12. Sheridan, “Introduction,” EG, 35; T.J. to Francis Adrian Van der Kemp, April 25, 1816, EG, 369.
13. T.J. to John Adams, August 1, 1816, and John Adams to T.J., August 9, 1816, AJL, 484–485.
14. Eugene R. Sheridan, “Introduction,” EG, 35.
15. T.J. to Francis Adrian Van der Kemp, July 30, 1816, EG, 375.
16. T.J. to William Short, October 31, 1819, EG, 388.
17. Ibid., 389.
18. William Short to T.J., December 1, 1819, quoted in EG, 391.
19. Sheridan, “Introduction,” EG, 38.
20. Susan Bryan, “Reauthorizing the Text: Jefferson’s Scissor Edit of the Gospels,” Early American Literature 22 (1987): 19, 38; William S. Burroughs, Conversations with William S. Burroughs, ed. Allen Hibbard (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1999), 92.
21. Bryan, “Reauthorizing the Text,” 22.
22. T.J. to William Short, August 4, 1820, EG, 396.
23. William Peden, “A Book Peddler Invades Monticello,” 3WMQ 6 (1949): 633–634.
Chapter 40: The Autobiography
1. William Short to T.J., March 27, 1820, The Jefferson Papers (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1900), 298.
2. “Autobiography Draft Fragment,” Jefferson Papers (DLC).
3. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 6.
4. T.J. to Chastellux, October 1786, Papers, 10: 498.
5. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 15.
6. T.J. to George Mason, February 4, 1791, Papers, 19: 241.
7. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 76.
8. T.J. to Charles Thomson, January 9, 1816, EG, 365.
9. T.J. to Francis Wayles Eppes, October 6, 1820, Family Letters, 434.
10. T.J. to James Madison, January 13, 1821, The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776–1826, ed. James Morton Smith, 3 vols. (New York: Norton, 1995), 3: 1828.
11. T.J. to Francis Wayles Eppes, January 19, 1821, Family Letters, 438.
12. T.J. to Jared Mansfield, February 13, 1821, L&B, 15: 313–314.
13. Robert L. Gale, “Sully, Thomas,” ANB, 21: 131.
14. Thomas Sully to T.J., April 6, 1821, Jefferson Papers (DLC); 1828 Catalogue of the Library of the University of Virginia, ed. William Harwood Peden (Charlottesville, Va.: Alderman Library, 1945), 89.
15. Thomas Sully to T.J., April 6, 1821, Jefferson Papers (DLC).
16. Quoted in Alfred L. Bush, The Life Portraits of Thomas Jefferson: Catalogue of an Exhibition at the University of Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 12 through 26 April 1962 (Charlottesville, Va.: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1962), 92.
17. James M. Cox, “Jefferson’s Autobiography: Recovering Literature’s Lost Ground,” Southern Review 14 (1978): 639.
18. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 79.
19. Ibid.
20. Randall, 1: 384.
21. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 89–90.
22. Quoted in John Finch, Travels in the United States of America and Canada (London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, 1833), 254.
23. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 89–90.
24. Ellen Randolph Coolidge to Henry S. Randall, February 18, 1856, Randall, 3: 342.
25. Quoted in Randall, 3: 344; Jefferson at Monticello, 13.
26. Quoted in Randall, 3: 344; T.J. to Martha Jefferson Randolph, June 3, 1802, Family Letters, 227.
27. Ellen Randolph Coolidge to Henry S. Randall, February 18, 1856, Randall, 3: 342–344.
28. Cornelia Jefferson Randolph to Virginia Jefferson Randolph, April 24, 1821, FLP.
29. Rosemary Mitchell, “Hutton, Catherine,” ODNB, 29: 49–51.
30. Ellen Randolph to Martha Jefferson Randolph, April 14, 1818, FLP.
31. Cornelia Jefferson Randolph to Virginia Jefferson Randolph, April 24, 1821, FLP.
32. Ellen Randolph Coolidge to Henry S. Randall, February 18, 1856, Randall, 3: 342.
33. Cornelia Jefferson Randolph to Virginia Jefferson Randolph, July 18, 1819, FLP.
34. Ellen Wayles Randolph to Martha Jefferson Randolph, July 18, 1819, FLP.
35. T.J. to Thomas Law, June 13, 1814, EG, 355–358.
36. S. Allan Chambers, Jr., Poplar Forest and Thomas Jefferson (Forest, Va.: for the Corporation for Jefferson’s Poplar Forest, 1993), 86.
37. Cornelia Jefferson Randolph to Ellen Randolph Coolidge, August 3, 1825, FLP; “Thoughts on English Prosody,” L&B 18: 424.
