Queens Consort
Page 62
Edward, Prince of Wales (son of Henry VI and Marguerite), 373; birth, 346; tours Midlands with mother, 348; disinherited, 351; marriage to Anne Neville, 368—9, 370; death, 374
Edward, Prince of Wales (son of Richard III and Anne Neville), 382, 383
Edward, son of King Malcolm, 43
Edward I King (son of Henry III and Eleanor), 166, 168, 169, 175, 176, 179, 185, 187, 188; and death of Eleanor of Castile, 190, 201, 202; imprisoned, 190—1; crusading, 191, 192—4; common interests with Eleanor, 196; passion for falconry, 196; literary patronage, 197; and Arthurian legend, 198; providing for Eleanor, 200, 201; love for Eleanor, 202; marriage to Marguerite of France, 204, 205—6; Scots campaign, 204, 205; and birth of son Thomas, 206; and children’s religious education, 206—7; leisure pursuits, 207; relationship with Marguerite, 207—8; and son Edward’s relationship with Piers Gaveston, 209, 210; uxoriousness, 219; love of music, 223; death, 210; funeral, 210—11
Edward II, King (son of Edward I and Eleanor), 154, 194, 195, 202, 204, 208; relationship with stepmother Marguerite, 208—10; supposed homosexuality, 209, 223, 229, 230, 245—6 see also Gaveston, Sir Piers; father’s funeral, 210—11; marriage to Isabella, 211, 212; coronation, 212—13, 301; injunctions, 214—15; pursuit by Earl of Lancaster’s forces, 215—16; restores properties, 217; fondness of lower classes, 223; leisure pursuits, 223—4; love of music, 223—4; relationship with wife Isabella, 224, 225, 229—30, 231; and treaty of Leake, 225—6; and Marcher lords, 226—7, 228; ‘tyranny’ of, 229; Scottish campaign, 230; and departure of Isabella, 233—4; and Isabella’s invading army, 237, 238, 239, 246; imprisoned by Isabella’s army, 238—9; Great Seal, 239; deposed, 240—1; death, 241—2, 245, 246; ‘Song’ or ‘Lament’, 247; funeral, 251
Edward II (Marlowe), 241
Edward III, King (son of Edward II and Isabella), 235, 236; and Arthurian legend, 198; birth, 216—17, 224; invested as Duke of Aquitaine, 233; made Keeper of the Realm, 238; as new King, 240—1; marriage to Philippa of Hainault, 241, 251, 252; claim to French crown, 242, 243, 245; moves against Mortimer, 244—5; plays down mother’s role in death of her husband, 246—7; relations with mother, 248; treaty with France, 249; interest in books, 253, 261—2; tournaments staged, 256; questions treaty of Northampton, 257; Scottish campaign, 257, 259; financial matters, 258 260; declares war on France, 259; relationship with Philippa, 260; motto, ‘Honi soit qui mal y pense’, 261, 262; and order of the Garter, 261, 262; campaign in France, 261, 263; and Catherine Montague, 262; claim to French throne, 262—3; estranged from Philippa, 264; visit to Calais, 264—5; and Hainault, 266; and mistress Alice Perrers, 271, 272; death, 273, 284; and male succession, 284—5
