J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets
Page 112
44. JEH to Watson (FDR), Sept. 3, 1941.
45. J. Edgar Hoover, “The Enemy’s Masterpiece of Deception,” Reader’s Digest, April 1946.
46. Hyde, Room, 89-90.
47. Stevenson, Intrepid, 176, 278; Cuneo interview.
CHAPTER 20: “Listen!” (Pages 277-97)
1. Tamm and Hendon interviews; Whitehead, FBI Story, 182.
2. JEH to Early (FDR), Dec. 12, 1941.
3. Pearson, Diaries, 91-92.
4. Whitehead, FBI Story, 207.
5. Ibid., 343.
6. “The Negro in the FBI,” Ebony, Sept. 29, 1962.
7. Sullivan, Bureau, 124.
8. Norman Ollestad, Inside the FBI (New York: Lyle Stuart, 1967), 163-65.
9. Sullivan interview; Sullivan, Bureau, 33-34.
10. Church, bk. II, 145.
11. James Bamford, The Puzzle Palace: A Report on America’s Most Secret Agency (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982), 246.
12. Church, bk. III, 642.
13. Ibid., 638.
14. Ibid., 145.
15. William Turner, in LAT, Aug. 25, 1973.
16. Newsweek, July 28, 1975.
17. Belmont interview.
18. Sullivan interview; former headquarters official.
19. Church, vol. 2, 113, 279.
20. Donner, Age, 130-31.
21. Ibid., 132.
22. JEH testimony, House Appropriations Subcommittee, Feb. 1, 1956.
23. Ramsey Clark interview; Horace Hampton deposition, Halperin suit.
24. William Turner, “I Was a Burglar, Wiretapper, Bugger, and Spy for the FBI,” Ramparts, Nov. 1966; Turner, FBI, 318.
25. Ollestad, Bureau, 262.
26. OC no. 153.
27. Morgan, FDR, 684.
28. Biddle, Brief, 327.
29. Ibid.
30. Sullivan, Bureau, 183.
31. George J. Dasch, Eight Spies against America (New York: Robert M. McBride, 1959), 22.
32. Dasch, Spies, 131.
33. JEH to McIntyre (FDR), June 22, 1942.
34. JEH to Watson (FDR), June 16, 1942; JEH to McIntyre (FDR), June 22 and 27, 1942.
35. NYDN, June 29, 1942.
36. NYT, June 29, 1942.
37. Biddle, Brief, 328.
38. Ibid., 336.
39. Presidential statement, Aug. 8, 1942.
40. NYDN, Nov. 8, 1945.
41. JEH to Hopkins (FDR), Aug. 19, 1944.
42. Corson, Armies, 206-7.
43. Donovan to AG Biddle, Jan. 10, 1942.
44. Downes, Scarlet, 95.
45. Mosley, Dulles, 129, 141.
46. JEH to Watson (FDR), March 7, 1944.
47. Berle to JEH, Sept. 17, 1946; Cuneo interview.
48. NYT, Nov. 14, 1945.
CHAPTER 21: The FBI Director, the First Lady, and Other Matters (Pages 298-318)
1. JEH to Watson (FDR), Jan. 24, 1941.
2. JEH to ER, Jan. 24, 1941.
3. ER to JEH, Jan. 26, 1941.
4. JEH to ER, Jan. 27, 1941.
5. Morgenthau diaries, vol. 353, Sept. 21, 1941.
6. G. Gordon Liddy, Will (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1980), 83.
7. Ibid.
8. Nichols interview.
9. Sullivan interview.
10. JEH to Hopkins (FDR), Jan. 25, 1944.
11. Sullivan, Bureau, 37.
12. Ibid.
13. Tamm interview.
14. Joseph P. Lash, Love, Eleanor: Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Friends (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1982), 122.
15. Walter Goodman, The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1968), 81.
16. Former special agent.
17. Goodman, Committee, 83.
18. Joseph Lash, Eleanor Roosevelt: A Friend’s Memoir (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1964), 282.
19. Lash, Love, 465.
20. Ibid., 470.
21. Ibid., 476.
22. Ibid., 481-82.
23. Ibid., 487-88.
24. Donald S. Lamm interview.
25. Lash, Love, 493.
26. JEH to Wallace, Oct. 23, 1942.
27. JEH to AG Biddle, May 3, 1943.
28. R. B. Hood to JEH, Feb. 4, 1944.
29. JEH notation on ER newspaper column dated July 14, 1951.
30. SFC, Sept. 6, 1983.
31. Tamm interview.
32. Marquis Childs, Witness to Power (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975), 16-17.
33. Morgan, FDR, 679.
34. Ibid.; Tamm interview.
35. JEH memo, Jan. 29, 1945.
36. Tamm interview.
37. Sullivan interview.
38. Morgan, FDR, 680-81.
39. Childs, Witness, 17.
40. JEH to Watson (FDR), Oct. 24, 1942.
41. OC no. 157.
42. Morgan, FDR, 684.
43. Sullivan interview.
44. Morris Ernst interview.
45. OC no. 87.
46. JEH to Hopkins (FDR), Feb. 10, 1944.
47. JEH to Biddle, Feb. 12, 1944.
48. Brown, Donovan, 424.
49. Ibid., 159.
50. John Ranelagh, The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA, from Wild Bill Donovan to William Casey (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986), 97.