38. T.J. to Francis Wayles Eppes, September 21, 1820, Family Letters, 433.
39. Ellen Randolph Coolidge to Henry S. Randall, 185?, Randall, 3: 346.
40. Dennis Wood, “Staël, Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker,” New Oxford Companion to Literature in French, ed. Peter France (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), 778.
41. Cornelia Jefferson Randolph to Virginia Jefferson Randolph, August 30, 1817, FLP.
42. Ellen Randolph Coolidge to Henry S. Randall, February 18, 1856, Randall, 3: 343.
43. Ibid.
44. T.J. to Martha Jefferson Randolph, August 18, 1817, Family Letters, 419.
45. Ellen Randolph Coolidge to Henry S. Randall, February 18, 1856, Randall, 3: 343; Memorandum Books, 2: 1218.
46. Cornelia Jefferson Randolph to Virginia Randolph, August 31, 1819, FLP.
47. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 155–156.
48. Ibid., 1: 159.
Chapter 41: The University of Virginia from Dream to Reality
1. T.J. to William Short, November 24, 1821, L&B, 18: 315.
2. T.J. to Joseph Priestley, January 18, 1800, Papers, 31: 320.
3. T.J. to Littleton Waller Tazewell, January 5, 1805, in Thomas Jefferson, Writings, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (New York: Library of America, 1984), 1151.
4. Ibid., 1150.
5. T.J. to Trustees for the Lottery of East Tennessee College, May 6, 1810, Washington, 5: 521.
6. T.J. to Peter Carr, September 7, 1814, Cabell, 389.
7. Dumas Malone, The Sage of Monticello (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970), 236–237.
8. H. Trevor Colburn, “The Reading of Joseph Carrington Cabell: ‘A List of Books on Various Subjects Recommended to a Young Man,’” Studies in Bibliography 13 (1960): 179–188.
9. Lynn A. Nelson, “Cabell, Joseph Carrington,” Dictionary of Virginia Biography, ed. John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tarter, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, 3 vols. to date (Richmond: Library of Virginia, 1998–), 2: 488–490.
10. T.J. to Joseph C. Cabell, January 5, 1815, Cabell, 37.
11. Ibid.
12. Malone, Sage of Monticello, 249.
13. “Proceedings and Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia,” Analectic Magazine 13 (1819): 103–104.
14. “Report on the University,” Niles’ Weekly Register, February 20, 1819, 79.
15. [Edward Everett,] “University of Virginia,” North American Review 10 (1820): 118.
16. Ibid., 130.
17. Ibid., 124–125.
18. Edgar Allan Poe, “Nathaniel Hawthorne,” Essays and Reviews (New York: Library of America, 1984), 588.
19. T.J. to John Adams, August 15, 1820, AJL, 565.
20. Ibid., 566–567.
21. Stephen L. Newman, “Cooper, Thomas,” ODNB, 13: 280–283; Orie William Long, Literary Pioneers: Early American Explorers of European Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1935), 36, 45; Kevin J. Hayes, Melville’s Folk Roots (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999), 68.
22. E. Lee Shepard, “Gilmer, Francis Walker,” ANB, 9: 64–65; Kevin J. Hayes, Captain John Smith: A Reference Guide (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1991), 19–20.
23. T.J. to Francis Walker Gilmer, November 25, 1823, Richard Beale Davis, “A Postscript on Thomas Jefferson and His University Professors,” Journal of Southern History 12 (1946): 425.
24. T.J. to Francis Walker Gilmer, January 20, 1825, Davis, “Postscript,” 429–430.
25. Davis, “Postscript,” 427–428.
26. Brent Tarter, “Blaetterman, George, Wilhelm,” Dictionary
of Virginia Biography, 1: 533–534; Francis Walker Gilmer to T.J., June 21, 1824, Correspondence of Thomas Jefferson and Francis Walker Gilmer, 1814–1826, ed. Richard Beale Davis (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1946), 86.
27. Francis W. Gilmer to T.J., August 27, 1824, Correspondence, 98; Christopher Stray, “Key, Thomas Hewitt,” ODNB, 31: 471–472.
28. Francis Walker Gilmer to T.J., September 15, 1824, Correspondence, 101.
29. Whitfield J. Bell, Jr., “Dunglison, Robley,” ODNB, 17: 298–299.
30. Karen Hunger Parshall, “Bonnycastle, Charles,” Dictionary of Virginia Biography, 2: 77–78.
31. Philip Alexander Bruce, History of the University of Virginia, 1819–1919, 5 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1920–1922), 2: 15–16.
32. Malcolm Lester, “Tucker, George,” ANB, 21: 892–894.
33. “Reception of Gen. Lafayette,” Richmond Enquirer, November 16, 1824.
