Romancing the Shadow

by Connie Zweig

  89 In medieval society See D. M. Dooling, ed., A Way of Working (New York: Parabola Books, 1979).

  90 work is undergoing tectonic shifts More than 43 million jobs have been erased in the United States since 1979. Whereas twenty-five years ago, the vast majority of people laid off found jobs that paid as well as the old ones, today only 35 percent find equal pay. From The Downsizing of America: Special Report to The New York Times (New York: Times Books, 1996).

  91 Despite the extinction Ibid.

  92 our relationships suffer Ibid. The divorce rate is as much as 50 percent higher than the national average in families in which one earner, usually the man, has lost a job and cannot find an equivalent one.

  93 “Fatima, the. Spinner, and the Tent” From Idries Shah, Tales of the Dervishes (New York: Dutton, 1967), pp. 72–74.

  94 In some sectors of Western society Although productivity has more than doubled in the last fifty years, those with jobs work longer hours today than before the onset of the information age. In fact, overall work time has increased by one month a year, while leisure time has decreased by more than one-third. From Jeremy Rifkin, The End of Work (New York: Tarcher/Putnam, 1995), p. 223.

  95 the Greek Titan Prometheus See Eileen Gregory, “Human Making and the Fires of Earth,” in Summoning the Familiar (Dallas: Dallas Institute of Humanities and Culture, 1983).

  96 Hermes appears For a lengthy discussion of Hermes, see Rafael Lopez-Pedraza, Hermes and His Children (Dallas: Spring Publications, 1977).

  97 Hephaestus has been called Murray Stein, “Hephaistos: A Pattern of Introversion,” Spring 73, pp. 35–51.

  98 a power complex James Hillman, Kinds of Power.

  99 this kind of power John R. O’Neil, The Paradox of Success (New York: Tarcher/Putnam, 1993).

  100 if people in the helping professions This is explained at length by Adolf Guggenbuhl-Craig in Power in the Helping Professions (Dallas: Spring Publications, 1978).

  101 One of the primary ways One recent study reported that one out of two women will be harassed during her working life. From L. F. Fitzgerald, “Sexual Harassment: Violence Against Women in the Workplace,” American Psychologist 48, pp. 1070–76.

  102 For the many women In 1986 the U.S. Supreme Court first considered sexual harassment as a violation of civil rights, determining that it must create an abusive working environment and result in psychological damage for it to be legally penalized. Since then, charges have more than doubled: in 1990, 6,127 charges were filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; in 1995, 15,549 were filed. From a report, “U.S. Companies Move to Curb Sex Harassment on Job,” in the Christian Science Monitor, May 30, 1996.

  103 monetary rewards have skyrocketed Ibid. In 1990, $7.7 million were awarded to plaintiffs; in 1995, $24.3 million were awarded.

  104 discrimination against gays and lesbians As of 1993, only nine states had laws prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation. Many gay employees continue to live with a fear of being found out. They report that when they form support groups as part of a corporate culture, they are swamped with hate mail. From Ed Mickens, The 100 Best Companies for Gay Men and Lesbians (New York: Pocket Books, 1994).

  105 in the helping professions One study of physicians reports that 25 percent violate their female patients. From R. Pearlman, “Doctors Tell of Sex with Patients,” San Francisco Chronicle, August 7, 1992. In a questionnaire of 1,057 psychiatrists, 7.1 percent reported sexual contact with patients. From N. Gartrell, J. Herman, S. Olarte, M. Feldstein, and R. Localio, “Psychiatrist-Patient Sexual Contact: Results of a National Survey.” Among psychotherapists, one expert estimates that as many as 30 percent have sexual contact with clients. From Peter Rutter, personal communication. The above findings were cited in Nancy Novack, Gender Roles and Sexual Exploitation in Professional Relationships of Trust, doctoral dissertation, February 1996.

  A study of sexual harassment on college campuses revealed that 30 percent of undergraduate women felt harassed by a professor. From M. A. Paludi, ed.; Ivory Power: Sexual Harassment on Campus (Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 1990).

  A recent television report on the clergy disclosed that out of some fifty thousand Catholic priests, at least three thousand or 6 percent actively sexually abuse children, including engaging in oral sex, mutual masturbation, and paddling. Some use the fear of excommunication and the threat of damnation to maintain silence. More than six hundred reports have been filed in the past ten years. And the Catholic church has spent many hundreds of thousands of dollars in damage control, often taking an adversarial role with law enforcement. The members of the church hierarchy, unable to face the sexual shadow, maintain the rule of celibacy but protect its violators. Even today, with full knowledge of the devastating long-term consequences of the spiritual betrayal of children, church leaders turn the other way. A few who have tried to speak out have been silenced. As a result, the public image of the priesthood has been tainted with shadow, and those members who are innocent carry a terrible burden. From “Priestly Sins,” an original HBO-BBC production, which aired in Los Angeles in May 1996.

  106 more than one million men and women Peter Rutter, Sex in the Forbidden Zone (New York: Fawcett Books, 1990).

