360 “stuck to… life”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, John O’Donnell and Doris Fleeson, “Capitol Stuff,” Times Herald, February 17, 1941.
360 “direct channel… trusted”: Li, p. 163.
360 “a very… themselves”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 4, LC, “Report on Some Aspects of the Current Political, Economic and Military Situation in China,” March 15, 1941, p. 2.
360 “many incompetent… influence”: Ibid., Box 4, LC, Notes on Conference with Chou-en-lai at British Ambassador’s Home, February 4, 1941.
360 “I got… whisper”: Ibid., Box 4, LC, “Report on Some Aspects of the Current Political, Economic and Military Situation in China,” March 15, 1941, p. 3.
360 “reached a… Communists”: Ibid., pp. 8–9.
361 “I did… Finance”: Ibid., p. 20.
361 “too long… accommodating”: Ibid., Box 4, LC, “Points,” undated.
361 “4 coolie-loads… presents”: Ibid., Leonard Lyons, The New York Times, March 24, 1941.
361 “convinced that… essential”: Ibid., Box 4, LC, “Report on Some Aspects of the Current Political, Economic and Military Situation in China,” March 15, 1941, p. 32. 361
“quite neurotic… deficiencies”: Ibid., Box 4, LC, “At Chiang’s Week-end Cottage,” February 16, 1941.
361 “carry the… back”: Tuchman, pp. 275–80.
362 “the Morgan… China”: “Pain in the Heart,” Time, December 28, 1936.
362 “one of… relations”: WCA: R. T. Elson, “China Pays in Blood,” Maclean’s, May 1, 1942.
362 “T.V.,” she… time”: Tuchman, p. 499.
362 “like asking… stars”: Ibid., p. 278.
362 “It is… Atlantic”: “The Time Is Now,” Fortune, September 1941, p. 43.
362 “Early in… goods”: Thomas G. Corcoran with Philip Kooper, “Rendezvous with Democracy,” unpublished autobiography, chapter on Pacific wars, pp. 2–8.
363 “The British… hemline”: Ibid., p. 13.
363 “actors, farmers… fictions”: Ibid., p. 17.
363 “opened the… considerable”: Tuchman, pp. 281–82.
364 “doing everything… Britain”: Chuikov, pp. 80–81.
364 “a frank… President”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 36, Folder 5, Chiang Kai-shek, wire to T.V., April 19, 1941. (Note: The reason the author says the wire was at least partially if not wholly generated by May-ling is the choice of wording. “Heart to heart” is not a phrase that would have been used by Chiang or anyone else in his entourage except his wife.)
364 “would be… China”: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, “We Choose Human Freedom,” radio address delivered on May 27, 1941, available at www.usmm.org/fd/emergency.htm.
364 “The trouble… Kai-shek”: Swanberg, p. 148.
365 “the greatest… centuries”: Ibid., pp. 185–86.
365 “so much… fever”: Library of Congress: Claire Boothe Luce papers, Box 101, Folder 5, Madame Chiang Kai-shek to CBL, August 15, 1941.
365 “The time… Europe”: “The Time Is Now,” Fortune, September 1941.
365 “the greatest… Manchuria”: Tuchman, p. 289.
365 “I suppose… itself”: Newman, p. 59.
366 “equal status… treatment”: Tuchman, p. 289.
366 “He [Chiang]… Communists?”: Crozier, p. 221.
366 “for the… insurrection”: Davies, p. 216.
366 “not a… situation”: Tuchman, p. 283–84.
367 “To our… perfidy”: Payne, p. 241.
CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO
368 “If you… allies”: Mosley, p. 261.
368 “Kuomintang officials… you?”: Han Suyin, Birdless Summer, p. 235–36.
368 “if there… available”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, pp. 98–99.
369 “Where is… answer”: Lin Bo-wen, “Family Affairs in T. V. Soong’s Documents,” Chinese News, April 17, 2004.
369 “I would… me”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 63, Folder 14, Sun Ching-ling to T. V. Soong, January 12, 1942.
369 “large, well-fed”: Alsop with Platt, p. 184.
369 “tough, grasping”: Ted Herman, interviews with members of the Shanghai American School, Class of 1936, October 15, 2000.
369 “welcomed… by… clothing”: Ching-ling to T.V., in Kuo and Wu, eds., T. V. Soong: His Life and Times, January 12, 1942, p. 58.
370 “If it… good”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 64, Folder 3, Madame Chiang Kai-shek to T. V. Soong, January 1, 1942.
370 “control priorities… silences”: Tuchman, pp. 300–301.
371 “faith and… Empire”: Davies, p. 224.
