J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets
Page 113
25. NYT, July 22, 1948.
26. David Atlee Phillips, The Night Watch (New York: Atheneum, 1977), 1.
27. Donovan, Conflict and Crisis, 375-76.
28. WP, May 3, 1972.
29. JEH to Connelly, Jan. 17, 1950.
30. Donovan, Conflict and Crisis, 377.
31. Sullivan interview; former aides.
32. NYP, Oct. 9, 1959.
33. G. Robert Blakey and Richard N. Billings, The Plot to Kill the President (New York: Times Books, 1981), 281.
34. Stephen Fox, Blood and Power: Organized Crime in Twentieth-Century America (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 296.
35. Merle Miller, Lyndon: An Oral Biography (New York: Putnam’s, 1980), 196.
36. Bobby Baker and Larry L. King, Wheeling and Dealing: Confessions of a Capitol Hill Operator (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978), 48.
37. Trohan, Political Animals, 141.
CHAPTER 26: “We Didn’t Want Them to Die.” (Pages 401-34)
1. Childs, Witness, 67.
2. Former special agent.
3. John Bartlow Martin, Adlai Stevenson of Illinois (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1977), 198.
4. Childs, Witness, 68.
5. Dwight David Eisenhower, Mandate for Change (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1963), 90.
6. Sullivan, Bureau, 45.
7. Tamm interview.
8. Rogers to JEH, Dec. 12, 1953; Powers, Secrecy, 317.
9. Demaris, Director, 151.
10. Ibid., 148-49.
11. Nation’s Business, Jan. 1972.
12. Brownell to JEH, May 20, 1954; Church, bk. III, 296-97.
13. Brownell testimony, Socialist Workers Party vs. Attorneys General; NYT, June 28, 1981, Guardian, July 8, 1981.
14. Demaris, Director, 151-52.
15. Demaris interview with Emanuel Celler.
16. WP, Feb. 25, 1968.
17. NYT, May 10, 1956.
18. Oshinsky, Conspiracy, 262.
19. Ibid., 264.
20. Kutler, American Inquisition, 90-91.
21. NYT, Nov. 19, 1985.
22. Eisenhower interview with Fred Friendly; Nat Hentoff, “The Constitutionalist,” New Yorker, March 12, 1990.
23. Belmont to JEH, Oct. 6, 1958; Theoharis and Cox, Boss, 202, 303.
24. Demaris, Director, 135-36.
25. Sullivan interview.
26. Former Hoover aide.
27. Ungar, FBI, 282-83.
28. Ibid., 432.
29. Sullivan, Bureau, 115.
30. Patrick V. Murphy and Thomas Plate, Commissioner: A View from the Top of American Law Enforcement (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1977), 85.
31. Murphy interview.
32. Robert Conot, Rivers of Darkness, Rivers of Blood (New York: William Marrow, 1967), 235-36.
33. Murphy interview.
34. Whitehead, FBI Story, 152.
35. Ungar, FBI, 435.
36. Murphy interview.
37. Wall Street Journal, Oct. 15, 1968.
38. Mosley, Dulles, 131.
39. Lovell, Spies, 176.
40. Mosley, Dulles, 142.
41. W. A. Swanberg, Luce and His Empire (New York: Scribner’s, 1972), 396.
42. Lamphere and Shachtman, FBI-KGB War, 73.
43. Nation, March 3, 1979.
44. Belmont to Ladd, July 17, 1950.
45. JEH to AG McGrath, July 19, 1950.
46. Sol Stern and Ronald Radosh, “The Hidden Rosenberg Case,” New Republic, June 23, 1979.
47. Ibid.; John Wexley, The Judgment of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (New York: Ballantine Books, 1977), 28-29.
48. Daniel Yergin, “Victims of a Desperate Age,” New Times, April 19, 1975.
49. Sidney Zion, The Autobiography of Roy Cohn (Secaucus, N.J.: Lyle Stuart, 1988), 76.
50. Ronald Radosh and Joyce Milton, The Rosenberg File: A Search for the Truth (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983), 277.
