by Philip Short
and Farewell, 326–8, 401, 638n7, 647n29,
and Middle Eastern terrorism, 346, 413, 414n, 415–16, 449, 449n, 652n14
Dubois, André, 620–1nn39 & 41
Duchet, Roger, 623–4nn24–5
Duclos, Jacques, 145, 258–9, 270
Dufoix, Georgina, 529n
Duhamel, Jacques, 186
Dulac, General André, 624–5n33
Dulles, John Foster, 162
Dumas, Roland, x, 6, 206–7, 285, 356–7, 528, 555, 578, 621n41, 635–6nn9, 15 & 18, 648n41
in politics, 219–20, 260, 299, 456
as Minister for European Affairs, 380–1
as Foreign Minister, 400, 412, 420, 465, 479, 481, 492, 496, 509, 520, 523, 651n60, 653n27, 658–9n55
Duras, Marguerite, 101, 103–4, 126–7, 130, 612–13n71
Duveau, Roger, 196, 625n37
Duverger, Maurice, 194
Eagleburger, Lawrence, 525
L’Echo de Paris, 27–8, 32, 600n22
Edict of Nantes, 20, 598n4
Egypt, 173, 186–7, 246, 317, 457, 572–3, 655n21
Eisenhower, General Dwight D., 83, 107, 160, 186, 657n44
El Salvador, 323, 325, 334, 337
Elgey, Georgette, 619n21, 621n41, 624n29
Elizabeth II, Queen, 20, 561, 579, 628n14
Ely, General Paul, 194
Emmanuelli, Henri, 535, 550, 573–4
l’Ephémère, 53, 58
Estier, Claude, 234, 535, 630nn15–16, 633n39, 637(Ch11)n3, 652n21
Estonia, 656n40
ETA (Euskadi ta Askatasuna), 346, 346n, 584
Etchegoin, Baron, 244
L’Étudiant français, 28
Eurocommunism, 293–5
Euromissiles, 330–3, 338, 360, 377, 382, 396, 398, 438, 497, 638n12
Europe (Congress of, 1948), 157–8
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), 483–4, 655n21
European defence, 159, 164, 384, 513–15, 619n23, 658–9nn55–6
European Economic Community (EEC), 187, 202, 232, 269, 271, 328–9, 331, 339, 377–9, 383, 388, 409, 475, 480–2, 506, 510, 570, 648n40
Treaty of Rome, 159, 187
(1980) Venice summit, 347
(1984) Brussels summit, 380
(1984) Fontainebleau summit, 380–2, 389, 394, 643n49, 644nn6–8
(1986) The Hague summit, 437
(1986) London summit, 437
(1989) Strasbourg summit, 477, 654n14
(1990) Dublin summit, 655n22
(1991) Maastricht summit, 369, 515–21, 523, 527–9, 643n49, 658n50
(1992) Lisbon summit, 523
European Iron and Steel Community, 158
European Monetary System (EMS), 366–71, 377, 528–9, 584, 643nn49–50
Ecu (European Currency Unit, Euro), 369, 477, 512, 516–18, 518n, 519, 519n, 644n3
European Research Coordination Agency (EUREKA), 402, 584
European Union, 483, 518–19, 528, 551
path towards, 382, 476–7, 484, 512, 515–18, 655n22
and Balkan wars, 520–1, 526–7, 546, 548
L’Expansion, 274–5
L’Express, 178, 227, 233, 559, 577, 623n20
Eyadéma, Gnassingbé, 493–4, 579
Fabius, Laurent, x, 314, 370, 445, 487, 502, 526, 529n, 636–7n2, 637(Ch11)n3, 643n50
and Mitterrand, 12, 363, 372, 391, 465–6, 468–9, 488–90, 503, 578, 645n18
as Prime Minister, 391–2, 394, 423, 426, 504, 645n17
and Rainbow Warrior affair, 407–9, 647–8nn36–7 & 43
and Socialist Party, 302, 465–6, 488, 507, 529, 534–5, 550
Fabre, Robert, 256, 276, 296
Fadlallah, Sheikh Mohammed, 414
Fages, Admiral Henri, 647n37
Fahd, Crown Prince (later King), 340
