To Arms
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socialism 40, 112, 117, 133
state intervention 1041–2
stock exchange 843, 917
Sweden, borrowing in 947
Switzerland, borrowing in 947–8
taxation 898–901, 905
on coal 901
on railways 901
on war profits 900–1, 916
trade 36, 946–9, 1040–1
trade ministry 1042–3
treasury bills 917–18
Triple Alliance and 8, 16, 669
Turkey, relations with 294, 650, 652, 667–9, 676–7, 698–9, 952
United States, borrowing in 948
war aims 1040–1, 1040, 1044
war enthusiasm 156–7,
war loans 916–18
war ministry 1041–3, 1046–7
war plans 70, 78, 176, 285–96, 336–41, 347–50, 1007
Auxerre 1118
Avçali 724
Aymérich, Joseph 518–20, 524–31, 534–41
Azad, A. K. 805
Azerbaijan 659, 675, 704, 714–15, 718, 722, 726, 772–6, 778–9, 782, 786
Bachmann, Gustav 438
Bacon, Reginald 389
Baden 206
Baden Powell, R. 146, 148
‘badging’ 1071–2, 1080
Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik 1026
Baghdad 682, 691, 779, 951
Baghdad railway 33, 49, 60, 663–4, 667, 689–93, 706, 715–16, 718, 734, 785, 952
Bahariya 748
Bahrain 675
Bailleul 274
Bakhtiari 772, 788
Baku 712, 714, 716, 775–6, 779, 1095, 1100
balance of power 1126, 1130
Balasore 800
Balfour, Arthur 379, 991
Balkan Wars 290, 341–2, 655, 666–7, 996, 1000, 1004, 1016, 1041 1st 49–52, 112, 119, 644, 656–7, 662, 666, 840, 902 2nd 55–7, 63–4
Ballin, Albert 424, 946
Baltic Sea 360, 402–6, 421, 438–40, 986, 1019, 1091–2
Baltic states 1117
Baluchistan 781, 788, 790
Bam 788
Bamenda 510, 534
Banat, Gruppe 340
Banca Commerciale Italiana 908, 961
Banca Italiano di Sconto 908
Bandar Abbas 775, 788
Bandar Rig 781
Bangor 1126
Bangui 499, 518
Bangweulu 640
Bania 525
Bank of England 819–20, 822–4, 829, 831, 836, 849, 861, 908, 930–2, 964, 966, 971, 974–5
Bank of Italy 908, 921, 923, 982
banks 906–9
run on 150
see also by country and under individual banks
Banque de France 819, 828–9, 846–9, 906, 909, 924–5, 927, 964–5, 969, 974, 984
Banque Perrier 676
Banyo 517, 533–5, 537, 542
Bapaume 267–8
Baquet, General 1054–5, 1058, 1060–2
Baranovitchi 314
Baratov, N. N. 727–8, 787–8
Bardiz 723–6, 728
Bare 523–4, 537
Barenfels 700
Bark, Peter 844, 855, 885, 956, 958, 960, 971
Barkatullah, Mohammed 771–2, 791, 799, 803, 809
Barker, Ernest 1125
Barnaul 158
Barrère, Camille 29
Barrès, Maurice 139, 1123
Barrucand, Victor 756
Barthas, Louis 105
Barthou, Louis 878
Barings 958
Barlach, Ernst 1116
Barrow, Edward 674
Bartels, Friedrich Albert 768
Bartenstein 325
Barua 529
Baruni, Sulayman al- 743, 745–6, 752, 764
Basle 112, 117
Basra 779
Bastard rebellion 564
Bastille day 142–3
Bataille syndicaliste, La 127
Batavia 800
Batna 764–5
Battenberg, Lord Louis 108, 380, 382, 395–6, 403, 413, 475
battleships 17–18, 376–7, 383–91, 396–7, 403–4, 407–8, 662, 998–9
Batum 716–17, 722, 728
Baturi 525
Baudissin, Friedrich von 410–11, 439
Baudrillart, Alfred 154, 156, 1114, 1118–19, 1121
Bauer, Max 324, 1035, 1039
Bavaria 152, 980, 913, 1024, 1028
Bayerische Stickstoffwerke 1026, 1038