51. Ibid., 163-64.
52. Lamphere and Shachtman, FBI-KGB War, 218.
53. Ibid., 213.
54. Belmont to Ladd, March 16, 1951.
55. Radosh and Milton, Rosenberg, 180-81; Lamphere and Shachtman, FBI-KGB War, 225-26.
56. JEH to AG, April 2, 1951.
57. Ladd to JEH, April 3, 1951.
58. Zion, Cohn, 76-77.
59. Saypol to FBI Director Clarence Kelley, March 13, 1975.
60. Radosh and Milton, Rosenberg, 284.
61. Anthony Villano and Gerald Astor, Brick Agent (New York: Quadrangle/New York Times Books, 1977), 26.
62. Time, May 5, 1975.
63. UPI, June 18, 1978.
64. Branigan to Belmont, June 18, 1953.
65. Villano and Astor, Brick Agent, 27.
66. NYT, Nov. 7 and 8, 1953.
67. U.S. News & World Report, Nov. 27, 1953.
68. Ibid.
69. NYT, Nov. 18, 1953.
70. Time, Nov. 30, 1953.
71. Pearson, Diaries, 284.
72. Ibid., 341.
73. De Toledano, Hoover, 256.
74. Roy M. Cohn, “Could He Walk on Water?” Esquire, Nov. 1972.
75. San Diego Evening Tribune, Aug. 22, 1953.
76. I. F. Stone’s Weekly, Sept. 5, 1953.
77. NYP, Oct. 14, 1959.
78. Ibid.
79. JEH to McCarthy, March 12, 1954; Oshinsky, Conspiracy, 412.
80. Hank Greenspun with Alex Pele, Where I Stand (New York: David McKay, 1966), 221; Greenspun interview.
81. Former Hoover aide.
82. Trohan, Political Animals, 250.
CHAPTER 27: An “Incident” (Pages 435-63)
1. McCarthy to JEH, July 30, 1952.
2. JEH to McCarthy, Aug. 6, 1952.
3. JEH to CT, March 18, 1953; OC no. 105; Charles E. Bohlen, Witness to History, 1929-1969 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1973), 309-36.
4. Nixon, Memoirs, 149.
5. Pearson, Diaries, 252.
6. JEH to Brownell, July 27, 1953.
7. Commonweal, Nov. 21, 1955.
8. Oshinsky, Conspiracy, 505.
9. Ernst to Nichols, March 16, 1954.
10. Ernst to JEH, Feb. 13, 1948.
11. Ernst to Nichols, Dec. 3, 1949.
12. NYT, May 13, 1957.
13. Salisbury, “Strange Correspondence.”
14. Ernst to Nichols, Aug. 7, 1957.
15. Salisbury, “Strange Correspondence.”
16. Ernst to JEH, Feb. 6, 1958.
17. Donner, Age, 147.
18. Ernst to Nichols, Jan. 8, 1953.
19. Neier, “Adhering to Principle”; NYT, Aug. 4, 1977.
20. Theoharis and Cox, Boss, 273-75.
21. Church, bk. II, 250-51; Church, vol. 6, 473-74; Ungar, FBI, 407-9; Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-63 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988), 181-82.
22. Belmont to Boardman, Aug. 28, 1956.
23. Church, bk. II, 145.
24. Donner, Age, 185.
25. Belmont to Boardman, Aug. 28, 1956.
26. Church, bk. III, 279.
27. JEH to Cutler (Ike) and AG Rogers, May 8, 1958.
28. Bob Thomas, Winchell (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971), 264, 256.
29. Memorial Tributes, 227.
30. Demaris interview; Demaris, Director, 68.
31. Commentary, April 1957.
32. Demaris, Director, 69.
33. Donald C. Jacobson interview.
34. Demaris, Director, 70.
35. NYP, Oct. 14, 1959.
36. Demaris, Director, 89.
37. OC no. 56.
38. NYT, June 4, 1957.
39. David Caute, The Great Fear: The Anti-Communist Purge under Truman and Eisenhower (New York: Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books, 1979), 138.
40. Cook, FBI, 385.
41. Nichols interview.
42. Liddy, Will, 175.
43. Statement of Louis B. Nichols before the New York State Joint Legislative Committee on Crime, Its
Causes, Control, and Effect on Society, March 11, 1971.
44. Newsweek, May 9, 1988.
45. JFK Assn., vol. IX, 60.
46. Sullivan, Bureau, 121.
47. William Brashler, The Don: The Life and Death of Sam Giancana (New York: Harper & Row, 1977), 167.
48. Blakey and Billings, Plot, 249.
49. Ibid.; Brashler, Don, 168.
50. Brashler, Don, 166-67.
51. JFK Assn., bk. IX, 11.
52. Mohr to Conrad, March 14, 1963; JD Report U.S. Recording.
53. Corey Ford, Donovan of OSS (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970), 324.
54. Dunlop, Donovan, 506.
55. Cave Brown, Last Hero, 833.
56. Mohr deposition, Tolson will dispute.
57. NYP, July 22, 1975; Kosner interview.
CHAPTER 28: The Kennedys (Pages 467-98)
1. OC no. 7.
2. Joan Blair and Clay Blair, Jr., The Search for J.F.K. (New York: Berkley Medallion Books, 1977), 129.
3. Ibid., 143.
4. JEH to Ladd, Jan. 24, 1942.
5. Blair, Search, 145.
6. OC no. 7.
7. Ibid.
8. FBI report, Feb. 9, 1942; OC no. 7.
9. Sullivan, Bureau, 48.
10. Blair, Search, 144, 133.
11. OC no. 7.
12. Blair, Search, 520.
13. J. J. Kelly to JEH, Sept. 23, 1953.
14. NYT, Aug. 4, 1960.
15. Rosen to Boardman, Sept. 23, 1958.
16. SAC of New Orleans to JEH, March 23, 1960.
17. Benjamin C. Bradlee, Conversations with Kennedy (New York: W. W. Norton, 1975), 33.
18. Church, vol. 2, 139.
19. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978), 231.
