nomenklatura xxi, 294, 360, 367, 443–4
Norilsk 415
North, D. 478
North Caucasus 13, 349, 514
North Korea 485, 517
Northern War 110, 113, 123, 542
Norway 390
Nove, A. 344, 358
Novgorod 4–6, 8–9, 11–17, 23–5, 28–9, 32, 35–6, 40–1, 46, 51, 54, 56–7, 65, 70, 72, 75, 82–3, 88, 539–42
Novikov, N. 164–5
Novocherkassk 432, 436, 553
Novodevichii Convent 98–9, 102
Novosergeevsk 104
Novosibirsk 447
Novosilskie 39
Novosiltsev, N. 170
nuclear disarmament 456–7
Nye, J. 107
Nystadt, Peace of, 123
Ob River 34
objectivism 338
obrok 37, 47
October Manifesto 237, 255, 548
October Revolution (1917) 288, 291, 306, 311, 348–9, 360, 369, 419, 494
Octobrists 255, 257, 261–3, 276, 299
Oder 382
Odessa 155, 248, 256, 375, 545, 548
odnodvortsy 140
Odoevskie princes 39
Official Nationality 186–7, 191–3
Ogurtsov, 94
oil 215, 265, 289, 380, 400, 443, 454–5, 473–4, 498–501, 504, 523–7, 560–1
Oistrakh, D. 363
Oka River 4, 21, 36, 38–41
Old Belief 59, 89, 114, 161
Old Bolsheviks 290, 369
Old Testament Trinity (icon) 24
Oleg 3
Olga 3, 5
Olgerd 26
oligarchs 469, 471, 492
Olonets 123
Omsk 297
On the Corruption of Morals 164
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 429, 553
Onega River 34–5, 183, 367, 389, 457
opala 55
Open Society 506
Operation Bagration 382
Operation Barbarossa 374
Operation Blue 330
Operation Citadel 381
Operation Tycoon 375
Operation Urans 381
oprichnina 33, 40, 50–1, 53, 60–1, 63–4, 541
optimists 263, 267
Order of St Andrew 114
Order of the Apostle Andrew the
First-Called 108
Ordin-Nashchokin, A.L. 80, 86
Ordzhonikidze, G.K. 345, 363–4
Orel 215, 298, 381
Orenburg 129, 153, 156, 544
Organic Statute 186
Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 522, 559
Orgnabor 352
Orpheus und Eurydice 87
Orthodox Church: see clergy; Russian
Orthodox Church
OSCE see Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Osterman, A. 112, 125–6, 128
Ostiaki, 34
Osvobozhdenie 249
Otrepev, Iu. 67
Ottoman Empire 79, 85–6, 91, 98, 103–4, 106, 134–5, 170, 175, 179, 195, 197, 230, 244–5, 270, 542, 544
Ozerlag 415
Padua 105
Pahlen, P. 169–70
Painter, The 164
Palace of Congresses 438
Pale of Settlement 223–4
Paleostrov Monastery 97
Palestine 195
Palitsyn, A. 73
Palmquist 78
Panin, N. 169–70, 186
Papal States 216
Paris Club 556
Paris Commune 242
Paris, Peace of, 242
partible inheritance 146, 155
partocracy 433, 435–6, 439–40
party conferences 295, 348, 356, 554
party congresses 295, 308–14, 358, 362, 364, 378, 416, 426–7, 435, 438, 443, 449, 549–50, 552–4
Party of Socialist Revolutionaries (PSR) xxi, 547, 246, 249, 250, 263, 276, 285, 287, 291, 296, 302, 547
Pashukanis, E.B. 357
passport system 236, 354, 425
Patkul, J.R. von 109
Patriarch of Constantinople, 6, 27