Falklands, 377–8, 497
Farewell, 326–8, 333, 401, 638nn7–10, 647n29
FARL (Armed Revolutionary Lebanese Fractions), 346, 414–15, 418–19, 421, 448, 584, 640n25
Farouk, King, 173
Fatah–Revolutionary Council, see Abu Nidal
Faulkner, William, 32
Faure, Edgar, 178, 180, 201, 278, 555, 619n24
and North Africa, 172, 182, 191
Faure, General Jacques, 187
Faure, Maurice, 231, 276, 278, 314, 456, 467–8, 624n27
and 1965 presidential election, 232–3, 630–1n17
Favier, Pierre, 541, 565, 568
Favre de Thierrens, Jacques, 64–5, 68, 603n5
February 6 1934 (demonstration), 26–7
Ferréol de Ferry, Alfred, 84
FGDS (Federation of the Democratic Socialist Left), 234, 242–3, 253, 256, 260, 263, 585, 632nn28 & 30, 634n5
Fifth Republic, 9, 214, 262, 321, 464, 470, 597n4
constitution, 13, 199–200, 217–18, 221, 225–6, 239, 270, 358, 372, 393, 431, 437, 442, 626n42, 629nn3–4
Le Figaro, 166, 222, 237, 325, 385n
Fighting Communist Cells (Belgium), 462n
Fillioud, Georges, ix, 595, 631n23
Finifter, Bernard, 3, 112, 122, 130, 611n63
at Stalag IXA, 50–1, 51n, 54–5, 55n, 63, 71
and RNPG, 84, 113
Finland, 518n
Fiterman, Charles, 646n21
Flandin, Pierre-Etienne, 34
Flaubert, Gustave, 32
FLN ([Algerian] National Liberation Front), 173, 175, 184–5, 187, 199, 215–17, 585, 623n18
and insurrection, 174, 177, 181–2, 184, 191, 622nn3 & 12
FLNKS (Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front), 446–7, 463, 585
Flohic, François, 247, 254, 258
FNPG (National Federation of Prisoners of War), 119–21, 128, 144, 228, 585
and Dachau, 126, 615n15
and UDSR, 154, 156
Foccart, Jacques, 225, 255
Fonlupt-Esperaber, Jacques, 177
Fontaine, Marcel, 414, 418, 428, 449, 463
Forbes, Alastair, 95
Force de frappe (French nuclear strike force), 186–7, 271, 317–18, 318n, 331, 406, 439–41
Force Ouvrière, 145
Forsne, Christina, 355, 485–6
Fouchet, Christian, 163–4, 278, 620–1nn35 & 41
Fourcade, Marie-Madeleine, 86
Fourth Republic, 1–2, 137–9, 153, 160, 170, 176–7, 186, 195, 197, 202, 220, 227, 229, 233, 235n, 239, 252, 261, 280, 313, 361, 617–18nn3 & 18, 620n40, 622–3nn11 & 24, 632n28
Franceschi, Joseph, 319, 642n37
Franc-Tireur, 72, 80, 99, 139, 616n24
France, revue de l’État nouveau, 72, 127, 601n1, 605n19
France Observateur, 177–8, 623n20 (afterwards Nouvel Observateur)
France Soir, 208, 273, 385n
Franco, General Francisco, 226n, 346n, 556, 584
Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP), 72, 105, 144
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 522
Frenay, Henri, 72, 87, 102, 123, 168, 208, 616n24
and Mitterrand, 7, 81, 83, 90–97, 99, 105, 111, 114, 121–2, 139, 555, 611nn64–5, 613nn79–80, 614–15nn8, 12 & 15
Minister of Prisoners of War and Deportees, 120–2
and post-war politics, 129, 242
French Union (Union Française), 151, 157, 170
Frère, General Aubert, 79, 89
Frey, Roger, 238
Fric, Guy, 67–8, 76, 98, 604n15
Friol, Henri, 190
Furuya, Yutaka, 653n26
Gabon, 492n, 493
Gaddafi, Muammar, 226n, 317, 351, 436, 491