371 “The British… colonialism”: White and Jacoby, p. 152.
372 “The G-mo’s… forces”: Tuchman, pp. 308–10.
373 “suits very… starves”: Ibid., p. 25.
373 “the daily… man”: Ibid., p. 91.
373 “determination and… town”: Ibid., pp. 148–49.
374 “the Government… jelly”: Ibid., p. 188.
374 to “continue… gained”: Ibid., pp. 193–96.
374 “very charming… job”: Ibid., pp. 244–45.
374 “the status… power”: Ibid., p. 259.
375 “need not… East”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 61, Folder 1, TVS to John J. McCloy, January 6, 1942.
375 “I take… Generalissimo”: Ibid., Box 61, Folder 1, TVS to Henry L. Stimson, January 23, 1942.
375 “Tell him… elements”: Tuchman, pp. 320–22.
375 “a military… China”: Theodore White, “Chiang Kai-shek,” Life, March 2, 1942.
375 “rather than… Cape”: Tuchman, pp. 316–31.
376 “too delicate… temperament”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 3, Folder “China Politics & Government,” notes from Ambassador Gauss to LC, February 22, 1942.
376 “grave political… imperative”: Crozier, pp. 230–31.
377 “like a… pan”: Theodore White, “Chiang Kai-shek.”
377 “It was… China”: Georgetown University Library, Special Collections Division, Thomas Murray Wilson papers, Box 1, Folder 5.
377 “bubbly letters… crush”: Li, p. 170.
377 “They will… conference?”: Tuchman, pp. 331–32.
378 “quite failed… watching”: Li, p. 174.
378 “He [Chiang]… better”: Payne, p. 243.
378 “We shall… spirit”: Li, p. 175.
378 “a cool reception”: Hoo, p. 73.
378 “The time… eyes”: WCA: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, radio broadcast, June 13, 1942.
378 “the superiority… Chinese”: “First Lady of the East Speaks to the West,” The New York Times, April 19, 1942.
378 “the exploitation… ours”: WCA: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, “China Emergent,” The Atlantic Monthly, May 1942.
378 “Madame Chiang’s… Government”: WCA: Letter to the Editor on “China Emergent,” The Atlantic Monthly, July 1942.
379 “is the… produced”: WCA: Clare Boothe Luce, “What One Woman Can Do,” The Atlanta Constitution, July 26, 1942.
379 “outstanding achievement… cause”: White, “Chiang Kai-shek.”
379 “The gallant… statesmen”: Crozier, p. 234.
379 “one of… tooth”: Willkie, p. 117.
379 “oily and… relief”: Tuchman, pp. 333–34.
379 “Chinese passengers… puking”: Stilwell, p. 49.
380 “I’m a… pays”: HA: Joseph Stilwell papers, Stilwell, “The Black Book,” undated.
CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE
383 “Among the… woman”: Caldwell, p. 112.
383 “It was… fantastic”: Stilwell, pp. 50–51.
383 “No-one ever… Finance”: Hoo, p. 78.
384 “The one… men”: Tuchman, p. 340.
384 “probably responsible… Kai-shek”: White and Jacoby, p. 105.
384 “Payrolls were… right”: Ibid., p. 140.
384 “Chinese higher… ammunition”: HA: Frank Dorn papers, Box 1, Folder 30, Fr
ank Dorn, memo to The Commanding General, Headquarters USAF in CBI, “Will the Chinese Fight?” January 4, 1944.
384 “Chinese officers… whim”: White and Jacoby, p. 140.
385 “They told… ATTACK”: Stilwell, p. 53.
385 “If China… cut”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 61, Folder 1, T.V. Soong (?), “Notes on the Conversation between the Generalissimo and Stilwell.”
385 “What a… troops”: Stilwell, pp. 53–55.
385 “Ah, Your… work”: Tuchman, pp. 345–46.
386 “We had… down”: Stilwell, p. 63.
386 “keep it up”: Tuchman, p. 349.
386 “Stubborn bugger… offensive”: Stilwell, p. 64.
386 “fatally compromised… mysterious”: Tuchman, pp. 351–52.
386 “The pusillanimous… off”: Stilwell, pp. 76–83.
388 “We are… man!” Tuchman, p. 360.
388 “Before I… Burma”: Stilwell, p. 80.
388 “Yep, yep… spoon”: Tuchman, p. 360.
388 “When we… me”: HA: Walter H. Judd papers, Box 175, Folder 2, Robert Eunson, “First Lady Hopes U.S. Will Continue Firm Vietnam Stand,” March 19, 1965.
389 “acres of streets”: Tuchman, p. 361.
