Queens Consort
Page 63
Henry I, King of France, 18, 28
Henry II, King (formerly Henry Plantagenet; son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Empress Matilda), 20; pursuit of succession, 87, 88, 89; truce with France, 90; meets King Stephen and designated heir, 90—1; accompanied to Paris by father Geoffrey, 108, 109; marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, 109; coronation, 108, 110; falls in love with Rosamund de Clifford, 111; and son Henry, 111; separation from Eleanor, 112; territories, 112; rebellion by son Henry, 114, 115, 116—17; Eleanor conspires against, 114—16; makes Princess Alys his mistress, 119; meets kings of Navarre, Aragon and Castile, 121; makes John Count of Mortain, 143; death, 119
Henry III, King (son of King John and Isabella), 150, 152, 155, 156, 327; debt to Berengaria settled, 139; and Courtenay family, 146—47; proclaimed king, 156; meeting with Alexander, King of Scots, 158; campaign against Louis in Gascony, 159; desire to marry Eleanor of Provence, 165; marries Eleanor, 166; improved accommodation for Eleanor, 167, 192; intimacy with Eleanor, 167—8, 171, 173; and delivery of castles in event of his death, 168, 191; on campaign in Poitou, 169; and the Savoyards, 170; dispute with Eleanor, 171—2, 173; and Simon de Montfort, 173; and Alfonso X, 175; and son Edward’s marriage, 176; travelling in France, 176; and treaty of Paris, 176, 177; finances, 178, 179; excommunication threatened, 181; and rebellion, 181—2, 184; and death of daughter Katherine, 185; restored after battle of Evesham, 191; death, 187, 193, 200
Henry III, Emperor of Germany, 19
Henry IV, King (formerly Duke of Hereford, Duke of Lancaster; son of John of Gaunt and Blanche): as Duke of Hereford, 286, 296, 297—8, 299; arrests the king, 300—1; coronation, 301; search for a queen, 307; marries Joanna of Navarre, 308, 309, 311; Joanna’s dower, 311, 312 313; relationship with Joanna, 313; and the Welsh, 331; death and burial, 313—14
Henry V, King (son of King Henry TV and Mary): titles, 313; claim on French crown, 314, 316; at Agincourt, 314, 315; shortage of money, 316, 318; argument over tennis balls with Dauphin, 321—2; marriage to Catherine de Valois, 322, 324; treaty of Troyes, 323, 324; at war in France, 323, 326; in Pans, 324—5; appearance, 325; returns to England, 325; love of music, 326; relationship with wife Catherine, 326; death, 3 19—20, 326—7; burial, 327
Henry V of Germany, 57, 65
Henry VI, King of England and France (son of Henry V and Catherine), 278; and Joanna of Navarre, 320; birth, 326; becomes King of England and France, 327; family tree produced, 328; coronation, 328, 329; proclaimed in Paris, 328; and Catherine’s marriage to Owen Tudor, 331; takes interest in Tudor half-brothers, 333; as King of England and France, 335; and betrothal to Marguerite of Anjou, 336—7; marriage to Marguerite, 337, 338—339, 342—3; meets Marguerite, 337—8; apathy, 340—1; lack of interest in sex, 340—1, 345; financial problems, 342; and Jack Cade’s Rebellion, 342; improvements to properties, 343; and war in France, 344—5; and dukes of York and Somerset, 345, 346, 347; ‘madness’, 345—6; and Yorkist rebellion, 347; ‘Loveday’ reconciliation ceremony, 348; imprisoned, 350, 365, 367, 372; and disinheritance of son Edward, 351; and Wars of the Roses, 352, 353; Marguerite blamed for his shortcomings, 354; escape and recapture, 367; returned to throne (the Readeption), 370—1; and birth of Edward, 371; claims to crown, 379; death, 374, 393