51. Brown, Donovan, 159.
52. Ibid., 792.
53. WTH, NYDN, and CTRIB, Feb. 9, 1945.
54. Brown, Donovan, 631.
55. Ibid., 632.
56. Ibid., 633.
57. Frank Brooks Bielaski testimony, U.S. Senate, Subcommittee of the Committee on Foreign Relations, Hearings re A Resolution to Investigate Whether There Are Employees in the State Department Disloyal to the United States (also known as the Tydings committee), 81st Cong., 2d sess., 1950.
58. Bielaski testimony, Tydings committee; Earl Latham, Communist Controversy in Washington: From the New Deal to McCarthy (New York: Atheneum, 1969), 205.
59. De Toledano, Hoover, 141.
60. Brown, Donovan, 735.
61. Joseph P. Lash, Eleanor and Franklin: The Story of Their Relationship, Based on Eleanor Roosevelt’s Private Papers (New York: W. W. Norton, 1971), 721.
62. Harry S Truman, Memoirs, vol. 1, Year of Decisions (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1955), 4-5.
63. Robert J. Donovan, Conflict and Crisis: The Presidency of Harry S Truman, 1945-1948 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), 8.
64. Dunlop, Donovan, 465.
65. Nichols interview.
CHAPTER 22: A Case of Somewhat Rancid Morals (Pages 321-37)
1. Sullivan, Bureau, 38.
2. JEH to Vaughan (HST), April 23, 1945.
3. Vaughan to JEH, April 23, 1945.
4. Biddle, Brief, 365.
5. Merle Miller, Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman (New York: Berkley, 1974), 225-26.
6. Elman interview.
7. Tom Clark interview.
8. Demaris, Director, 126-27.
9. Ibid., 128.
10. Tom Clark interview.
11. Brown, Donovan, 782.
12. Tom Braden, “The Birth of the CIA,” American Heritage, Feb. 1977.
13. Corson, Armies, 247.
14. HST to Donovan, Sept. 20, 1945.
15. Memo for the president (HST), Oct. 22, 1945.
16. Harold Smith notes, May 11 and 17, July 6, and Sept. 5, 1945; Robert J. Donovan, Conflict and Crisis (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), 174.
17. Demaris, Director, 107.
18. Ibid., 107-8.
19. Ungar, FBI, 392.
20. Ramsey Clark interview.
21. William Hundley as quoted in Demaris, Director, 142.
22. Ungar, FBI, 393.
23. Leonard Katz, Uncle Frank: The Autobiography of Frank Costello (New York: Pocket Books, 1975), 274-75.
24. Ibid.
25. Allen interview.
26. John Cooney, The Annenbergs: The Salvaging of a Tainted Dynasty (New York: Si
mon & Schuster, 1982), 69.
27. Pearson, Diaries, 468.
28. Thomas, Winchell, 194.
29. OC no. 139.
30. Victor S. Navasky, Kennedy Justice (New York: Atheneum, 1971), 18-19.
31. Tamm interview.
32. Demaris, Director, 87-88.
CHAPTER 23: Chief Justice Hoover (Pages 338-59)
1. Latham, Communist Controversy, 213.
2. Donovan, Conflict and Crisis, 64.
3. Latham, Communist Controversy, 214.
4. Ungar, FBI, 62.
5. Philip J. Jaffe, The Rise and Fall of American Communism (New York: Horizon Books, 1975), 10.
6. Cook, FBI, 282.
7. Latham, Communist Controversy, 215-16.
8. Mackenzie King, unpublished diary entry; H. Montgomery Hyde, The Atom Bomb Spies (New York: Atheneum, 1980), 15.
9. JEH to Vaughan, Nov. 11, 1945.
10. JEH to Vaughan, Nov. 8, 1945.
11. Cook, FBI, 295.
12. Berle, Rapids, 598.
13. Cuneo interview.
14. FBI interview of Whittaker Chambers, May 13, 1942; Allen Weinstein, Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978), 341.
