Sex Robots and Vegan Meat
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‘We have now reached a stage Manifesto, Gay Liberation Front, London, 1971, https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/pwh/glf-london.asp
in 2016 M. N. Shahbazi, A. Jedrusik, S. Vuoristo et al., ‘Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues’, Nature Cell Biology, Issue 18, 4 May 2016, https://www.nature.com/articles/ncb3347
The fourteen-day deadline I. Hyun, A. Wilkerson and J. Johnston, ‘Embryology policy: Revisit the 14-day rule’, Nature, Volume 533, Issue 7602, 4 May 2016, https://www.nature.com/news/embryology-policy-revisit-the-14-day-rule-1.19838-/agreement
on an extrauterine scaffold ‘Ability of three-dimensional (3D) engineered endometrial tissue to support mouse gastrulation in vitro’, Liu, Hung-Ching et al., Fertility and Sterility, Volume 80, 78, https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(03)02008-9/fulltext
Chapter Eleven
Immaculate gestation This term was coined by Scott Gelfand and John Shook in their book Ectogenesis: Artificial Womb Technology and the Future of Human Reproduction (Rodopi, 2006).
artificial wombs ‘The Moral Imperative for Ectogenesis’, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics (2007), 16, 336–345; and ‘In Defence of Ectogenesis’, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 21 (2012): 90–103.
in 2013 Sophie Borland, ‘Doctors and nurses “don’t need to show compassion”: Academic says staff should be able to carry out daily tasks without being kind to patients’, Daily Mail, 18 September 2013, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2424063/Academic-claims-doctors-nurses-dont-need-compassion-patients.html
Since 2001 James Gallagher, ‘First baby born after deceased womb transplant’, BBC News, 5 December 2018, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-46438396
Japanese scientists Philip Ball, ‘Reproduction revolution: how our skin cells might be turned into sperm and eggs’, Guardian, 14 October 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/oct/14/scientists-create-sperm-eggs-using-skin-cells-fertility-ethical-questions
in 2016 Juno Roche, ‘My Longing To Be A Mother, As A Trans Woman’, Refinery29, 8 September 2016, https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/trans-woman-motherhood
Chapter Twelve
Barbara has bought ‘Statistics’, Project Prevention, http://projectprevention.org/statistics/
By 2015 ‘Special report: Alabama leads nation in turning pregnant women in to felons’, AL.com, 23 September 2015, https://www.al.com/news/2015/09/when_the_womb_is_a_crime_scene.html
Prenatal cocaine exposure J. P. Ackerman, T. Riggins and M. M. Black, ‘A Review of the Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Among School-Aged Children’, Pediatrics, Volume 125, Issue 3, March 2010, pp. 554–65, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150504/
When the few details Colin Freeman, ‘Child taken from womb by caesarean then put into care’, Telegraph, 30 November 2013, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/10486452/Child-taken-from-womb-by-caesarean-then-put-into-care.html and https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/christopherbooker/10485281/Baby-forcibly-removed-by-caesarean-and-taken-into-care.html
Between 2008 and 2014 I. Jensen, A. Fredrikstad, S. Saabye and P. Haugen, ‘Child welfare takes three times as many newborns’, TV 2 News, 13 April 2016, https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv2.no%2Fnyheter%2F8219203%2F
By far the most common reason I. P. Nuse, ‘Protests mount against Norwegian Child Welfare Service’, ScienceNordic, 10 February 2018, http://sciencenordic.com/protests-mount-against-norwegian-child-welfare-service
‘lack of parenting skills’ Tim Whewell, ‘Norway’s Barnevernet: They took our four children… then the baby’, BBC News, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-36026458
Chapter Thirteen
In 2015 ‘Largest Ever Poll on Assisted Dying Finds Increase in Support to 84% of Britons’, Dignity in Dying press release, 2 April 2019, https://www.dignityindying.org.uk/news/poll-assisted-dying-support-84-britons/
4 per cent of all deaths ‘Dutch Regional Euthanasia Review Committee Annual Report 2018’, https://english.euthanasiecommissie.nl/the-committees/documents/publications/annual-reports/2002/annual-reports/annual-reports
In 1945 These figures come from US national statistics quoted in Atul Gawande’s Being Mortal (Macmillan USA, 2014), essential reading for anyone seeking to understand how technology has changed the meaning of death.