Beardmore, William 1065
Beatty, David 383, 415–17, 428–35, 1012
Bebel, August 111, 113, 118–20, 122, 148, 695
Becelaere 277
Bechuanaland 545
Beck, Friedrich 284–6, 288, 292, 341
Becker, Johannes R. 137
Beckmann, Max 141
Beersheba 690, 734, 736, 738
Beethoven, Ludwig van 1135
Behncke, Paul 425
Beho-Beho 614
Beira 601, 621
Belfield, Charles 587
Belfort 212, 1001
Belgium 89, 91, 94, 97, 224, 254, 257, 263
army 159, 207, 208–10, 216–17, 231, 270–1, 273, 275–6
artillery 1030
borrowing 955–7, 977
Britain and 201–5, 208, 250, 271–2, 1126
Catholicism and 159, 1117
colonial troops 600, 616–17, 630
colonies 496, 500–1, 518–19, 575, 585–6, 597, 600, 604, 608, 617, 630–1, 1126
France and 180, 184, 187, 191–5, 208, 216–17, 271–2
Germany and 164, 168–70, 173, 177–80, 185, 195, 208, 1014–15, 1022–3, 1117, 1119, 1122
neutrality 168–70, 173, 177–80, 191, 208–10, 242, 519
socialism and 159
war enthusiasm 159
war plans 209, 216
Belgrade 309, 338, 340, 344–6
bombardment of 85, 335
‘halt in’ 86–8, 338
Belin, General 225, 251
Bell, Rudolf 520
Beloudini, Sheikh 765
Below, Otto von 330
Belyi, Andrei 136
Bengal, bay of 479
Beni Chougram 765
Beni Oudren 767
Benneau, Commdt. 1006
Benue river 521–2, 533–4
Berbers 767
Berchtold, Leopold 51, 55–6, 58, 70–1, 75–7, 81, 86–8, 99, 101, 294, 340, 346, 650, 677
Beresford, Lord Charles 378–81, 389, 394, 475
Bergmann, General 719, 722, 725–8
Bergson, Henri 1123–4, 1127
Berlin 105–6, 121, 150–1, 153–4, 315, 350, 402, 944
Berlin, S.M.S. 420, 454
Berlin act 453, 506
Berlin, congress of 652
Berlin Indian Committee 799–800, 802, 804
Berne 120
Bernhardi, Friedrich von 55, 178, 236, 694, 798, 1121, 1127–8
Bernstorff, Johann Heinrich von 800
Berrangé, C.A.L. 563
Berry-au-Bac 258
Berthelot, Henri-Mathias 225, 243, 248, 251
Bertrix 219
Bertua 510, 526, 533, 535
Beseler, Hans von 165, 270, 272–4
Bessarabia 680
Bethlehem Steel 1106
Bethmann Hollweg, Theodor von 22–4, 26, 29, 31–4, 51, 53–5, 61–3, 72–4, 81, 85–90, 99, 101–3, 110, 122, 175, 411–13, 424–5, 669–70, 676, 687, 695, 700–1, 771, 791, 890, 897, 1010, 1013, 1016–18, 1114, 1126
Beti of Jaunde 539, 541
Beveridge, William 1078–9
Beyers, C. F. 547, 551–4
Bhattacharya, Abibash 798
Bialystok 290, 326
Bienvenu-Martin, J. B. 91
Bilinski, Leon von 56, 840, 844
Birch, Noel 1003
Birilev, A. A. 403
Birmingham 160
Bischofsburg 328
Bischofstein 325
Bismarck, Otto von 5, 6–9, 287, 889, 1114, 1117, 1128
Bismarckbu
rg 597, 630
Bitam 538
Bitlis 719, 779
Bixschoote 278
Black Dragon Society 484
Black Sea 404–5, 649–50, 662, 676–8, 687–8, 692, 698–9, 716–17, 1091
‘blank cheque’ 71–5
Blast 140
Bloch, I. S. 815–17
blockade 179, 199, 393–7, 400–3, 410–12, 419, 424, 589–91, 674, 676, 689, 692, 893, 941, 943–4, 949, 985–6, 989, 1011, 1017–21, 1040, 1091–2
Bloem, Walter 137, 206, 257
Blohm and Voss 408
Blücher, S.M.S. 433–6, 440
Blume, Wilhelm von 834, 1007
Björkö 15, 44
Böcklin, Arnold 136
Boda 499
Boehme, Col. 1015
Boer War 13–14, 146, 162, 238, 286, 544, 547, 569, 866–7, 997, 1006, 1070
