House Rep. 153. Other sources on the “Butler affair” and the American Liberty League include Gilbert Seldes, Witch Hunt: The Technique and Profits of Redbaiting (New York: Modern Age Books, 1940), 259-67; Albert E. Kahn, High Treason: The Plot against the People (New York: Lear, 1950), 196-204; Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Age of Roosevelt, vol. 3, The Politics of Upheaval (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960), 82-83; and Gerard Colby Zilg, Du Pont: Behind the Nylon Curtain (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974), 292-98.
2. House Committee on Un-American Activities, Investigation of…Propaganda.
3. JEH memo, May 10, 1934; Church, vol. 6, 558.
4. JEH memo to field offices, May 10, 1934; Church, vol. 6, 559.
5. Schlesinger, Politics, 23.
6. Stanley I. Kutler, The American Inquisition: Justice and Injustice in the Cold War (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982), 136.
7. JEH memo, Aug. 24, 1936; Church, bk. III, 393-94; Church, vol. 6, 561.
8. JEH memo, Aug. 25, 1936; Church, bk. III, 394.
9. De Toledano, Hoover, 152.
10. Ibid.
11. Tamm to JEH, Aug. 28, 1936; Church, vol. 6, 562-63.
12. JEH to field offices, Sept. 5, 1936; Church, bk. III, 396.
13. JEH to Tamm, Sept. 10, 1936; Church, bk. III, 396.
14. JEH to Reeves, May 14, 1925.
15. Church, bk. III, 399.
16. JEH memo, enclosed with letter from AG Murphy to FDR, Oct. 10, 1938; Church, bk. III, 398, 400.
17. Asst. AG Kennan to AG, Feb. 7, 1939; Church, bk. III, 400.
18. JEH to AG, Feb. 7, 1939; Church, bk. III, 401.
19. JEH to Tamm, attached to letter from Col. J. M. Churchill, Army G-2, May 16, 1939; Church, bk. II, 34.
20. AG to FDR, June 6, 1939; Church, bk. III, 402.
21. FDR to department heads, June 26, 1939; Church, bk. III, 403.
22. JEH to AG, Sept. 6, 1939; Church, bk. III, 404.
23. Tamm memo, Sept. 6, 1939; Church, bk. III, 406; Church, vol. 6, 571-76.
24. Statement of the president (FDR), Sept. 6, 1939; Church, bk. III, 404.
25. NYT, Oct. 1, 1939.
CHAPTER 17: Smear (Pages 212-24)
1. Whitehead, FBI Story, 170.
2. Church, bk. II, 29.
3. Frank J. Donner, The Age of Surveillance: The Aims and Methods of America’s Political Intelligence System (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980), 60.
4. JEH testimony, House Appropriations Subcommittee, Nov. 30, 1939.
5. JEH to SACs, Sept. 2 and Dec. 6, 1939; JEH to Tamm, Nov. 9, 1939.
6. CR, Jan. 1, 1940.
7. CR, Feb. 27, 1940.
8. NYT, Jan. 15, 1940.
9. New Republic, March 11, 1940.
10. J. Woodford Howard, Jr., Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1968), 220.
11. O’Leary interview.
12. WP, Feb. 2, 1940.
13. WTH, Feb. 28, 1940.
14. NYDN, Feb. 28, 1940.
15. Demaris, Director, 9.
16. Ibid., 8.
17. NYP, Oct. 9, 1959.
18. Allen interview.
19. Ernest Cuneo interview.
20. NYT, May 12, 1954.
21. OC no. 162.
22. Walter Winchell, Winchell Exclusive, introd. by Ernest Cuneo (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975), 135.
23. Cuneo interview; Winchell Exclusive, 134-48; Bob Thomas, Winchell (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971), 151-53; Whitehead, FBI Story, 110.
24. NYT, Aug. 25, 1939.
25. NYT, Aug. 27, 1939.
26. Cuneo interview.
27. JEH to Watson (FDR), March 15, 1941.
28. Whitehead, FBI Story, 341.
29. William W. Turner, Hoover’s FBI: The Men and the Myth (Los Angeles
: Sherbourne Press, 1970), 141.
30. De Toledano, Hoover, 148.
31. New Republic, March 11, 1940.
32. Nichols interview.
33. Elliott Roosevelt and James Brough, A Rendezvous with Destiny: The Roosevelts of the White House (New York: Putnam’s, 1975), 236.
34. Nation’s Business, Jan. 1972.
35. Tamm interview.
36. Biddle, Brief 166.
37. De Toledano, Hoover, 160.
38. New Republic, March 11, 1940.
39. Whitehead, FBI Story, 180.
CHAPTER 18: Roosevelt Calls In His Due Bills (Pages 225-38)
1. Stephen Early (FDR) to JEH, May 18, 1940.
2. FDR to Early, May 21, 1940; Early to JEH, May 23 and 29, 1940.
3. Rexford G. Tugwell, The Democratic Roosevelt: A Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1957), 570-71.
4. FDR to Watson, June 12, 1940.
5. FDR to JEH, June 14, 1940.
6. JEH to FDR, June 18, 1940.
7. Wayne S. Cole, America First: The Battle against Intervention, 1940-41 (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1953), 144.
8. Oliver Pilat, Drew Pearson: An Unauthorized Biography (New York: Harper’s Magazine Press, 1973), 9.
9. OC no. 161.
10. Tamm interview.
11. R. J. C. Butow, “The FDR Tapes,” American Heritage, Feb./March 1982.
12. Tamm interview.
13. New York Star, Sept. 28, 1948.
14. Athan G. Theoharis and John Stuart Cox, Boss: J. Edgar Hoover and the Great American Inquisition (Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press, 1988), 114-15.