Edward IV, King (son of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville), 319; as Earl of March, 339, 349—50, 351, 352, 353, 354; proclaimed Edward IV, 353; coronation, 354, 358—9; meets Elizabeth Woodville, 355, 358; marriage to Elizabeth, 356, 358; relationship with Elizabeth, 358, 378, 379, 416; appearance, 358, 383; and Elizabeth’s coronation, 360; taken prisoner, 364, 365; and Earl of Warwick, 365; released from prison, 365; funds ‘Black Douglases’ conspiracy, 367; and Wars of the Roses, 368, 373; and rising in the north, 369; and return of Earl of Warwick, 370; leaves England, 370; and Charles of Burgundy, 371—2, 415; returns to England, 372—3; refoundation of dynasty, 374, 376; and Lord Gruuthuyse, 377; mistresses, 378, 379; illegitimate children, 378, 409; and execution of Duke of Clarence, 379; claimed to be illegitimate, 389; marriage to Elizabeth deemed illegitimate, 389, 396; marriage proposal for Henry Tudor, 393; ancestry, 406; building projects, 415; court, 416; death, 383
Edward V, King (son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville), 371, 389, 402; desire to see crowned, 384; proclaimed King, 384; arrives in London, 387, 388; created Prince of Wales, 392; death of, 392—3, 394, 396—7, 406—7
Edward the Confessor, King, 19, 25, 29—30, 31, 45, 197, 278
Edward ‘The Exile’, 30, 40
Egremont Castle, 272
Eleanor, daughter of Duke Richard II of Normandy, 19
Eleanor, daughter of Edward I and Eleanor, 191, 194—5
Eleanor, daughter of Edward II and Isabella, 224, 238, 256
Eleanor, daughter of Henry III and Eleanor, 186, 187
Eleanor, daughter of John and Isabelle, 150, 156
Eleanor, Henry III’s sister, 172
‘Eleanor crosses’, 190, 20l, 202, 237, 238
Eleanor of Aquitaine (later Queen of France of England), 47, 53, 55, 64, 90, 400; historical perception of, 95; inheritance, 95, 96; betrothed to Louis VII of France, 96, 97; coronation, 97; marriage to Louis, 97, 100; unsuitability as queen raised, 99, 100; and birth of Marie, 99—100; extravagance, 100; romantic nonsense regarding, 100—1; on Second Crusade, 101—2, 103, 104, 105, 106, 293; adultery with Prince Raymond, 104—5; as symbol of seductress displacing nations, 105; divorce from Louis, 106, 107, 108, 109, 246; comes to understanding with Henry II regarding Geoffrey of Anjou, 108; kidnap attempts, 109; marries Henry II, 107, 109, 175; actions following marriage to Henry, 109—10; crowned Queen of England, 110; role as queen, 110—11; children, 111; and Henry’s affair with Rosamund, 111; separation from Henry and return to Aquitaine, 112; at Fontevrault abbey, 113, 136 147—8; and Richard’s investiture as Duke of Aquitaine, 113—14; conspires against Henry, 114—16; imprisoned, 116, 117, 118, 317; released from imprisonment, 119; as Richard’s regent in England, 120; and Berengaria of Navarre, 120—1; journey with Berengaria, 121—2, 123, 124; and son Richard’s imprisonment, 126—7, 128—9, 130—1; and son John’s attempt to usurp Richard, 127, 128; correspondence with Pope Celestine III, 128; reunited with son Richard, 129; presides over reconciliation between sons, 131; and death of Richard, 133; and daughter Marie’s wedding, 134; goes to war, 136; inaugurates communes or corporations, 137; pays homage to Philip Augustus, 137; travels in France, 137; and son John, 142—3; at court of Castile, 143; at Mirebeau, 143—4, 147; death, 147, 148; charters, 150
Eleanor of Brittany, 152, 187, 188
Eleanor of Castile (later Queen of England), 47, 166, 175, 176, 187, 188, 189; parents, 190; and imprisoned husband, 190—1; children, 191, 192, 194—5, 202; promotes royal affinity, 192; on crusade with Edward, 193; desire for comfort, 195—6; common interests with Edward, 196; love of food, 196; love of gardens, 196; and books, 196—7; as religious patron, 198—9; character, 199; pursuit of wealth, 199—201, 205; habit of bathing regularly, 217—18; death, 201—2; celebrated for her death, 190, 201—2, 219, 237, 238