Gagnaire, Etienne, 69, 78, 101, 604n15
Gaillard, Félix, 179, 189, 624n27
Gainsbourg, Serge, 379n
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 298
Gamba, Daniel, 356–7
Gambetta, Léon, 241
Ganeval, General Jean, 624n26
Garbidjan, Varajian, 421, 448
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), 402–3
de Gaulle, Charles, x, 10–11, 75, 79,
247, 257–8, 272, 311, 318, 322, 339, 393, 410–11, 424, 431–3, 443, 453, 458, 494, 536, 539, 557, 585–6, 599n12, 613nn72 & 75, 618–19nn15 & 21, 629–30nn4–6, 638n15, 645n17, 646n19, 657n44
and Pétain, 61–2, 127, 554
as wartime leader, 69, 72, 75, 77–8, 80–3, 86–8, 90–1, 93, 94n, 99, 107, 118, 124, 139, 149, 160, 203, 605n21
and (General) Giraud, 79–80, 83, 87, 89–91, 96
and liberation of Paris, 109–11
and post-war politics, 129–30, 133, 137–8, 140, 153–4, 156
and RPF, 138, 146, 156, 275n, 586
and decolonisation, 150, 157, 199–200
and democracy, 220–2, 225–6, 239, 258, 629n4
and Mitterrand, 2, 7–14, 67, 86–8, 90–6, 99–100, 105, 108, 110–11, 121–2, 125–6, 132–3, 153–4, 157, 194–9, 203–4, 217, 220–7, 229–30, 256–8, 261, 313, 319, 321, 358, 370–1, 390, 410–11, 512, 553–4, 556, 560–1, 563, 566, 570–1, 579, 581, 598n8, 608–11nn45, 49–50, 54, 56 & 64–5, 613n77, 615n15, 625nn35 & 37, 626–7n3, 629–30n6, 637(Ch11)n4
and Algeria, 1, 3, 4, 12, 191–4, 198, 204–5, 207, 214–17, 222, 370–1, 410, 626nn2–3
(1958) return to power, 191–4, 201–2, 219, 262, 597n4, 623n22, 624–5nn29 & 31–3, 634n42
and Europe, 158, 232, 239, 247, 328–30, 383, 475, 562
and presidential election, 218, 220–1, 232–3, 235n, 236–9, 242, 244, 265, 269, 290, 453, 631–2nn23–4 & 27
and ‘May 68’, 247–55, 257, 280, 310, 633–4nn40–2
resignation, 258, 264, 309
de Gaulle, Geneviève, 614–5n12
de Gaulle, Pierre, 629–30n6
GCHQ Cheltenham, 649–50n53
Geismar, Alain, 249–50
Gemayel, Amin, 350
Gemayel, Bachir, 343, 350
Genest, Pascal, x
Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 381, 475
Georgia, 656n40
Gerasimov, Gennadi, 654n17
de Gérin-Ricard, Lazare, 605n19
Germany, 115, 145, 249–50, 414, 454, 510
pre-war, 27–28, 31, 36–8, 40, 131, 143, 146
invasion of France, 44–6, 149, 601n38
Occupation, 10, 47–60, 61–2, 64–79, 82–4, 86–7, 89–90, 92, 94n, 97–100, 102–9, 114, 116–18, 120, 123, 164, 181, 185, 193n, 216, 307, 566–8, 602–3n17, 605nn20–1, 612–13nn68 & 70–1, 614n12
death camps, 75, 125–6, 557, 602n8, 605n20
East, 254, 473–9, 481, 654nn8, 14–15 & 18
West, 10, 137, 140, 162, 253–4, 312, 315, 336, 363–4, 366, 369, 371, 375, 383–4, 388, 402, 417, 423, 554, 638–40nn9 & 23, 643–4n53, 652n16, 657n44
and Europe, 158, 187, 328–9, 377, 379–83, 383, 475–7, 483–4, 516–18, 520, 528–9, 580, 643n49
and defence, 159, 404, 441, 499, 514, 619n23
and Euromissiles, 330–3, 338, 360
and Red Army Faction, 346, 462n
Franco-German army brigade (Eurocorps), 384, 484, 513, 515, 527, 551, 658–9nn55–6
and fall of Berlin Wall, 473, 475, 478, 654n10
reunification, 472–81, 516, 519, 567, 569, 654nn8–10