the option of killing themselves Philip Nitschke, ‘Euthanasia is a rational option for prisoners facing the torture of life in jail’, Guardian, 27 September 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/sep/27/euthanasia-is-a-rational-option-for-prisoners-facing-the-torture-of-life-in-jail
Chapter Fourteen
The patient Lisa Belkin, ‘Doctor Tells of First Death Using His Suicide Device’, New York Times, 6 June 1990, https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/06/us/doctor-tells-of-first-death-using-his-suicide-device.html
Most of his patients L. A. Roscoe, J. E. Malphurs, L. J. Dragovic and D. Cohen, ‘A Comparison of Characteristics of Kevorkian Euthanasia Cases and Physician-Assisted Suicides in Oregon’, Gerontologist, Volume 41, Issue 4, 1 August 2001, pp. 439–46, https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article/41/4/439/600708
autopsies showed A lot of this comes from work done by the Detroit Free Press, referenced here: Update, Volume 25, Issue 3, Patients Rights Council, 2011, http://www.patientsrightscouncil.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Update_2011_3.pdf
‘It’s not rocket science ‘Nitschke launches $50 death machine’, Sydney Morning Herald, 18 November 2003, https://www.smh.com.au/national/nitschke-launches-50-death-machine-20031118-gdhss2.html
‘Witlessly infantile Mark Monahan, ‘Edinburgh 2015: Dicing With Dr Death, The Caves, review: “witlessly infantile”’, Daily Telegraph, 8 August 2015, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/what-to-see/edinburgh-2015-dr-death/
‘Laughs were sparing Cameron Woodhead, ‘Melbourne International Comedy Festival review: No one dying of laughter in Philip Nitschke’s Dicing With Death’, Sydney Morning Herald, 4 April 2016, https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/comedy/melbourne-international-comedy-festival-review-no-one-dying-of-laughter-in-philip-nitschkes-dicing-with-death-20160404-gny6oz.html
‘Meet the Elon Musk Nicole Goodkind, ‘Meet the Elon Musk of Assisted Suicide, Whose Machine Lets You Kill Yourself Anywhere’, Newsweek, 1 December 2017, https://www.newsweek.com/elon-musk-assisted-suicide-machine-727874
Chapter Fifteen
Huffington Post Philip Nitschke, ‘Here’s Why I Invented A “Death Machine” That Lets People Take Their Own Lives’, HuffPost, 4 May 2018, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sarco-death-philip-nitschke_n_5abbb574e4b03e2a5c7853ca
Vice Matt Shea, ‘“Dr Death” Has a New Machine That’s Meant to Disrupt the Way We Die’, Vice, 10 May 2019, https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/5979qd/sarco-euthanasia-machine-philip-nitschke
‘Welcome to the Monkey House’ Kurt Vonnegut, Welcome to the Monkey House (Delacorte Press, 1968).
venture capitalists funding anti-ageing research The Longevity Fund is leading the way with this: https://www.longevity.vc/
Gelderlander Paul Bolwerk, ‘Noa (16) uit Arnhem is nu al klaar met haar verwoeste leven’, Gelderlander, 1 December 2018, https://www.gelderlander.nl/home/noa-16-uit-arnhem-is-nu-al-klaar-met-haar-verwoeste-leven~a01a7bd1/
Philip later wrote ‘The Death of Noa Pothoven’, Peaceful Pill Handbook blog, 5 June 2019, https://www.peacefulpillhandbook.com/the-death-of-noa-pothoven/
a 12 per cent rise S. Stack, ‘Media coverage as a risk factor in suicide’, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, Issue 57, 1 April 2003, pp. 238–40, https://jech.bmj.com/content/57/4/238.full
a 10 per cent rise D. S. Fink, J. Santaella-Tenorio, K. M. Keyes, ‘Increase in suicides the months after the death of Robin Williams in the US’, PLOS ONE, Volume 13, Issue 2, 7 February 2018, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0191405
Epilogue
In October 2019 Bethany Muller, ‘Artificial womb to be developed for premature babies’, BioNews, 14 October 2019, https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_145518
in September 2019 Bruce Friedrich, ‘Cultivated Meat: Why GFI Is Embracing New Language’, Good Food Institute, 13 September 2019, https://www.gfi.org/cultivatedmeat
Beyond Meat shares ‘Beyond Meat shares extend gains to over 600% since IPO’, Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/content/df314088-8b91-11e9-a24d-b42f641eca37
Most of those who died L. A. Roscoe, J. E. Malphurs, L. J. Dragovic and D. Cohen, ‘A Comparison of Characteristics of Kevorkian Euthanasia Cases and Physician-Assisted Suicides in Oregon’, Gerontologist, Volume 41, Issue 4, 1 August 2001, https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article/41/4/439/600708
women choose it more often Rachael Wong, ‘We need to address questions of gender in assisted dying’, The Conversation, 24 October 2017, http://theconversation.com/we-need-to-address-questions-of-gender-in-assisted-dying-85892
men eat more meat Hamish J. Love and Danielle Sulikowski, ‘Of Meat and Men: Sex Differences in Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Meat’, Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 9, 20 April 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5920154/
SEX ROBOTS AND VEGAN MEAT
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Copyright © 2020 by Jenny Kleeman
First Pegasus Books hardcover edition September 2020
‘Cheek to Cheek’, performed by Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong on the album Ella and Louis, 1956, produced by Norman Granz on Verve Records. Original composition by Irving Berlin. Extract from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Book X. Translation by A.S.Kline, Copyright © 2000.
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