Eleanor of Provence (later Queen of England), 47, 200, 424, 425; family, 165; dower arrangements, 166; marries Henry III, 166; adjusts to marriage and queenship, 166, 167; love of gardens, 167; intimacy with Henry, 167—8, 171, 173; relationship with Savoyards, 168—9, 170—1; on campaign in Poitou, 169; children, 171, 184—5; fund raising, 171; and De Toesny lands, 171—2; dispute with Henry, 171—2, 173; New Year gifts exchanged, 174, 183; as regent in Henry’s absence, 174—5, 327; and son Edward’s marriage, 176; travelling in France, 176; obliged to borrow for Edmund, 178; finances, 178, 179, 180, 184; extravagance, 179; indifference to lesser subjects, 179—80; swears oath of allegiance, 180; and rebellion, l81—4, 188; and Simon de Montfort, 183; supports Henry in reassertion of royal authority, 183; accounts, 184—5; jewel-giving ritual, 185; and death of daughter Katherine, 185—6; grandchildren, 186—7; and death of husband Henry, 187; enters convent, 187—8; and literature, 197—8; death, 188—9
Elias, Norbert, 421—2
Elizabeth, daughter of Edward I and Eleanor, 194—5, 208
Elizabeth, Empress of Bohemia, 289
Elizabeth I, Queen, 417, 425
Elizabeth of York (later Queen of England; daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth), 360, 365, 375, 387, 393, 396; Richard III’s interest in, 398—9, 400; Henry Tudor swears to marry, 395; betrothal to Henry Tudor, 399, 404; and motherin-law Margaret Beaufort, 401, 411; sent away from court, 401; after Bosworth, 404; marries Henry Tudor, 404—5; coronation, 405—6, 408; interest in books, 412—13; children, 413,
417; linguistic skills, 414; economies, 416; and Westminster tournament, 416; quiet life, 417; death, 417
Eltham, 256, 262, 269, 278, 287, 294, 299, 308, 343, 415
Ely, 24
Emma, Queen of England, 22, 23—5
Emma of Anjou, 117
Encomium Emmae Reginae, 24—5
Eneydos, 412
Epau, Nôtre Dame de la Pieté-Dieu, 140
Ephesus, 102
Erdburg, 126
Essex, Earl of, 84
Estella, Navarre, Santa Clara convent, 309
Estoire des Engleis, 63
Eton college, 377
Eu, 19
Eu, Ralph of, 147
Eu, Robert of, 28
Eugenius III, Pope, 89, 101, 106—7
Eustace, son of Stephen and Matilda, 72, 73, 81
Eveline, Lady, 206
Everswell garden, 111, 112
Evesham, battle of (1265), 183, 191
Evreux, 307
Evreux, Comte d’, 216, 217
Ewelm, Oxfordshire, 375
Excalibur, 123
Exeter, 148, 156, 309, 373, 395; Castle, 156; St Peter, 62
Exeter, Duchess of, 297
Exeter, Thomas, Duke of, 329
Eynsham, Adam of, 133
Ezzi, Bernard, 264
Falaise, 148, 149
Falaise, John de, 218
Falcon, 395
Falkirk, battle of (1298), 205
Falmouth, 309
Farnham, Nicholas, 167
Faversham Abbey, 74, 75, 87, 90, 91
Faye, Raoul de, 113, 116
Fécamp, 33
Felsted, Essex, 35
Ferdinand III of Castile, 175—6
Ferdinand of Spain, 392
Fieschi, Beatrice di, 177
Fieschi, Ottobuono di, 183, 191
Fiennes, Isabella de, 182
Fifteen Oes, The, 412—13
fine, ‘La Pleasuance’, 299
Fishmongers, Guild of, 217
FitzCount, Brian, 78, 80
FitzGilbert, Constance, 63
Fitzhugh, Lord, 369
Fitzjohn, Lady, 77
FitzNigel, Richard, 115
FitzPhilip, John, 166