and Balkan wars, 520–2, 527
Gerow, General Leonard, 107
Gestapo, 65, 75, 94n, 97, 162, 177–8, 183, 522, 553, 556, 606–7n30
and RNPG, 86–7, 89–90, 102–4, 113, 117, 608n44, 612–13n71
Giacometti, Alberto, 31
Gide, André, 22, 32
Giesbert, Franz-Olivier, 13–14, 235n, 288, 569, 576, 630n13, 653n25
GIGN (Special Intervention Force of the Gendarmerie), 353, 420, 585, 642n38
Giono, Jean, 211
Giraud, André, 407n, 432, 439, 442, 444, 455
Giraud, General Henri, 79–80, 83, 87, 89–92, 95–6, 586
Giroud, Françoise, 209, 622n13
Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, x, 185, 283, 441, 569, 578, 642–3n47
leader of Centre-Right, 243, 275n, 389, 391, 424, 430, 432, 470, 492n, 507, 533, 560, 587
1974 election, 278–82, 287, 290, 637nn3 & 5
(1974–81) presidency, 13, 245, 296–7, 305–6, 368, 376, 393, 554–5, 557, 561, 563, 642n40, 643–4n53, 645n17
and Barre, 295, 308, 426
and Chirac, 305, 307, 309, 433–4, 462–3, 505
and Europe, 328, 331
and Middle East, 340, 344, 348, 414n, 417
and Russia, 296, 330, 396
1981 election, 1, 304–5, 309–12, 314–15, 317–18, 320, 637nn3 & 5
Giscard d’Estaing, Anne-Aymone, 287
Glavany, Jean, 535, 569
de Gobineau, Arthur, 22
Goebbels, Joseph, 145, 634n44
Goës, Georges, 611n66
Gonzáles, Felipe, 315, 346n, 515, 520
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 396, 471–2, 498
and Mitterrand, 399, 400, 403–6, 437, 439, 473–4, 476, 508–10, 568–70, 646–7nn26–7, 32 & 35, 656–7nn42–3
and Reagan, 403, 438–40, 442
and German reunification, 472–6, 478, 480
and break-up of Soviet empire, 471–2, 474, 481–2, 508–11
and August putsch, 508–9
Gordes, 240, 247, 287, 354, 571, 575, 635n16
Gordji, Wahid, 450–2, 462–3, 652n19
Gordowski, Antoine, 56
Gore, Al, 579
Gouin, Félix, 133
Gouze, Antoine, 131
Gouze, Christine, 101, 112–14, 122, 208, 212
Gouze, Danielle, see Mitterrand, Danielle
Grachev, Andrei, 657n43
Greece, 357, 518n, 519n
Green Party, 459, 464, 530
Greene, Graham, 193
Greenpeace, see Rainbow Warrior
Grilickès, Michel, 102–3
Gringoire, 226, 532
Gromyko, Andrei, 399, 400
de Grossouvre, François, 234–5, 235n, 279n, 288, 347, 354, 559
Group of Seven (G7), 305–6, 473–4
1981 (Ottawa), 325–6, 335–6, 362
1982 (Versailles), 336–7, 341, 362, 365
1983 (Williamsburg), 338, 403, 514
1985 (Bonn), 402–3
1986 (Tokyo), 436–7
1987 (Venice), 440–1
1989 (Paris), 470–2
1991 (London) 508
1993 (Tokyo), 536
1994 (Naples), 542, 551
GSPR (Special Group for the Protection of the President), 353–5, 358, 527, 585
Gubler, Claude, 359, 453, 457, 527, 551–3, 659n57, 660n9
Guerin, Henri, 104
Guigou, Elizabeth, 642–3nn47 50, 644n6
Guyot, Michel, 641n36
Habré, Hissène, 491, 493
Habyarimana, Agathe, 539
Habyarimana, Juvenal, 537–41, 660n1
Haddad, Waddi, 640n25
Haedrich, Marcel, 69, 88, 122, 128, 148, 618n12
Hagopian, Hagop, 583
Haig, Alexander, 322–4, 326, 336
Haile Selassie, Emperor, 27
Hallier, Jean-Edern, 355–7, 358n, 559
Hanin, Roger, 212, 317, 319, 578, 633n34