20. JEH to RFK, Jan. 10, 1961; Church, vol. 6, 821-26.
21. Courtney Evans interview.
22. National Observer, April 12, 1971.
23. JEH to RFK, Feb. 23, 1963.
24. Victor S. Navasky, Kennedy Justice (New York: Atheneum, 1971) 8.
25. Ibid., 14.
26. Joseph L. Schott, No Left Turns (New York: Praeger, 1975), 192-93.
27. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 257.
28. Ibid.
29. Former SAC.
30. JFK Assn., vol. IX, 14.
31. Sullivan interview.
32. Ungar, FBI, 391.
33. Branch, Parting the Waters, 402.
34. National Observer, April 12, 1971.
35. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 260.
36. Former Hoover aide.
37. Newsweek, May 9, 1988.
38. Demaris, Director, 190.
39. Legat in Rome to JEH, Jan. 30, 1961; JEH to RFK, Feb. 6, 1961.
40. JEH to RFK, Feb. 10, 1961.
41. Athan G. Theoharis, Spying on Americans: Political Surveillance from Hoover to the Huston Plan (Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press, 1978), 167.
42. Powers interview.
43. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 254.
44. Church, bk. III, 297.
45. Ibid., 328-30.
46. SAC of Birmingham to JEH and SACs of Atlanta and Mobile, May 12, 1961.
47. NYT, Feb. 17-18, 1980.
48. Branch, Parting the Waters, 447.
49. JEH to CIA Director, Oct. 18, 1960.
50. JEH to SACs of New York, Chicago, and Miami, Oct. 18, 1960.
51. CIA memo for the record, May 14, 1962.
52. SAC of Miami to JEH, April 20, 1961.
53. JEH to AG (RFK), May 22, 1961; Church, vol. 1, 127.
54. Brashler, Don, 191; “Crime, Inc.,” PBS-KQED, May 6, 1989.
55. Page B from undated FBI report (headed LA 92-113-Administrative) quoting from Dec. 6, 1961, bugging summary.
56. Judith (Campbell) Exner as told to Ovid Demaris, My Story (New York: Grove Press, 1977), 194.
57. JEH to AG (RFK), Dec. 11, 1961.
58. Church, vol. 1, 129-30.
59. Ibid.
60. JEH to AG (RFK), Oct. 29, 1962; Thomas Powers, The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), 346-47.
61. SAC of LAFO to JEH, March 5, 1962.
62. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 496.
63. Ibid.
64. Rolling Stone, March 19, 1981.
65. JFK Assn., vol. V, 437.
66. Brashler, Don, 197.
67. Church, vol. 1, 133.
68. Ibid.
69. Ibid.
70. Robert Maheu interview.
71. De Toledano, Hoover, 294.
72. Anthony Summers, Goddess: The Secret Lives of Marilyn Monroe (New York: New American Library, 1986), 280.
73. Ibid., 448.
74. Evans to Belmont, Aug. 20, 1962.
75. Walter Sheridan, The Rise and Fall of Jimmy Hoffa (New York: Saturday Review Press, 1972), 217; Sheridan interview.
76. Ibid.
77. WP, May 16, 1976.
78. Ibid.
79. JFK Assn., vol. V, 306.
80. Ed Reid, The Grim Reapers: The Anatomy of Organized Crime in America (New York: Bantam, 1970), 160-61; JFK Assn., vol. IX, 82-83; David E. Scheim, Contract on America: The Mafia Murder of President John F. Kennedy (New York: Zebra Books, 1989), 79-83.
81. John H. Davis, Mafia Kingfish: Carlos Marcello and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy (New York: New American Library, 1989), 76.
82. JFK Assn., vol. IX, 86.
83. JEH to CT, Oct. 4, 1962.
84. WP, Nov. 1, 1962.
CHAPTER 29: “We Must Mark Him Now.” (Pages 499-537)
1. Demaris, Director, 211.
2. Leon Howell, “An Interview with Andrew Young, Christianity and Crisis, Feb. 16, 1976.
3. Morton H. Halperin et al., The Lawless State (New York: Penguin Books, 1976), 61-63.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., 65.
6. Ramsey Clark interview.
7. MLK Assn., vol. VI, 67.
8. Sullivan, Bureau, 136.
9. Rosen to Belmont, May 22, 1961.
10. SAC of Atlanta to JEH, Nov. 21, 1961.
11. MLK Assn., vol. VI, 97.
12. Branch, Parting the Waters, 564.
13. Ibid.
14. Bland to Sullivan, Feb. 3, 1962.
15. MLK Assn., vol. VI, 101.
16. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 353.
17. Church, bk. III, 87.
18. Ibid., 95.
19. Branch, Parting the Waters, 597.
20. Baumgardner to Sullivan, Oct. 22, 1962.
21. JEH to SAC of Atlanta, Feb. 27, 1962.
22. Baumgardner to Sullivan, Oct. 8, 1962.
23. Church, bk. III, 96.
24. Ibid., 97.
25. Rosen to Belmont, Nov. 20, 1962.
26. Belmont to CT, Nov. 26, 1962.
27. DeLoach to Mohr, Jan. 15, 1963.
28. Branch, Parting the Waters, 791.