Bogart, E. L. 886
Bohemia 1044–5
Böhm-Ermolli, Eduard von 353, 372
Bolfras, Arthur von 346, 1004
Bolsheviks 115–16, 696, 814
Bombay 384
Bône 644, 648, 650, 754
Bonga 509, 518
Bongo riots 542
Bonnal, H. 181
Bonnet rouge, Le 128
Booth, G. M. 1074–5, 1078–80, 1110
Bopp, Colonel 788
Bordeaux 235, 973, 1053–4, 1063
Borden, Sir Robert 446
Borkum islands 406
Borno 763
Bornu 522, 542
Boroevic, Svetozar 357, 372–3
borrowing:
domestic, general principles 905–6
foreign, general principles 941, 955, 984, 989–90
Bosch, Carl 1026, 1038
Bose, Rash Behari 796, 803
Bosnia-Herzegovina 64–5, 71, 76, 292–4, 336–7, 340, 345–6, 652
Bosnian crisis 42–6, 288–9, 306, 338, 655, 661, 840
Botha, Louis 544–7, 550–4, 560–2, 564–9
Bothnia, gulf of 405
Bouchayer and Viallet 1054
Boukabouya, Raban 710
Boulogne 205, 221, 270, 272
conference 969, 971, 1082, 1109
Bourges 1052
Bouvines, battle of 143
Boy Scouts 146, 148
Boys’ Brigade 146
Brandenburg Grenadiers 206, 257
Braunschweig, Hauptmann 621
Bray-sur-Seine 252
Brazil 1032
Brazzaville 518, 525–6, 528–9, 531–2, 538,
Brécard, General 276
Bremen 406
Breslau 316, 360, 364
Breslau, S.M.S. 644–51, 671, 673, 677–9, 685, 699, 754
Brest 439
Brest-Litovsk 290, 307, 348
Treaty of 818, 943, 946
Briand, Aristide 130
Bridgeman, Francis 380–1, 386, 394
Brisset, French colonel 528–9, 534, 536–7
Britain:
Admiralty 378, 381–3, 400–1, 434–5, 473–5, 542, 647, 737, 859, 998–9, 1072
Afghanistan and 789
agriculture 871, 874
amphibious operations and 26, 180, 199, 202–3, 270–3, 393, 401–3, 405, 437, 455, 590, 738
arms trade 1065–6, 1074, 1104
army 15, 26–7, 131, 162, 199–201, 204, 207, 217, 374–5, 400
colonial troops 498, see also under individual units and countries
command 602–5, 631–2
voluntary enlistment 159–61, see also New Armies
see also British Expeditionary Force and Britain, general staff, Officers Training Corps, Territorial Army
artillery 994, 997, 1000, 1002, 1081–4, 1113
artillery production 1066–7, 1069–71, 1076–7, 1081–2, 1084, 1110–11
Austria-Hungary relations with 647–8
Bank act 820, 822, 824, 931
banks 492, 820, 822, 824–5, 907–9, 931–2, 975, see also Bank of England
Belgium, guarantee to 97, 132, 180
loans to 955
relations with 586, 600, 630–1
Board of Trade 1072–5
bond prices 821
borrowing 96, 817, 867, 909, 923, 929–35
overseas 929, 966–7, 970, 972, 977–8, 989–90
budgets 850, 858–60, 862, 867–9, 872, 874
cabinet 104, 250, 374
Canada, borrowing from 989
China and 486–8, 492–3, 802
civil-military relations 1112
Colonial Office and strategy 530–1, 542, 579–80, 584, 586–7, 600–1, 608, 630, 640–1
commerce 442–3, 452
Committee of Imperial Defence 26–7, 97, 198–9, 374, 377, 379–80, 395, 401–3, 427, 442, 455, 457, 464–5, 482, 505, 519–20, 545, 579–80, 599, 661, 736, 738, 770, 820, 1006, 1011–12
Conservatives 96, 131, 379, 792, 869–70, 1075
continental strategy 198–201, 203–4, 250, 374, 400, 427, 455, 651, 1108–9
currency 823, 929–30
Defence of the Realm Act 869, 1072–4, 1081