Hannezo, Guillaume, 528–9
Hartman, Arthur, 312
Hassan, King (of Morocco), 493
Haussmann, Baron Georges Eugène, 25, 279, 561
Havel, Václav, 471
Hemingway, Ernest, 3, 32
Hendricks, Barbara, 579
de Hennezel, Marie, 572–3, 576–7
Henriot, Philippe, 98
Henri IV, King, 10
Hernu, Charles, ix, 208, 234, 271, 350, 586, 618n12, 625n35, 628n11, 632–3nn30 & 37, 637(Ch11)n3
and political clubs, 220, 226–7, 629n1, 630n16
and Rainbow Warrior, 407, 407n, 408–9, 411, 647–8nn36–9, 41 & 43–4
Hernu, Dominique, ix, 595
Hersant, Robert, 385n
Hervé, Edmond, 529n
Heurgon, Marc, 233
Hezbollah, 412, 414, 450, 639n22, 652n16
Higgins, Lieut.-Col. William, 652n16
Himmler, Heinrich
, 522
Hirsch, Robert, 164, 168–9
Hitler, Adolf, 9, 28n, 36–8, 40, 75, 102–3, 105, 131, 187, 226n, 476, 568, 612n70
Holbrooke, Richard, 548
Holland, see Netherlands
Hollande, François, 393, 581, 637n2
L’Homme libre, 88, 108, 117 (afterwards Libres)
Hoover, J. Edgar, 162
Hossegor, 211–12, 232, 243–4, 285–7, 633n33
Houphouet-Boigny, Félix, 151–3, 168, 180, 195, 586
Howe, Geoffrey, 381, 644n7
Huchon, Michel, 505
Hugo, Victor, 308
L’Humanité, 250, 273, 291, 295, 325, 395, 636n21
Hungary, 471–3, 547, 654n8
Hurd, Douglas, 520
Hussein, King (of Jordan), 497
Iceland, 277, 439–40
India, 537n
Indochina, 2, 144, 149n, 170, 174, 217, 247–8
war, 150, 157, 159–62, 163, 165–6, 176, 187, 424, 619n21, 622n3
Institut François Mitterrand, 570, 585
IRA (Irish Republican Army), 346, 377, 520, 640n26, 642n38, 644n1
Iran, 347–8, 351, 360, 407, 410, 412, 421, 428, 448–52, 454, 462n, 462–3, 500, 641n29, 652n15
use of terror, 349–50, 413, 418–22, 449, 451, 649–51nn49, 53–4 & 59–60, 652–3nn13–14, 16–17, 19 & 27
and United States, 351, 416–18, 410, 641n34, 648–9n48
Iran–Iraq war, 340, 349–50, 414, 418, 421, 496, 498
Iraq, 340, 448, 463, 495–8, 500–501, 521, 545, 583, 650n58
and French arms sales, 347–50, 421, 462n, 498
and Kurds, 349, 497, 500
Ireland, 271
Irish National Liberation Army, 346
Islamic Jihad, 350, 412, 414, 418, 427, 641nn30 & 32, 649–50nn53 & 58
Israel, 350, 352, 414, 417–18, 448, 498, 638n15, 640n25, 648–9n48, 655–6nn21 & 35
nuclear weapons, 186–7
and Mitterrand, 246, 304, 339–44, 347, 490–1, 494–5, 501–2, 641n35
and invasion of Lebanon, 342–4, 349, 639nn17, 20 & 22, 641n32
and talks with PLO, 498, 501–2, 655n30
Italy, 246, 293, 324, 324n, 336, 357, 363–4
pre-war, 28n, 29, 36, 40, 149
and Europe, 158, 187, 379, 475, 518n, 527, 529
and European defence, 513, 515, 639–40n23
and Red Brigades, 346, 462
Ivory Coast, 151–3, 493, 586
Izetbegović, Alija, 523–5, 550
Jacob, Odile, 573
Japan, 36, 40, 338, 364, 402–4, 478, 506, 514, 655n21
Jarnac, 15–16, 19–21, 26, 28–9, 31–3, 39, 43–4, 63, 101, 122, 128, 246, 572, 579, 598n3, 603n2, 661n6
Jaruzelski, General Wojciech, 335, 645n18
Jaurès, Jean, 267, 308, 315
Jean-Pierre, Thierry, 530, 532, 558, 659–60n58
Jeantet, Gabriel, 72, 127, 604n17, 605n19
Jeunesse Étudiante Chrétienne, 31