34. Ibid.
35. Francis Walker Gilmer to T.J., September 16, 1824, and November 30, 1824, Correspondence, 102, 122.
36. George Long to Henry Tutwiler, May 30, 1875, Letters of George Long, ed. Thomas Fitzhugh (Charlottesville: The Library, University of Virginia, 1917), 23.
37. T.J. to Joseph C. Cabell, December 22, 1824, Cabell, 323.
38. Quoted in Brent Tarter, “Blaetterman, George, Wilhelm,” Dictionary of Virginia Biography, 1: 533.
39. T.J. to Joseph C. Cabell, January 11, 1825, Cabell, 330.
40. Joseph C. Cabell to T.J., January 30, 1825, Cabell, 336.
41. T.J. to Joseph C. Cabell, February 3, 1825, Cabell, 339.
Chapter 42: The Life and Soul of the University
1. Francis Walker Gilmer to T.J., July 20, 1824, Correspondence of Thomas Jefferson and Francis Walker Gilmer, 1814–1826, ed. Richard Beale Davis (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1946), 92.
2. G. C. Boase, “Gurney, Anna,” revised by John D. Haigh, ODNB; William Peden, ed., 1828 Catalogue of the Library of the University of Virginia (Charlottesville: for the Alderman Library of the University of Virginia, 1945), 107.
3. Peden, 1828 Catalogue, 107; Francis Walker Gilmer to T.J., November 30, 1824, Correspondence, 121.
4. T.J. to James Madison, August 8, 1824, The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776–1826, ed. James Morton Smith, 3 vols. (New York: Norton, 1995), 3: 1897; T.J. to George Ticknor, March 23, 1825, Jefferson Papers (DLC).
5. Peden, 1828 Catalogue, ii–iii.
6. Jefferson’s Ideas on a University Library: Letters from the Founder of the University of Virginia to a Boston Bookseller, ed. Elizabeth Cometti (Charlottesville, Va.: Tracy W. McGregor Library, 1950), 3.
7. Ellen Wayles Randolph to Nicholas P. Trist, March 30, 1824, FLP.
8. T.J. to Cummings, Hilliard, and Company, September 6, 1824, Jefferson’s Ideas, 17–18.
9. T.J. to Cummings, Hilliard, and Company, October 25, 1824, Jefferson’s Ideas, 19.
10. T.J. to Joseph Coolidge, Jr., January 15, 1825, The Jefferson Papers (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1900), 340.
11. T.J. to Cummings & Hilliard, January 14, 1825, Jefferson’s Ideas, 20–21; Joseph Coolidge, Jr., to T.J., February 23, 1825, Jefferson Papers (1900), 342.
12. Olivia Walling, “Bigelow, Jacob,” ANB, 2: 752–753; Kennard B. Bork, “Cleaveland, Parker,” ANB, 5: 42–44.
13. Douglas Johnson, “Thierry, Augustin,” New Oxford Companion to Literature in French, ed. Peter France (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), 802.
14. J. Evelyn Denison, July 30, 1825, Jefferson Papers (DLC); “Members of Parliament,” Salem Gazette, July 27, 1824.
15. Jefferson’s Ideas, 5–6.
16. T.J. to William Hilliard, May 22, 1825, Jefferson’s Ideas, 23.
17. A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller, The Cambridge History of English Literature (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1917), 14: 58–61.
18. Henry Tutwiler, “Thomas Jefferson,” Southern Opinion, October 17, 1868.
19. Virginia Randolph Trist to Ellen Randolph Coolidge, June 27, 1825, FLP.
20. Ellen Randolph Coolidge to T.J., August 1, 1825, Family Letters, 454.
21. Ibid., 456.
22. Ibid.
23. T.J. to Ellen Randolph Coolidge, August 27, 1825, Family Letters, 457.
24. Cornelia Jefferson Randolph to Ellen Randolph Coolidge, July 13, 1825, FLP.
25. Cornelia Jefferson Randolph to Ellen Randolph Coolidge, August 3, 1825, FLP.
26. Ibid.
27. T.J. to Ellen Randolph Coolidge, November 14, 1825, Family Letters, 460.
28. T.J. to Joseph Coolidge, Jr., October 13, 1825, Jefferson Papers (1900), 356–359.
29. Martha Jefferson Randolph to Ellen Randolph Coolidge, October 13, 1825, FLP.
30. Ibid.
31. Martha Jefferson Randolph to Ellen Randolph Coolidge, November 26, 1825, FLP.
32. Bernhard, Travels through North America, during the Years 1825 and 1826 (New York: G. & C. Carvill, 1828), 196–197.
33. Quoted in Randall, 3: 523; Bernhard, Travels, 197.
34. Bernhard, Travels, 197–198.
35. Kevin J. Hayes, Poe and the Printed Word (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 9.
36. Ibid., 10.
37. Thomas Jefferson Randolph to Henry S. Randall, undated, Randall, 3: 675.
38. Randall, 3: 543–549; Samuel X. Radbill, ed., “The Autobiographical Ana of Robley Dunglison,” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n.s. 53 (1963): 32–33.