Henry VI, Emperor of Germany, 126
Henry VII, King (formerly Henry Tudor; son of Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort), 364; birth of, 334; and Henry VI, 340; ancestry, 393; marriage proposal for, 393; abortive return to England, 395; supporters, 395; swears to marry Elizabeth of York, 395; betrothal to Elizabeth, 399, 404; moves to Charles VIII’s court, 401; lands at Milford Haven, 401; at Bosworth Field, 402; marries Elizabeth, 404—5; plots against his rule, 405, 407; and Elizabeth’s coronation, 405—6; and Tudor claim to the throne, 406; relations with Elizabeth Woodville, 407, 408; coronation, 408; treatment of his wife’s family, 410; Christmas at Richmond, 415
Henry VIII, King (son of Henry VII and Elizabeth), 413, 417
Henry of Castile, 183
Henry of Saxony, 111
Henry of Scotland, 73, 77, 82
Herbert, Sir William, 399
Hereford, 181, 238, 239, 352
Hereford, bishop of, 176
Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of, 208, 298
Hereford, William FitzOsbern, Earl of, 36
Herleva of Falaise, 20, 21, 38
hermits, 74
Hertford, 62, 249, 327, 329; Castle, 213, 248, 311
Hertfordshire, 332
Hesdin, 367
Heselarton, Euphemia de, 272
Hexham, battle of (1464), 367
Hexham, John of, 82, 88, 90
Higden, Ranulph, 111, 223
High Peak castle, Derbyshire, 266
Hilda, great-niece of Aethelred, 26
Hildebart of Lavardin, bishop of Le Mans, later archbishop of Tours, 56 58, 64
Historia Ecclesiastica, 75
Historie of the Arrivall, 372, 374
Histories of Troy, 412
History of Britain, 292
History of Jason, 412
History of King Richard III, 399
History of William the Marshal, The, 147
Holinshed, Raphael, 263; Holinshed’s Chronicle, 401
Holland, Joan, 308
Holland, Count John of, 195
Holland, Thomas, 268—9
Holy Grail, 248
Holy Island, 366
Honfleur, 368
‘Hooks’, 266
Hope Castle, 195
Horgoner, Robert, 362
Howard, Catherine, 66
Howard, Sir John, 359, 399
Howden, Roger of, 115, 129, 130, 131, 132, 144, 146
Hugh, bishop of Lincoln, 133, 134
Hugh the Chanter, 63
Huisine, River, 140
Hundred Years War (1337—1453) 242, 250, 258 284, 290, 328
Hungerford, Sir Walter, 331
Huntingdon, 326
Huntingdon, Henry of, 34, 57, 65, 71, 73, 91
Huntingdon, William Herbert, Earl of, 397, 401
Hyde, 178
Hyde chronicler, 59
Idley, Anne, 397
Idley, Peter, 397, 402—3
Ilchester, 148
Imal al-Din Zengi, 101
Ingilby, Prior, 409
Innocent II, Pope, 89, 98
Innocent III, Pope, 132, 143
Innocent IV, Pope, 170, 177
Instructions to His Son, 397
Irene, Empress of Byzantium, 102
Irish campaign (1399), 299, 300
Isabeau of Bavaria, 291—2, 322—3, 324
Isabel of Clarence, 370, 396, 397
Isabella, daughter of Edward III and Philippa, 250, 254—6, 260—1, 263—4, 268, 269, 272 children, 269
Isabella, daughter of John and Isabelle, 150