patriarchate 65, 76, 85, 88, 98, 119, 391, 541
patrimony 20, 32
Paul I: 149, 166, 168
Paulus, F. von 380–1, 551
Pavel, bishop of Kolomna 89
Pavlov, D.G. 388
‘peaceful coexistence’ 319, 321, 428
Peasant Bank 232
Peasant Union 253
peasantry 14, 35–7, 40, 42, 46–7, 50–1, 53–5, 60, 64, 66–9, 71–2, 74, 76, 79–81, 83–5, 89, 93, 113, 120, 124, 136–8, 140–2, 145, 149, 152–3, 156–7, 159, 161, 166, 172, 181, 185–6, 188–90, 195, 198, 201, 203–9, 211, 213–15, 219, 221–2, 225–7, 229, 232, 236–8, 240, 245–6, 252–6, 259–60, 264, 270, 274–5, 278, 282, 284–6, 191–6, 198–9, 302–4, 308, 310, 314, 316, 322–5, 328–9, 333–7, 339, 342–4, 346, 347–54, 356, 358, 362, 367, 369–70, 384, 386, 391, 421, 430–3, 441, 540–1, 544–7
Pechenegs 4, 7, 9
Pecherskii Monastery 539
Pechora 34
Peking 79
Pelevin, V. 513
pensions 425, 434, 437, 466, 481–2, 497, 502, 511–12, 525–6
People’s Deputies 459–61, 465, 554
People’s Rights Party 240
People’s Will 240, 246, 546
peredvizhniki 218
Pereiaslavl 5, 10, 12–14, 46, 57, 85
perestroika xxi, 435, 450–1, 457–61, 504, 513, 553–4
Perevolochna 116
Perm 34–5, 52
Perry, J. 107, 109
Persia 15, 129, 195
Peru 475, 478
Perun 6
pessimists 263
Peter and Paul Cathedral 123
Peter and Paul Fortress 114
Peter I (‘the Great’) xiii, 63, 78–9, 82, 90, 95, 98, 100, 112, 124, 126, 128–9, 131, 135, 141, 151, 155, 160, 174, 192, 238, 244, 543
Peter II 116, 125–6, 543–4
Peter III 132, 134, 141, 146–7, 149–50, 155–6, 544
Peter, Metropolitan 22, 25–6, 58
Peterhof 118
Petersburg soviet 253, 255
Peterson, A.M. 420
Petitions Chancery 57
Petrashevskii circle 193–4, 546
Petrograd 273–7, 279–80, 286, 288, 290–1, 293, 295, 298, 312, 348, 548
Petrograd soviet 275–7, 279–80, 290, 548
Petrovskoe 142
Photius, Metropolitan 29
Piatakov, G.L. 311, 365, 550
Pimen, Metropolitan 26
Pipes, R. 283
plague 53
Platonov 64, 80
Plehve, G. 250
Plekhanov, G. 547
Plenipotentiary (polpred) 508
Pobedonostsev, K.P. 230–1
Podgornyi, N.V. 434, 438
pogroms 256, 286, 303, 350, 432, 547–8
Poland 9, 14, 18, 59, 70, 72–7, 83–6, 98, 103, 105–6 116, 123, 135–6, 151, 174–5, 186, 195, 197, 224, 244, 256, 278, 296, 371, 378, 382, 402, 418, 449, 460, 484, 517, 523, 541–2, 544–5, 551, 557, 561–2
Poland-Lithuania 103, 106, 541–2
Poliane 3
Polianovka 78
Policeystaat 93
Polish constitution (1791) 136
Polish rebellion of 1830–1: 545
Polish rebellion of 1863: 224, 546
Polish sejm 72, 75, 181
Polish Succession, War of, 129, 544
Politburo 313, 315, 345, 349, 364–6, 404, 414, 418, 420, 435, 438–40, 446–8, 450, 452–3, 456–7, 459, 549–50
Politkovskaia, A. 505, 561
poll tax 124, 137–9, 142, 144, 154, 207, 221, 232, 547
Polotsk 4, 90, 93, 97
Polotskii, S. 90, 93, 97
Polovtsy 9–11, 13, 539
Polozkov, I. 554
Poltava 114–7, 121, 543, 547