15. Ted Morgan, FDR: A Biography (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985), 523.
16. JEH to Watson (FDR), Feb. 8, 1941.
17. Berle, Brief 297.
18. Powers, Secrecy, 268-69; Theoharis and Cox, Boss, 168.
19. JEH to L. M. C. Smith, chief neutrality unit, Nov. 18, 1940.
20. JEH memo, April 11, 1940.
21. Neil J. Welch and David W. Marston, Inside Hoover’s FBI (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1984), 200.
22. Sullivan interview; Ungar, FBI, 443.
23. Whitehead, FBI Story, 154.
24. Federal Communications Act, 47 U.S.C. 605.
25. Nardone v. United States 308 U.S. 339 (1939).
26. Morris Ernst, “Why I No Longer Fear the FBI,” Reader’s Digest, Dec. 1950.
27. Morgenthau diaries, vol. 3, May 20, 1940.
28. FDR to AG Jackson, May 21, 1940.
29. Biddle, Brief, 167.
30. Ibid.
31. JEH memo, May 28, 1940; OC no. 163.
32. Frank Donner, “Electronic Surveillance: The National Security Game,” CLR, Summer 1975.
33. Philip Elman interview.
34. Robert H. Jackson, The Supreme Court in the American System of Government (New York: Harper Torchbook, 1963), 70-71.
35. Walter Trohan, Political Animals: Memoirs of a Sentimental Critic (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1956), 406.
36. Adolf Augustus Berle, Navigating the Rapids, 1918-1971: From the Papers of Adolf A. Berle (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973), 298.
37. Morris Ernst interview.
38. David Kraslow notes on a meeting with JEH, Oct. 13, 1971.
39. Baldwin interview.
40. Ernst to Nichols, Sept. 21, 1950.
41. Ernst to CT, Sept. 29, 1948.
42. Ernst to JEH, Nov. 29, 1948.
43. Ernst to JEH, Jan. 20, 1948.
44. Ernst to JEH, July 12, 1949.
45. Ernst to JEH, Nov. 25, 1949.
46. Ernst to JEH, June 4, 1953.
47. Manchester Guardian, April 3, 1956.
48. Nichols memo, Dec. 19, 1952.
49. Nichols to Ernst, Dec. 2, 1954.
50. Nichols to Ernst, April 4, 1956.
51. Manchester Guardian, April 3, 1956.
52. Baldwin interview.
53. Aryeh Neier, “Adhering to Principle: Lessons from the 1950s,” CLR, Nov./Dec. 1977.
54. Harrison E. Salisbury, “The Strange Correspondence of Morris Ernst and J. Edgar Hoover, 1939-1964,” Nation, Dec. 1, 1984.
55. Peggy Lamson, Roger Baldwin, Founder of the American Civil Liberties Union: A Portrait (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976), 261-62.
56. Drinnon, Rebel, 300.
57. Saul D. Alinsky, John L. Lewis (New York: Putnam’s 1949), 187.
58. JEH to Early (FDR), Oct. 31, 1940.
59. JEH to FDR, Nov. 6, 1940.
CHAPTER 19: The View from the Balcony (Pages 239-73)
1. OC no. 108.
2. OC no. 113.
3. De Toledano, Hoover, 148.
4. JEH to AG Jackson, March 12, 1941.
5. Michael Wreszin, “The Dies Committee, 1938,” in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., and Roger Bruns, eds., Congress Investigates: A Documentary History, 1792-1974, vol. 4 (New York: Chelsea House, 1975), 2949.
6. Transcript of president’s conference with Martin Dies, Nov. 29, 1940.
7. Biddle, Brief, 164.
8. Ibid., 256.
9. Ibid., 258.
10. Ibid., 258-60.
11. Ibid., 261.
12. Ibid., 259.
13. Ibid., 257.
14. Ibid., 258-59.
15. De Toledano, Hoover, 161.
16. Biddle, Brief, 167-68.
17. AG Biddle to JEH, Nov. 19, 1942.
18. AG to Asst. AG Cox and JEH, July 16, 1943.
19. Biddle, Brief 300.
20. Former special agent.
21. St. Clair McKelway, “Some Fun with the FBI,” New Yorker, Oct. 11, 1941.
22. Biddle, Brief 166.
23. Ibid., 182-83.
24. Berle, Rapids, 321.
25. Cuneo interview; H. Montgomery Hyde, Room 3603: The Story of the British Intelligence Center in New York during World War II (New York: Ballantine Books, 1977), 28-29; William Stevenson, A Man Called Intrepid: The Secret War (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976), 79-80.
26. AG Biddle to FDR, Dec. 22, 1941.
27. William C. Sullivan with Bill Brown. The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover’s FBI (New York: W. W. Norton, 1979), 184.
28. Dunlop, Donovan, 280.
29. Hyde, Room, 169.
30. Stevenson, Intrepid, 250.
31. Ibid., 244.
32. Lovell, Spies, 217.
33. Leonard Mosley, Dulles: A Biography of Eleanor, Allen, and John Foster Dulles and Their Family Network (New York: Dell, 1978), 140-41.
34. Ibid.
35. Cuneo interview.
36. Donald Downes, The Scarlet Thread: Adventures in Wartime Espionage (London: Derek Verschoyle, 1953), 87.
37. Berle, Rapids, 400-402.
38. Cuneo interview.
39. Stevenson, Intrepid, 163-64.
40. J. C. Masterman, The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939 to 1945 (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1972), 196-98; John F. Bratzel and Leslie B. Rout, Jr., “Pearl Harbor, Microdots, and J. Edgar Hoover,” American Historical Review, Dec. 1982.
41. Masterman, Double-Cross, 80.
42. Former special agent.
43. Dusko Popov, Spy Counter-Spy (Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett, 1975), 6.