Isabella of France, 196, 204, 424; marriage to Edward II, 211, 212; dower, 214; and Piers Gaveston, 215; birth of Edward, 216—17; ‘household book’, 217; extravagance, 218; and Franciscans, 218; love of textiles, 218; and books, 224; children, 224, 227; relationship with husband, 224, 225, 229—30, 231; relationship with Mortimer, 225, 232, 235—6, 243, 244 245; and Marcher lords, 226, 227; ‘pilgrimages’ to Canterbury, 228, 248, 249; and Earl of Lancaster’s revolt, 229; and Scottish campaign, 230—1; estates sequestered, 231, 255; and brother Charles IV of France, 232; political prominence, 232, 234—5, 239, 241, 288; leaves Edward, 233—4; ordered out of France, 236; invading army, 236—7, 238; and execution of Hugh Despenser, 239; and election of mayor of London, 239, 240, 243; son Edward made King, 240; and treaty of Northampton, 242; and son’s move against Mortimer, 245; role in death of her husband played down by son, 246—7; lives at Castle Rising, 247—8; relations with son Edward, 248; spiritual matters, 249—50; and Philippa of Hainault’s coronation, 254; imprisoned, 317; as regent, 327; death and funeral, 249—50
Isabella of Spain, 392
Isabelle de Valois, 279—80, 283
Isabelle of Angoulême (later Queen of England), 47
, 105, 134; marriage to John, 143, 144—5; family ties, 146, 147; coronation, 146; children, 146, 150, 153, 156—7, 170; and Lusignan rebellion, 147; John commits land to, 148; birth of son Henry, 150; lack of financial independence, 150; possible confinement,
Isabelle of Angoulême—contd 150—2, 153; accusations against, 151; appearance, 151; in Angoulême, 152; reputation as a seductress, 153, 154; returns to England, 153; relationship with John, 153—4; and death of John, 156; leaves England, 156—7, 158; territorial disputes, 157; marries Hugh X de Lusignan, 157—8; as Dowager Queen of England, 158; at war with her sons, 159; death, 160
Isabelle of France (daughter of Charles VI, later Queen of England): proposed marriage to Richard II, 290—1, 292—3; dowry, 293; meets father, 294; marriage to Richard, 294, 295—6; coronation, 295; and Christmas, 297; education, 299; sees Richard for last time, 299; during the rebellion, 301; marries Charles, Count of Angoulême, 302; death, 302, 322
Isabelle of Lorraine, 336 338
Isleworth, 217
Jacques de Luxembourg, 359
Jaffa, 125, 191
James I of Scotland, 329
James II of Scotland, 351, 367
James III of Scotland, 366, 408, 411
James IV of Scotland, 414
Jankin (trumpeter), 224
Jean, heir to Count of Armagnac, 312
Jean of France, 248, 249, 268, 335
Jean of Luxembourg, 336
Jeanne of France, 224, 235, 236, 242
Jerusalem, 101, 105, 106, 120
Jewish wealth, 200, 201, 203
Jewry, Statute of (1275), 200
Joan, daughter of Edward III and Philippa, 254, 256, 259—61, 267
Joan, daughter of John and Isabelle, 145, 150, 152, 156, 157—8
Joan of Acre, 210
Joan of Arc, 316, 328
Joan of Scotland (daughter of Edward II and Isabella), 224, 227, 229, 238, 242, 248, 249, 250, 256, 257, 267, 268, 269, 329
Joanna, daughter of Henry II and Eleanor, III, 117, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 132, 135, 137, 142
Joanna II, Queen of Naples, 335
Joanna of Navarre, Dowager Duchess of Brittany (later Queen of England): ancestry, 307; marriage to Duke of Brittany, 307—8; marries Henry IV, 308, 309, 311; children, 308, 309, 312, 315, 316; arrives in England, 309; meets husband Henry, 309; imprisoned for witchcraft, 309, 316—18, 320; intercession, 309—10, 312—3; coronation, 310; dower, 311, 312, 313, 316, 318; Queen’s Council, 311—2, 320, 327; and the Armagnac wars, 313; relations with stepchildren, 313; relationship with Henry, 313; and Henry V, 314, 315; and son Artur, 315, 316; dress, 317, 318; after death of Henry V, 320; death, 320