389 “In all… Burma”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 62, Folder 2, Chiang Kai-shek, wire to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, April 12, 1942. (Also in Chiang Kai-shek’s letter to Churchill, Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library.)
389 “The Generalissimo… off”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Folder Chiang Kai-shek, Madame Chiang Kai-shek, “Anti-British Sentiment Expressed in Cables from Madame Chiang Kai-shek,” April 12, 1942.
389 “complete absence… removed”: Franklin D. Roosevelt Library: Harry Hopkins Collection, Box 152, Folder China, “Telegram from Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek to the President”, dated Chungking, April 13, 1942.
389 “could have… killed”: Tuchman, pp. 365–73.
390 “responsibility for… officers”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 3, “Anti-British Sentiment Expressed in Cables from Madame Chiang Kai-shek,” May 6, 1942.
390 “sole idea… deviation”: Tuchman, p. 375.
390 “physically courageous… foolhardy”: HA: Dorn papers, Box 4, Folder 15, Dorn, notes on Stilwell, undated.
391 “made fellow… Cheerio”: Tuchman, pp. 376–78.
391 “when cornered… country”: Crozier, p. 232.
391 “By the… life”: Tuchman, pp. 379–82.
392 “stupid gutless… CKS”: Ibid., p. 383.
392 “No doubt… undignified”: Corcoran, p. 27.
392 “an exalted… be”: Tuchman, p. 387.
392 “completely wiped… hell”: Tuchman, pp. 384–85.
CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR
394 “Chiang thought… him”: White and Jacoby, p. 125.
394 “Suspicious, secretive… qualities”: Davies, p. 262.
394 “Obstinate, pig-headed… him ”: HA: Joseph Stilwell papers, Stilwell, “The Black Book,” pp. 6–8.
394 “a lily-livered… offense”: Mosley, p. 301.
394 “Among a… offered”: John Leighton Stuart, “How the Communists Got China,” U.S. News & World Report, October 1, 1954, p. 47.
394 “They would… this”: Schaller, p. 79.
395 “total collapse… crucial”: Tuchman, p. 389.
395 “making headway… propaganda”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 1, Madame Chiang Kai-shek, cable to Lauchlin Currie, May 22, 1942.
395 “power-worshipping… enemy”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, “First Lady of the East Speaks to the West,” The New York Times, April 19, 1942.
395 “no exploitation… state”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, “China Emergent,” The Atlantic Monthly, May 1942.
396 “a pity… recommendations”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 3, Folder Madame Chiang Kai-shek, LC to Madame Chiang Kai-shek, May 26, 1942.
396 “to rough… program”: T. Christopher Jespersen, “Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the Face of Sino-American Relations: Personality and Gender Dynamics in Bilateral Diplomacy” in Samuel C. Chu, p. 133.
396 “I told… more”: Stilwell, pp. 113–14.
397 “to bring… him!”: Tuchman, p. 392.
397 “jumped up… etc.”: Stilwell, p. 115.
397 “supremely confident”: Tuchman, p. 398.
397 “borne [the]… Yunnan”: HA: Claire L. Chennault papers, Box 1, AVG, CLC, wire to General C. K. Chow, March 25, 1942. (Note: The original written in cablese, i.e., “Borne brunt in defense Rangoon comma Burma and Yunnan. Stop.”)
397 “The five-hour… earth”: “Adventures of a Flying Tiger,” Weekend Standard, August 19, 2006, available at www.thestandard.com.hk/weekend_news_detail.asp?pp_ cat=30&art_id=25355&sid=, accessed September 6, 2006.
397 “a bottleneck… you”: Tuchman, pp. 394–95.
398 “We’re going… are”: Stilwell, pp. 120–21. (Note: Original reads “And we’re going,” etc.)
399 “and such… you”: Tuchman, pp. 399–402.
400 “captivated” by… did”: Davies, p. 212.
400 of “prestige”… all”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 4, “Memo for the Files,” July 3, 1942.
401 positively “vitriolic”… him!”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 4, “Incidental Notes,” September 3, 1942.
401 “the prior… Chungking”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, LC, “Report on Visit to China,” August 24, 1942, pp. 4–12.
401 “dealing with… East”: Ibid., pp. 27–43.
401 “Gen. Chiang… power”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 63, Folder 16, Joseph Chiang, notes, February 27, 1943.
402 “all aid… know”: Tuchman, pp. 409–10.
402 “Put 50… fast”: Ibid., pp. 418–19.
403 “poisonous paper work”: Stilwell, p. 141.
403 “gleam of… fog”: Tuchman, p. 422.
403 “now arrived… success”: Stilwell, p. 140.