Poltava 111
Pomerantsev, V. 413
&nb
sp; pomest’e 46
Popular Front 361, 370
population xi, 7–9, 11, 22, 34–8, 54, 56, 58, 72, 79, 81, 91, 120, 129, 134, 136–9, 141–2, 144, 147, 151, 153–5, 158, 214, 221, 223, 237–8, 256, 308, 314, 328, 337, 343, 350, 352–4, 369, 380, 384–6, 390–1, 393, 395, 402, 406, 408, 416, 427–8, 430, 443–4, 460, 462, 464, 473, 481–3, 486, 497, 509, 511–16, 520–3
populism 226–8, 230, 238, 241, 246–7, 345, 366, 409–10, 414, 421, 427, 546
poruchnye zapisi 40
posad xxi, 37, 39, 47, 54
positivism 265
posluzhil’tsy 46
Pososhkov, I. 112
Postnikov, P. 105–7
Potanin, V. 469, 561
Potemkin, G. 135, 149
Potsdam Conference 393, 551
poverty line 425, 444, 481, 510
‘power ministries’ 502
Pozharskii, d. 72, 133, 541
Poznan 418
Pravda x, 349, 363, 409, 413, 415, 418, 431, 550
Predestinatsiia 108
Preobrazhenskii Bureau 105, 114, 126
Preobrazhenskii, E. 324–6
Preobrazhenskoe 87, 102, 104, 118
Presidential Council 461
presidential elections 491, 501, 507, 556, 558, 560
Presidium 410–11, 422, 435
price revolution 153, 155
prikaz xxi, 52, 77, 80
Primary Chronicle 3, 8, 27
‘primitive socialist accumulation’ 324
Prinkipo Conference 300
Primakov, E. 468–9, 492, 557
printing 78, 157, 162, 164, 194, 414
Pripet marshes 375, 382
Prisoner of the Mountains 473
privatization 465–6, 472–3, 475, 477, 479–80, 490, 504, 555–7
professions 60, 219–22, 235, 283, 356, 358–9, 363, 366, 403, 513
Progressive Bloc 271, 276, 548
Prokof’ev, S.S. 397
Prokopovich, Feofan 118, 123, 126, 159
Poletkult xxi, 304, 337
Promethianism 345
prostitution 327, 483
Protestantism 43, 126
provincial administration 158, 277, 544
Provisional Duma Committee 275
Provisional Government 274–81, 283–8, 290, 293, 297, 299, 301, 303, 548
Prussia 33, 106, 116, 123, 134–6, 174, 196, 382, 402
Pruth campaign 120, 543
Pskov 15, 32, 35, 40, 47–8, 51, 56, 82–3, 86, 540, 542
PSR see Party of Socialist
Revolutionaries
Public Chamber 560
publishing 117, 158, 163, 165, 437; see also newspapers;
printing
Pudovkin, V.I. 338, 397
Pugachev, E. 156–7
Pugachev Rebellion 132, 155–6, 158, 544
purges 341, 355–6, 360, 363–6, 369, 371–2, 377–8, 388, 402, 404; see also Great Terror
Pushkin, A.S. 66, 190, 192, 361
Putilov factory 251
Putin, V.V. xiv, 451, 471, 488, 527, 558–62
putsch (1991) 463–4, 554
Pyrmont 121
quitrent (obrok) 148, 153–4
rabfak xxi, 334
Rabonowitch, A. 286
Rabkrin xxi; see Workers’ and
Peasants’ Inspectorate
Radek, K. 365, 550
Radimichi 4
Radio Liberty 505
Radishchev, A.N. 164, 545
Raeff, M. 134
railways 196, 216, 253, 275, 353, 385
Rajk, L. 402
Rapallo, Treaty of, 320, 549
Rasputin, G. 267, 271, 548
rationalism 184
Razin, F. 83
Razin Rebellion 84, 89, 542
Razin, S. 84
raznochintsy 137