39. David McCullough, John Adams (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 648.
40. Edgar Allan Poe to John Allan, September 21, 1826, The Letters of Edgar Allan Poe, ed. John Ward Ostrom (1948; reprint, with supplement, New York: Gordian Press, 1966), 1: 6.
41. Edgar Allan Poe to John Allan, September 21, 1826, Letters, 1: 6, asserts that both classes will be examined together, but as Robley Dunglison’s report of the results indicates, Richmond Enquirer, December 27, 1826, there were separate examinations for the juniors and seniors. Poe chose to be examined with the seniors and earned honors among the senior class in Latin and French.
INDEX
Abdrahaman, 309, 315–316
Acosta, José d’, Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias, 330
Adair, James, 539
Adams, Abigail (1744–1818)
correspondence with Jefferson, 295, 302, 325, 353, 355–357, 440–441, 534, 542–543
friendship with Jefferson, 290, 310
life in London, 311
life in Paris, 287, 379
life in Washington, 465
opinion of David Humphreys, 288
opinion of Mary Jefferson, 352–353
reads Jefferson’s “Syllabus, ”585
views balloon ascension, 287
Adams, Abigail (1765–1813). See, Smith, Abigail Adams
Adams, John
commissions Mather Brown to paint portraits, 322
conversation with James Duane, 168, 276
correspondence with Jefferson, 2, 4, 29, 210, 277, 290, 309, 371, 423, 426, 532–545, 564, 551, 571, 580, 584–586, 617, 619–620, 622
death of, 641
Defence of the Constitutions of the United States, 328, 393, 401
diary of, 178
Discourses on Davila, 393, 401
elected president, 431
Federalist policies, 394–395, 403, 422
friendship with Jefferson, 355, 532–545
inauguration of, 434, 436, 449
judicial appointments of, 461–462
life in London, 314
life in Paris, 145
mission to Amsterdam, 356–358
opinion of Jonathan Jackson, 284
owns Voltaire’s Oeuvres, 553
policy toward the Barbary States, 309, 315–317
presidential administration, 441, 461–462, 465, 468, 472
reads Harrington’s Oceana, 264
reads Johnson’s Lives
of the Poets, 287, 292
reads Notes on the State of Virginia, 243, 292
receives Barton’s Memoirs of David Rittenhouse, 570
serves in the Continental Congress, 167–168, 171, 178, 187,
serves on commission to negotiate treaties of amity and commerce, 270, 281, 291, 309–310, 315–316
serves as vice president, 394
supports Alien and Sedition Acts, 441, 500
views balloon ascension, 287
visits English gardens with Jefferson, 319–320
writes letters of introduction, 557
Adams, John Quincy
acquires Johnson’s Lives of the Poets, 287
authors “Publicola” essays, 401
book buying in Berlin, 539
conversations with Jefferson, 276–277, 311, 509–510
diary of, 145
enjoyment of poetry, 510
inauguration, 628
Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory, 535, 537
reads Jefferson’s “Syllabus,” 586
reads Notes on the State of Virginia, 292
visits Jefferson in Paris, 290
Adams, Samuel, 168, 171
Adams, Thomas, 5–6, 121, 147–148
Addison, Joseph, 8, 251
“Letter from Italy,” 308
Miscellaneous Works, 26
Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, 342, 574
Adet, Pierre Auguste, 420–421, 429
Adlum, John, Memoir on the Cultivation of the Vine, 573
Aeschylus, 117, 425, 608
Aesop, Fables, 17–19, 427, 608
Aikman, William
bookshop of, 166–167, 172
circulating library, 166, 172, 218
leaves Annapolis for Jamaica, 172
Aitken, Robert
bookbinding skills, 194, 472
bookshop of, 168, 191, 194
estimate to print Notes on the State of Virginia, 265, 270
Akenside, Mark, 9
Pleasures of Imagination, 73–75, 77, 85
Aldrich, Henry, Elements of Civil Architecture, 631
Alexandria Gazette, 555
’Ali, Sharaf al-Din, Histoire de Timur-Bec, 426
Allen, Paul, 478–479, 484
Allen, Thomas, 396
Alvarez, Francisco, Noticia del Establecimiento y Poblacion de les Colonias Inglesas en la America Septentrional, 633
Ambler, Jacquelin, 68
American and British Chronicle of War and Politics, 502–503
The Road to Monticello Page 92