John, bishop of Evreux, 125
John, King (son of Henry II and Eleanor), 111; attempts to usurp brother’s throne, 127—8, 129; reconciliation with brother Richard, 131—2; and death of Richard, 134, 136; invested as Duke of Normandy, 136; coronation, 136; and Berengaria’s funds, 139; character, 142; and mother Eleanor, 142—3; in Ireland, 143; made Count of Mortain by Henry II, 143; marriage to Isabelle of Angoulême, 143, 144—5; marriage to Isabella of Gloucester, 143, 145; releases Eleanor from Mirebeau, 144; mistresses, 145; illegitimate children, 145; and Lusignan rebellion, 147; commits land to Isabelle, 148; Berengaria’s dower arrangements, 148—9; extravagance, 149; loses Normandy, 149; in Angoulême, 152; truce with France, 152; builds alliances, 152—3; unfaithfulness, 153; relationship with Isabelle, 153—4; and the magnates, 1 54; and Magna Carta, 154, 155; and threat from Prince Louis of France, 155—6; fondness for baths, 217; death, 156
John, son of Edward I and Eleanor, 191, 193, 194
John XXII, Pope, 232
John of Calabria, 375
John of Eltham (son of Edward II and Isabella), 224, 238, 257
John of Gaunt (son of Edward III and Philippa), 254, 260, 268, 272 273, 275, 284, 289, 298, 329; attempt on Castile throne, 284, 287; marriage to Katherine Swynford, 294—5; pilgrimage to Canterbury, 296; death, 299
Joigny, 151
Joigny, Comte Pierre de, 145, 151
Jones, Michael, 394
Joscelin, brother of Adeliza of Louvain, 66, 78
Jourdemayne, Margery, 318—19
Judith, daughter of Charles the Bold, 23, 34
Julianeta (embroideress), 138
Jumièges, William of, 19, 21
Katherine, daughter of Edward I and Eleanor, 191
Katherine, daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth, 376, 387, 396, 409, 410—11
Katherine, daughter of Henry III and Eleanor, 174, 185
Kempton, 167
Kenilworth, 239, 240, 326, 342, 348
Kennington, 271, 273, 277
Kent, 76—7, 83
Kent, Edmund, Earl of (son of Edward I and Marguerite), 206, 207, 231, 233, 243, 244 268, 301
Kent, Joan of, 268—9, 271, 272 273, 279, 289, 308
Kent, men of, 341—2, 395
Kildrimny Castle, 208
King Henry VI Part III, 351
King’s Langley, 248—9, 278, 301
‘kingship, administrative’, 62—3
Kingston, treaty of (1260), 181
Kingston-on-Thames, 228, 273, 362
Knaresborough, 300, 327
knight of Middle Ages, psychology of, 421—2
Knight of the Tower, The, 412
Koeur castle, 367
Kyne, Thomas, 411
L’Etat de la Maison de Charles de Bourgogne, 415
La Estoire de Seint Aedward le Rei, 197
La Ferte, 147
La Marche, 96, 143, 144
La Rochelle, 137, 152, 156
La Salle du Roi, 268
La Sèvre forest, 110
Lacman, 23
Lacy, Edmund de, 170
Lacy, Roger de, brother of, 157
Ladder of Mohammed, The, 197
Lambeth, 25
Lamphey, Pembrokeshire, 333
Lancaster, Blanche of, 268, 279, 295, 297
Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, 215, 228, 229, 243, 244 245, 268; Maud, co-heiress to, 266
Lancaster, house of, 284, 298 see also Lancastrians
Lancaster, Isabella de, 261—2
Lancaster, Katherine Swynford, Duchess of, 294—5, 311, 329, 344; sister Philippa, 295
Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, 214, 268
Lancastrians, 300, 311, 351, 352—3, 362, 366, 367—8, 371, 373—4, 376 see also Lancaster, house of