15. John Kenneth Galbraith, “My Forty Years with the FBI,” Esquire, Oct. 1977.
16. Raymond Murphy, memorandum of conversation, March 20, 1945; Weinstein, Perjury, 346.
17. Ladd to JEH, Jan. 28, 1949; Weinstein, Perjury, 357.
18. John Chabot Smith, “Debate of the Century,” Harper’s, June 1978.
19. FBI Summary Report, Dec. 10, 1948; Weinstein, Perjury, 368.
20. Donner, Age, 174.
21. Weinstein, Perjury, 358.
22. Ibid., 366.
23. JEH to Vaughan, Feb. 1, 1946.
24. HST radio broadcast, Nov. 16, 1953.
25. Donovan, Conflict and Crisis, 174.
26. JEH to Allen, May 29, 1946.
27. Byrnes to HST, Feb. 5, 1946.
28. JEH testimony, Senate hearings, Nov. 17, 1953.
29. JEH to Hood, CT to JEH, May 12, 1947; Nichols to CT, May 13, 1947; Theoharis and Cox, Boss, 254-55.
30. Former FBI employee.
31. Goodman, Committee, 207.
32. Hearings, House Committee on Un-American Activities, 80th Cong., 2d sess., July 31, 1948.
33. Frank J. Donner, The Un-Americans (New York: Ballantine Books, 1961), 275.
34. Goodman, Committee, 282-83.
35. Donner, Un-Americans, 275.
36. Kutler, American Inquisition, 36.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Clark Clifford to HST, May 23, 1947; Church, bk. III, 434.
40. Sullivan, Bureau, 44.
41. “MGR,” Sept. 26, 1948.
42. Donovan, Conflict and Crisis, 414.
43. Ibid., 433.
44. Sullivan, Bureau, 44-45; Sullivan interview.
45. NYT, Nov. 18, 1948.
CHAPTER 24: The Punch-and-Judy Show (Pages 360-82)
1. Garry Wills, Nixon Agonistes: The Crisis of the Self-Made Man (New York: New American Library, 1979), 37.
2. Nixon, Memoirs, 58.
3. Morton Levitt and Michael Levitt, A Tissue of Lies: Nixon vs. Hiss (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979), 67.
4. Nichols to JEH, Dec. 2, 1948.
5. Nixon, Memoirs, 69.
6. Fred Cook, “Freedom Medalist,” Nation, March 10, 1984.
7. Fletcher to Ladd, Feb. 15, 1949.
8. John W. Dean III, Blind Ambition: The White House Years (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1976), 57.
9. NYP, Oct. 5, 1959.
10. “MGR,” April 11, 1949.
11. Belmont to JEH, Nov. 21, 1949.
12. Belmont interview.
13. Former special agent.
14. Robert J. Lamphere and Tom Shachtman, The FBI-KGB War: A Special Agent’s Story (New York: Random House, 1986), 105.
15. Ibid., 113.
16. JEH memo, June 14, 1949; OC no. 53.
17. Donner, “Electronic Surveillance,” CLR, Summer 1975.
18. Whitehead, FBI Story, 288.
19. “MGR,” June 22, 1949.
20. Turner, FBI, 324.
21. Theoharis and Cox, Boss, 258.
22. Sullivan interview.
23. JEH SAC letter July 9, 1949; Theoharis and Cox, Boss, 258.
24. Liddy, Will, 258.
25. Nation, April 8, 1978.
26. Sheridan interview.
27. Church, bk. II, 240.
28. LAT, May 15, 1973.
29. Pike, pt. 3, 1068.
30. David M. Oshinsky, A Conspiracy So Immense: The World of Joe McCarthy (New York: Free Press, 1983), 109.
31. Jack Anderson with James Boyd, Confessions of a Muckraker: The Inside Story of Life in Washington during the Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years (New York: Random House, 1979), 176-81.
32. Ibid., 188.
33. Lamphere and Shachtman, FBI-KGB War, 136-37.
34. Sullivan interview.
35. Former Hoover aide.
36. Sullivan interview.
37. NYT, March 22, 1950.
38. Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, Jr., The Real CIA (New York: Macmillan, 1968), 139.
39. Latham, Communist Controversy, 1.
40. JEH to SAC of Honolulu, Nov. 28, 1950; Joseph Logue interview.
41. Anderson and Boyd, Confessions, 228.
42. Pearson, Diaries, 165.
43. Ibid.
CHAPTER 25: Friends, Enemies, and the Investigation of Jesus Christ (Pages 383-98)
1. Sterling Hayden, Wanderer (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1963), 390-91.
2. Ibid.
3. Former Hoover aide.
4. Demaris, Director, 27.
5. Gerold Frank, Judy (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), 303.
6. Gene Fowler, Minutes of the Last Meeting (New York: Viking Press, 1954), 56-59.
7. Former administrative assistant.
8. Belmont and Sullivan interviews. (The two assistant directors were Belmont and Hugh Clegg.)
9. Nichols memos and letter, Sept. 6 and 22, 1950; Theoharis and Cox, Boss, 276.
10. Eric P. Swenson interview.
11. CR, Senate, Nov. 27, 1950.
12. Undated clipping.
13. CR, House, Dec. 1, 1950.
14. Washington Daily News, Nov. 20, 1950.
15. Sullivan interview.
16. Handwritten note on copy of National Guardian article, Dec. 13, 1962.
17. Jones to DeLoach, April 24, 1963.
18. Donner, Age, 467.
19. Former Hoover aide.
20. Jason Berger interview.
21. Former supervisor of WFO.
22. From the Diaries of Felix Frankfurter (New York: W. W. Norton, 1972), ix.
23. Rosen to JEH, Feb. 2, 1951.
24. Dunlop, Donovan, 488.