FitzStephen, Ralph, 118
Fitzstephen, Thomas, 60
Fitz-Waryne, Mabel, 258—259
Flambard, Ralph, bishop of Durham, 63—64
Flanders, 19, 22, 30, 36, 182, 259, 263; dynastic connection with England, 23; title of, 70
Flanders, Countess of, 101
Flanders, counts of, 17, 122, 274
Flanders, Ferand of, 153
Flanders, Robert, Count of, 36
Flanders, Thierry of, 77, 103
Flanders, William Clito, Count of, 70, 71, 72, 77
Flemish mercenaries, 77
Fleury, Hugh de, 75
Flint Castle, 300
Flintshire, 327
Foliot, Gilbert, 78, 80—1
Fontevrault, 61, 109, 122, 133, 134, 135, 136 137, 140, 160, 187, 188; abbey, 96, 113, 134, 142, 147, 148, 176
Forme of Cury, The, 278
Formigny, battle of (1450), 341
Forz, Aveline de, 184, 186
Fotheringhay Castle, 362
Foulquois, Guy, 183
Franciscans, 207, 218, 249
François l, King, 323
François II of Brittany, 393
François of Luxembourg, 409
Frangipane, James, 196
Franklin (kettle-drummer), 224
Frederick, Emperor of Hapsburg, 336
Frederick II, Emperor, 177
Frederick of Austria, 259—60
Freising, Otto of, 106
Froissart, Jean, 211, 232, 244 251, 261, 262, 264—5, 268, 270, 273, 283, 292, 294, 295—6
Frowick, Thomas de, 206
Fulbert ‘the chamberlain’, 20
Furness, Lancashire, 75
Gaimar, 63
Gambon, Joan, 256
Garter, order of the, 261, 262, 263, 297—8
Gascony, 96, 169, 175, 176, 204, 231, 259, 344, 345
Gatesden, John of, 166, 167
Gaveston, Amiciua de, 258—9
Gaveston, Sir Piers, 209, 210, 211, 212—14, 215, 216, 224, 230, 246, 283, 301
Gay, Gerard de, 260
Geddington, 311
Genoa, 120
Geoffrey, son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Empress Matilda, 87, 109
Geoffrey, son of Henry II and Eleanor, 111, 115, 117, 119
Geoffrey of Anjou, 28, 36, 65, 70—1, 73, 76, 86, 87, 90, 108, 109
Gerberoy castle, 38
Gerbod, 19
Gertrude, Countess of Frisia, 36
Gervase, son of Stephen and Matilda, 76
Gervase of Canterbury, 104, 115—16, 127; clerk to, 86
Gesta Stephani, 69, 71, 81, 83, 88, 91, 92
Ghent, 260
Ghostly Grace, 390
Giffard, William, 49
gifts, New Year, 174
Gillingham, 311
Gillingham, Professor, 388
Gisors, 127, 133
Glamorgan, 226
Glanville, Ranulf, 118
Glastonbury, 198
Gloucester, 42, 81, 83, 151, 166, 167, 181, 237, 238; St Peter’s, 58; tomb of Edward II, 242
Gloucester, Earl of, 183, 184, 216, 226, 293, 295—6, 297
Gloucester, Eleanor de Bohun, Duchess of, 294, 295, 318—19
Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of, 195, 209, 210
Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, 318, 319, 327, 332, 341, 342, 372
Gloucester, Isabella of, 143, 145, 149—50
Gloucester, Joan, Countess of (daughter of Edward I and Eleanor), 191, 193, 194—5, 208
Gloucester, Mabel, Countess of, 79, 84, 85
Gloucester, Miles of, 80
Gloucester, Robert of (Henry I’s illegitimate son), 65, 70, 78, 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86; son William, 85
Gloucester, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of, 284, 286, 289
Glyndwr, Owen, 331
Godelan (minstrel), 260
Godfrey (Eleanor of Castile’s artist), 197—8
Godfrey of Reims, 75
Godfrey ‘The Great’, 60—1
Godgifu, Countess of the Vexin, 30, 34
Godwin, Earl of Wessex, 24, 30
Gould, William, 371
Gourney, Thomas, 241
Gower, 226
Gower, John, 276
Grace, illegitimate daughter of Edward IV, 409
Grafton, Northamptonshire, 356
Granville, Bartholomew, 27