403 “the architectural… Empire”: Tuchman, p. 423.
404 “accomplish the… outside”: Ibid., p. 431.
404 “he took… salutary”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 5, LC, “Interview with General Marshall, December 5,” December 5, 1942.
404 “If the… seas”: Tuchman, p. 444.
CHAPTER THIRTY-FIVE
405 “One makes… these”: Davies, p. 255.
405 “a great… charisma”: Cowles, p. 65.
405 “the most… Bryan”: Tuchman, p. 424.
405 “a dear… magnificently”: Library of Congress: Clare Boothe Luce papers, Box 110, Folder 4, CBL to Madame Chiang Kai-shek, August 25, 1942.
405 “a magnificent… needs”: Cowles, p. 86.
405 “Willkie arrives… doctrines”: Stilwell, p. 156.
406 “quite carried… wisdom”: Crozier, p. 253.
406 “incredibly muddy”: Willkie, p. 112.
406 “fat bouquets… on”: Peck, p. 429.
406 “Before we… will”: Willkie, pp. 127–28.
407 “The school… passed”: Peck, pp. 429–30.
407 “These orphaned… nations”: WCA: “Willkie to ‘Howl’ for a Free World,” The New York Times, October 4, 1942.
407 “Military China… river”: Willkie, pp. 145–49.
409 “cold battlefields… benefit”: Tuchman, p. 427.
409 “an unreal… dormant”: Cowles, p. 87.
409 “Only a… great”: WCA: “Willkie Conducts Talks with Chinese Leader,” The (Herkimer, N.Y.) Telegram, October 5, 1942.
409 “I can… position”: Willkie, pp. 133–34.
409 “Before the… Madame”: Cowles, pp. 87–89.
410 “there was… love”: Pearson, p. 388. (Note: These last two quotes come from Cowles via Drew Pearson, while the others are directly from Cowles.)
410 “Wendell, you’re… attraction,”: Cowles, p. 89.
411 “There is… Representative”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 1, John Paton Davies, Jr., to LC, October 6, 1942.
4
11 “Mike,” he… week”: Cowles, p. 89.
411 “neuralgia in… visitor”: WCA: Wendell Willkie, “Wendell Willkie Calls on Madame Chiang Kai-shek,” Look, December 29, 1942.
412 “jumped into… kiss”: Pearson, p. 388.
412 “I have… you”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 3, Folder Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Eleanor Roosevelt to Madame Chiang Kai-shek, September 16, 1947.
413 “most anxious… else”: Tully, p. 330.
413 “does not… unfeasible”: Sherwood, pp. 660–61.
413 “still seemed… dead”: Lattimore, China Memoirs, p. 168.
413 “so moved… friend”: Preliminary Compilation of Primary Historical Materials of the Republic of China, ed. Qin Xiao-xian, p. 782, Madame Chiang, wire no. 3 to Chiang Kai-shek, November 28, 1942.
413 “She expressed… lot”: Ibid., pp. 783–84, Madame Chiang, wire no. 4 to Chiang Kai-shek, December 4, 1942.
413 “highly nervous… her”: Roosevelt, This I Remember, pp. 282–83.
414 “perfectly made… eyes”: Harvard University, Radcliffe Institute, Schlesinger Library: Frances Gunther papers, notes, January 1943.
414 “brief note… implies”: WCA: Emma DeLong Mills papers, EM to MC., November 29, 1942.
415 “Thinking over… possible”: Preliminary Compilation of Primary Historical Materials of the Republic of China, ed. Qin Xiao-xian, p. 785, Madame Chiang, wire no. 5 to Chiang Kai-shek, December 24, 1942.
415 “Roosevelt has… goal”: Ibid., p. 787, Madame Chiang, wire no. 7 to Chiang Kai-shek, January 1943.
416 “would naturally… command”: University of Indiana, Lilly Library, Wendell Willkie papers, Wendell Willkie to Miss L. W. D’un, December 11, 1942.
416 “no organic… found”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 63, Folder 16, Drs. Robert F. Loeb and Dana W. Atchley to Chiang Kai-shek, May 2, 1943.
416 “on the… once”: Thomas J. Watson, introduction to Thomas, The First Lady of China, 1943.
416 “She should… obligations”: Roosevelt, Autobiography, p. 249.
416 “very favorably… him”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 3, LC, notes from January 27 and February 2, 1943.
416 Chiang’s “progress… satisfactory”: HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 3, Dana W. Atchley, M.D., to Eleanor Roosevelt, January 20, 1943.
416 “As you… years”: HA: T. V. Soong papers, Box 63, Folder 16, Robert F. Loeb to T. V. Soong, February 25, 1943.
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