razriadnye knigi 50
re-kulakization 350
Reagan, R. 450, 457, 517, 553
realism 190–1, 265, 301, 413, 515
Red Army 289, 298, 300, 302–3, 327, 337, 354, 365, 371, 374, 377–83, 386, 392, 395–6, 550
Red Guards 288
Red Professors, Institute of, 334–5, 339
Red Scare 319
Red Square 72, 95–6, 118–198, 230, 312, 385, 438
redemption payments 207, 213, 215, 236, 259
reform 43, 61, 63, 76, 88, 91–3, 96, 100, 109, 126–7, 158, 161, 166, 168–73, 176–7, 179–90, 192, 194–7, 199–200, 209–20, 222–3, 225, 227–30, 233, 237, 240, 250, 254, 257–60, 262, 264, 278–80, 302, 310, 400, 405, 408–12, 415–16, 418, 420–2, 424, 427, 430, 432, 434–6, 442, 451, 461, 470, 479, 497, 507–8, 516, 541, 543, 545–9, 553–4, 558–9
Reformation 43, 45, 117, 119
refugees 272
rehabilitation 334, 359, 407, 415–18, 420, 552, 555
religion xi, 6, 117, 159, 161, 182, 191, 278, 306, 335, 337–8, 413, 446, 513;
see also Russian Orthodox Church
Renaissance 58, 101, 117–8, 489, 514
Repin, I. 223
Reporters without Borders, 505
Republic of Ishkeriia 556
Reserve Fund 455, 498, 562
Reval 86, 116
revolt 94, 150, 157, 184, 190, 227, 309, 358, 422, 509, 542–3, 545, 549; see also disorders; uprising
Revolution of 1905: 273, 548
revolutionary defencism 279–80, 282
Reykjavik Summit 457
Riazan 14, 28, 32, 36, 39, 41, 72, 284, 431, 540
Riga 86, 110, 116, 420
Rice, C. 516
Riga 86, 110, 116, 420
‘right deviation’ 316, 327, 550; see also Right Opposition
Right Opposition 314–5, 326, 344, 351, 550
Rittersporn, G. 367
Riurik 1, 3–4
Riurikid 4, 6–10, 14–17, 19, 24, 31–2, 64–6, 68, 539, 541
Riutin, M.N. 351
Robbins, R. 239
Rodchenko, A. 338
rodoslovnye knigi 50
Rokossovskii, K.I. 378
Roman Empire 59, 106, 112, 133
Romania 371, 376, 382, 393, 551
Romanov, F.N. 65, 70–7, 89, 542
Romanovs 49, 63
romanticism, 191, 193, 225
Rome 58–9, 93, 107, 118, 120, 133, 209, 269, 302, 345, 440, 507
Romodanovskii, F. 102
Roosevelt, F.D. 388–9
Rosenberg, W. 284, 289
Rosicrucians 165
rossiiskii xii
ROSTA 303
Rostislav Mstislavich 11–12
Rostov 14–15, 19–21, 32, 39, 46, 57, 248, 391, 440, 540, 546, 548
Rostov-Suzdal 5, 11
Rostovtsev, Ia.I. 546
Rowlandson, T. 136
Royal Society 107, 116
Rozanov, V.V. 265
RSFSR, 351, 395, 444
Rtishchev, F.M. 87
Rublev, A. 22
Rudder 51
Ruhr 313
‘Russia at the Turn of the
Millennium’ 493, 558
Russian Academy of Sciences see Academy of Sciences
Russian Ark 513
Russian Association of Proletarian
Writers 339, 356
Russian Federation xii, 411, 462, 464–5, 486, 495, 554, 560
Russian Orthodox Church xii-xiii, 6–9, 11–12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25–7, 32, 35, 37–40, 43–5, 52, 56–9, 61, 64–6, 68–9, 71, 78, 82, 85, 87–90, 92, 96, 98, 106, 119, 122–3, 136, 141, 156, 159–61, 165, 194, 210, 212, 214, 219–20, 223–4, 229, 278, 300, 328, 331, 333, 335–7, 350, 361, 388–9, 391, 413, 429, 513–14, 539, 541–2, 544, 546–7, 549, 551; see also clergy; monasteries