Gras, Richard le, 166
Gravelines, 274
Great Missal of Westminster, 280
Greek fire, 129
Greenfield, William, 213
Greenwich, 346—7, 417
Gregory X, Pope, 194
Grenville, Joan de, 225
Grestain, 38, 39
Grey, John, 353, 357
Grey, Lady Elizabeth, see Woodville, Elizabeth
Grey, Lord, 348
Grey, Sir Edward, 357, 386, 387, 388, 390
Grey of Ruthin, Joan Lady, 361
Grimsby, 205
Grosseteste, Robert de, 172
Gruel, Guillaume, 315
Gruuthuyse, Lord, 371, 377, 415
Guelders, Mary of, 366
Guildford, 145, 172, 187, 195, 254, 262; Dominican priory, 187
Guillaume Gruel, 315
Guines, 350
Guisborough Chronicle, The, 193
Gundrada, daughter of Matilda of Flanders, 19
Gundulph of Rochester, 55
Gunnhildr, daughter of King Harold, 42, 43
Gurdon, Adam, 183
Gyrth, Earl, 33
Gytha, mother of Harold, 34
Haakon, grandson of Earl Godwin, 30
Hackebom, Mechtild, 390
Haguet, Jean d’, 375
Hainault, 36, 235, 236, 252, 258 260, 266
Hainault, Albert of, 266 270
Hainault, Isabelle of,
251, 266
Hainault, Jacqueline of, 318
Hainault, Jeanne, Countess of, 251—2, 253, 256, 266
Hainault, Margaret of, 266
Hainault, Maud of, 268, 270
Hainault, Philippa of, 241
Hainault, Sybella of, 252
Hainault, William, Count of, 235, 236, 251, 252, 257, 266
Hainault Chronicle, The, 262
Halidon, Hill, battle of (1333), 257
Hall’s Chronicle, 357, 374, 380
Hanseatic Bay fleet, 349
Harald Hardrada, King of Norway, 31, 32
Harby, Nottinghamshire, 201
Hardyng, John, 254, 340
Hardyng Chronicle, The, 301
Harfleur, 314, 370; siege of (1415), 322
Harlech Castle, 350, 362, 368
Harold I ‘Harefoot’, King, 24, 25
Harold II, King, 30—1, 32, 33, 44, 370
‘harrying of the north’ campaign, 35, 155
Harthacnut, 24, 25
Haryngton, Lady Katherine, 254
Hastings, battle of (1066), 29, 32—3, 46, 75
Hastings, William, Lord, 378, 384, 385, 386—7, 388—9, 390
Hatfield, 257; Hatfield House, 332
Hattin, battle of (1187), 120
Hauteville, Constance of, 122
Havering, 273, 284, 311, 316, 320; Manor, 320
Hawise, Countess of Aumale, 145
Hawise, Countess of Lincoln, 82
Haxey, Thomas, 296
Heddon, 205
Hedingham Castle, 90, 199
Hegham, Richard, 258
Helen, Empress, 37
Helmid the nun, 74
Henry, bishop of Winchester, 81, 84, 89, 90
Henry, son of Edward I and Eleanor, 191, 194, 195
Henry, son of Henry II and Eleanor, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116—17, 119
Henry, son of Henry III and Eleanor, 186—7
Henry I, King of England (son of William I and Matilda): early life, 35, 37; and brother William Rufus, 43—4; coronation, 44; proposes to Matilda of Scotland, 44—5; marriage to Matilda, 46; investiture conventions, 49, 50; and Anglo-Norman Church, 49—50; excommunication threatened, 50; nicknames, 52, 54; court, 52, 62, 70, 79; reputation for learning, 54; illegitimate children, 57; charter for Westminster, 57; and death of Matilda, 58; and Normandy 60; marriage to Adeliza of Louvain, 60, 61; charters signed, 61—2; travels in England, 62; travelling agents, 62—3; generosity towards Adeliza, 64; in Normandy, 65; relationship with Adeliza, 65—6; and Stephen of Mortain’s marriage to Matilda of Boulogne, 68—9, 70; Christmas court at Windsor, 70; and Empress Matilda’s marriage to Geoffrey of Anjou, 70—1; claims to his throne, 71—2; unfaithfulness, 76; death, 65—6, 71; burial, 66; memorial mass, 79