land ownership in 12th-century England, 46
Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, 34—5, 37, 45
Langdon, Walter, 218
Langley, 196, 202, 203, 214, 224, 228, 267, 311, 313, 320
Langley, Geoffrey de, 186
languages of the ruling class, 55
Laon, Bishop of, 99
Laon ‘school’, 54
Las Huelgos convent, 176
Latrun, 126
Laudes Regiae, 33
Launcecrona, Agnes, 285
Laval, Bishop Geoffrey de, 140
Laynesmith, J.L., 344
Le Mans, 56, 71, 119, 137—8, 147, 149; Jewish community, 139—40; St Julien cathedral, 138—9; St Pierre church, 138
Le Mans chronicle, 71
Leake, treaty of (1318), 225—6
Leeds Castle, 227, 228, 248, 275, 311, 3 17, 318
‘Legend of Good Women, The’, 278, 279, 280
LeHarpur, William, 54
Leicester, 326, 327, 348, 349, 395, 401; Castle, 287
Leicester, Earl of, 236
Leland, John, 332
Lenn, Eustace de, 172
Lens, 69, 85
Leo IX, Pope, 18, 19
Leofgeat of Wiltshire, 27
Leofwine, Earl, 33
Leonor, daughter of Henry II and Eleanor, 111, 121, 146, 155, 175
Leopold of Austria, 126, 129
leprosy, 47—8
Les Andelys, Château Gaillard, 132, 147
Leulinghem, 302
Lewes, battle of (1264), 183, 191
Lézay, William de, 97—8
Liber Regalis, 280, 295, 391
Liber Vitae, 24
Lichfield, 297, 298, 401; Cathedral, 198
Life of King Alfred, 26
Life of St Arnulf, The, 22
Life of St Margaret of Scotland, 40, 41, 51, 80—1
Life of the Holy Radegund, 423—4
Lilbourne, Thomas, 317
Lillebonne, 57
Lilleshall abbey, 297
Limassol, 124, 125
Limoges, 108, 113, 160
Limoges, St Martial, abbot of, 129
Limousin, 96, 152
Lincoln, 154, 155, 156, 201, 205, 326; Castle, siege of (1140—1), 82—3
Lincoln, bishop of, 20
Lincoln, Earl of, 204, 213
Lincoln, John de la Pole, Earl of, 405
Lincolnshire, 82, 365
Linlithgow, 205
Lionel, son of Edward III and Philippa, 254, 259, 261, 263, 269—70
Lisieux, 131—2
Lisieux, bishop of, 33
literature: Anglo-Norman, 63; ‘courtly love’, 52—3; queens’ patronage of, 281; see also books
Little Device, The, 391
Llanthony Priory, 167
Llewellyn ap lorweth, 152
Loches, 131, 132
Lodi, 121—2, 123
Lollardism, 281—2
London, 127, 155, 184, 287; Aldgate, 218; Aldgate, Holy Trinity, 47, 53, 58, 73—4, 90, 174—5; Bermondsey, 75; Bermondsey Abbey, 334, 407, 408, 409; Bishopsgate, Crosby Place, 389; Cheapside, 237, 256, 288, 295, 328; Christchurch, Holy Trinity, 62, 376; Clerkenwell, St John’s Hospital, 400; Coldharbour, 381, 404; Dominican church, 198, 201; election of mayor, 239, 240, 243—4;
London—contdEmpress Matilda in, 83—4; Fleet Street, 287; great council (1152), 90; Guildhall, 238, 239, 240, 243—4, 389; Holborn, Ely Place, 251; Lancastrians march on, 352—3; Marcher lords encircle, 227; Matilda of Scotland’s property in, 47; Mile End, 276; Newgate, Greyfriars church, 207, 218, 250; Newgate jail, 333; Queenshithe docks, 47, 54, 148; riots in, 237—8, 272 St Giles leper hospital, 47, 48; St Katherine by the Tower hospital, 47, 174, 175; St Martin’s, 381; St Paul’s, 129, 288, 289, 301, 345, 348, 372, 389, 414; St Paul’s, Chapter House, 388; St Paul’s Cross, 237; Smithfield, 276; Smithfield tournaments, 272 277, 361; Southwark, St Thomas hospital, 172, 173, 181; Stephen arrives in, 72; Stepney, 256; submission of, 288—9; Vintry ward, 266 see also Westminster
London, bishop of, 275
London, Robert of, 153