  107 His power and her dependency The effects on the women involved can be life-changing. In a study of eight such women, seven suffered from the symptoms of post-traumatic stress, including flashbacks of the experience, depression, psychosomatic illnesses, and poor intimate relationships even five years later. In addition, none of the women had had children. Cited in Novack, Gender Roles and Sexual Exploitation in Professional Relationships of Trust.

  108 Although state laws differ In fifteen states, sex between therapists and clients has become illegal, as the law attempts to compensate with outer constraints for the individual’s absence of inner constraints.

  109 Some therapists, like priests, cannot contain In California between 1992 and 1995, nineteen psychologists and four psychiatrists lost their professional licenses for sexual misconduct. From the American Psychological Association’s Monitor, June 1996, p. 3.

  CHAPTER 9

  MIDLIFE AS DESCENT TO THE UNDERWORLD AND ASCENT OF THE LOST GODS

  110 In a dark time Theodore Roethke, “In a Dark Time,” in The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke (New York: Doubleday, 1960).

  111 Our personality develops C. G. Jung, “The Development of Personality,” in The Collected Works, translated by R. F. C. Hull and edited by H. Read (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1953–90), vol. 17, p. 172.

  112 “After having lavished its light C. G. Jung, “The Stages of Life,” The Collected Works, translated by R. F. C. Hull and edited by H. Read (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1953–90), vol. 8, p. 399.

  113 early onset spirituality Gratitude for this phrase to Jeffrey Satinover, “Aching in the Places Where We Used to Play,” Quadrant 25, no. 1, p. 24.

  114 the god Pan See James Hillman, Pan and the Nightmare (Dallas: Spring Publications, 1988) for an extended discussion of this theme.

  115 Hermes may appear Murray Stein, In Midlife (Dallas: Spring Publications, 1983).

  116 “The person who has eaten his shadow Robert Bly, A Little Book on the Human Shadow (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1988), p. 42.

  117 the underworld James Hillman, The Dream and the Underworld (New York: HarperCollins, 1979).

  118 “the dread and resistance C. G. Jung, “Religious Ideas in Alchemy: The Prima Materia,” The Collected Works, translated by R. F. C. Hull and edited by H. Read (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1953–90), vol. 12, p. 336.

  119 we need to be led downwards C. G. Jung, “Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies,” The Collected Works, translated by R. F. C. Hull and edited by H. Read (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1953–90), vol 10, pp. 355–56.

  120 Joseph Campbell describes the descent Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces (Princeton, NJ.: Princeton Un
iversity Press, 1949).

  121 Inanna, Queen of Heaven Born of the gods, she descended to earth as Inanna and was later called Ishtar, Astarte, and Asherah, goddess of the groves. Her life story, told in pictographs by an anonymous Sumerian poet on tablets found by archaeologists, includes her youth, her reign as queen, her love affair with a shepherd-king, and her descent to the underworld. From Diane Wolkstein and Samuel Noah Kramer, Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth (New York: HarperCollins, 1983).

  122 when we connect the upperworld Self Sylvia Perera, Descent to the Goddess (Toronto: Inner City Books, 1981).

  123 The journey had been Kathleen Raine, “The Inner Journey of the Poet,” in Molly Tuby, ed., In the Wake of Jung (London: Coventure, 1983).

  124 In a Korean Zen tale As told in Marc Barasch, The Healing Path (New York: Tarcher/Putnam, 1993).

  125 instead of dreading or despising our symptoms James Hillman, Re-Visioning Psychology (New York: HarperCollins, 1975).

  126 “The gods have become diseases.” C. G. Jung, The Collected Works, translated by R. F. C. Hull and edited by H. Read (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1953–90), vol. 13, p. 37.

  127 the puer-puella archetype Jeffrey Satinover, “Aching in the Places Where We Used to Play.”

  128 “There can be no doubt C. G. Jung, “Alchemical Studies: Commentary on the Secret of the Golden Flower,” The Collected Works, translated by R. F. C. Hull and edited by H. Read (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1953–90), vol. 13, p. 21.

  EPILOGUE

  129 This being human is a guest-house Jelaluddin Rumi, “The Guest-House,” in Say I Am You, translated by John Moyne and Coleman Barks (Athens, Ga.: Maypop Press, 1994), p. 41.

  A SHADOW-WORK HANDBOOK

  130 divine temptation, known as ate John A. Sanford, Fate, Love, and Ecstasy (Wilmette, III: Chiron Publications, 1995), p. 56.

  131 Whereas the Greeks E. R. Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951), p. 5.

  132 We suggest that shadow-work The Greeks also had a prescription for dealing with até that parallels our more contemporary approach. They suggested that we can become aware of the influence of a god upon us through developing suneidesis, a capacity for consciousness and higher perception through “the spiritual eye.” Suneidesis means both self-awareness and conscience—that is, knowing the activity of our mind and heart—as well as knowing what is morally correct. From Sanford, Fate, Love, and Ecstasy, p. 64.

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  The following list includes our sources and other related titles.

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