Russian Social Democratic Workers
Party (RSDWP) 242, 246, 253, 547
russification 132, 232, 448, 547
Russkaia Pravda 5, 51
Russo-Japanese War 249, 259, 548
Russo-Swedish War of 1741–3: 544
Russo-Turkish War of 1676–81: 542
Russo-Turkish War of 173
6–9: 129, 544
Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74: 157, 544
Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92: 544
Russo-Turkish War of 1877–8: 230, 546
Ruthenia 402
Ruysch, F. 106
Rykov 314–5, 324, 362, 365, 550
Ryswick, Treaty of, 106
Sacred Book of the Werewolf 513
Sadaev, M. 561
St Basil’s Cathedral 57
St Cyril Monastery 35, 37
St Isaac’s Cathedral 133
St Petersburg 100, 109–111, 113, 115–16, 118–23, 126, 128–30, 133, 145, 147, 149, 151–3, 163–4, 169, 173, 182–3, 194, 196, 206, 219, 222, 226, 229–30, 232, 241–2, 245, 248, 250, 253, 255, 483, 490, 496, 502, 522, 543, 545–7, 561; see also Leningrad; Petrograd
St Petersburg Naval Academy 110, 543
St Petersburg University 182, 522, 545
Sajudis, 554
Sakharov, A.D. 447–8, 456, 553
SALT-I, 445, 553
SALT-II 445, 553
Saltykov 74
Samara 298
Samarin, Iu. 201, 223
samizdat 446–7
samobytnost’ 187, 200
samoderzhets 62
Samoedy 34
samotek 352
samovlastie 58
Sandomierz 67
Sapieha, J. 69
Sarai, 15, 17, 21, 23, 26, 28
Savigny, F.K. von 180
Saxony 106, 108, 115
Scandinavia 2–5, 539
Schmidt, G.F. 135
scholarship 46, 342–3, 408
schools, see education
Schütz, H. 87
Schwartz, J. 165
science 119–20, 225, 248, 330, 334, 336, 339, 357, 397, 403, 444
scientific revolution 117, 119
SCO see Shanghai Cooperation
Organization
Sea of Okhotsk 79
SD 249, 261, 269; see also Russian
Social Democratic Workers Party
Second All-Russian Congress of
Soviets 290, 292
Second Five-Year Plan 358, 550
Secret Chancellery 87
secret police 127, 183, 203, 391, 404, 410, 471, 490; see also KGB; NKVD;
Third Section
secretariat 310, 315
secularization of Church lands 141, 544
Security Council 469, 472, 485, 490, 502, 517, 556
Sejm 70–2, 75, 181
Selected Correspondence with Friends 192
Semen 19–20
Semen (Bekbulatovich) 541
Semipalatinsk 344, 438
Senate 71, 112, 130, 158, 1702, 176, 182, 185, 543
Serbia 129, 484
seredniak xxii, 302, 348
serf 94, 132, 137, 140–6, 148–9, 153–7, 166, 172–3, 181, 185, 188–91, 197–8, 202, 205–8, 210, 212, 218, 220, 235, 544–6
serfdom 81, 142, 146, 153, 155, 157, 164, 167, 170, 172, 182, 185, 188–9, 191–2, 197, 199–202, 204–5, 209, 216, 231, 236, 342, 546
Sermon on Law and Grace 8
Serpukhov 20–1, 78, 419
Sestroetsk 120
Sevastopol 419, 551, 557
Seven Years War 134, 544
Russia A History Page 69