economy 12–13
empire 13–14, 95, 442–6, 454–5, 481–3, 495–6, 545, 642, 694, 791–2, 987–9
exchange rates 823, 827, 829–33, 860–1, 930, 935, 964–9, 973–4, 977–8, 990, 1105, 1108, 1110
finance and July crisis 821–2, 824–5, 834
food 205, 375, 397, 442, 452
foreign office 18, 94–5, 400, 785
free trade 375, 792, 860, 870, 873, 964–5
Egypt, policy in 729–32, 737–9
and France: loans to 955, 968–9, 974–5, 979–80, 984
relations with 14, 17–19, 24, 27–8, 32, 87, 94–5, 132, 180, 198, 201–3, 205, 222, 242, 249–50, 271–2, 376–7, 383, 442, 648, 1050, 1064–5, 1075, 1078, 1085, 1111, 1125
general staff 202, 1013–14
Germany, relations with 14, 17–18, 23, 31–3, 87, 94–5, 376, 660, 1121, 1124–7, 1130–1, 1135, 1139
gold 819–30, 832, 861, 929–30, 959, 961, 967, 970–2, 974–5, 978
Greece, relations with 648–9, 662, 667, 673
Imperial War Cabinet 626
Imperial War Conference 811
India Office 580, 584, 674, 785–6, 811, 1078
industry 1050, 1080
interest rate 931–5
invasion fear 26, 200–1, 204–5, 393, 426–7
and Italy: loans to 960–2, 968, 975
relations with 745, 750–3
Japan, relations with 14, 17, 442–4, 447, 455, 457–60, 464–5, 481–3, 485–94, 987, 1107
Labour party 96, 131–3, 869, 875
Liberals 18, 25, 93–7, 131–2, 161, 792, 870, 873, 1005, 1075–7, 1139
loans 955–7, 959–62, 968–9, 974–5, 979–80, 984
manpower 488, 492, 1006, 1038, 1071–4, 1080–1
maritime strategy 96–8, 180, 198–9, 270, 375–6, 379, 384, 395, 401, 424, 427, 441–2, 454–5, 519, 694, 860, 867, 1011–13
metal industries 1052, 1065
merchant navy 383–4
mining 875
Ministry of Munitions 851, 859–60, 871–2, 1069–70, 1074–5, 1077–9, 1085, 1087–9, 1105, 1109, 1111–12
munitions imports 1086–8, 1105–8
Munitions of War act 1080–1
munitions production 1079–80; see also artillery, shell, and small arms production
munitions supply 994, 997–1000, 1014, 1069, 1076–7, 1086
Naval Intelligence Department 380–1, 397, 400–1
navy 13, 15, 17–18, 20, 26–7, 32–3, 96, 159, 180, 378–9, 739
aviation 431
Atlantic Fleet 376, 378
bases 384, 394, 397, 402, 455, 467, 542, 1012
Battle Cruiser Squadron 416–18, 428–36
Battle Squadron, 2nd 428–30, 432; 3rd 429, 432
Cape Squadron 575–6, 580
Channel Fleet 376, 378
China squadron 442–3, 447, 466–7, 470–1
command 391–2, 414–15, 41
7, 422–3, 430, 432, 434–5, 473, 647–9
construction 383–91, 418, 424, 436–7, 441, 478–9, 1012, 1066
Cruiser Squadron, 3rd 432
deployment 376–8, 427, 441–2, 445–7, 456, 475, 661
Dover patrol 275
East Indies Squadron 467, 581
estimates 375, 383, 396, 446, 866–7
Grand Fleet 394, 396–7, 414, 416, 420, 423–4, 427, 432
gunnery 386–91
Home Fleet 378, 394–5, 436
Light Cruiser Squadron, 1st 416, 428–30
Mediterranean Fleet 376, 383, 392, 442, 646–50, 661, 737
manpower 408, 410–11
Pacific Fleet 444–7, 453
Royal Naval Air Service 589
Southern Force 415–17, 428–9, 431
staff 199, 379–82, 436, 475
war plans 379–80, 393–7, 400–3, 413, 420
Western Atlantic Squadron 472–5
Officers Training Corps 146–7
Ordnance, Board of 1069–70, 1078
Parliament 97–8, 858–9
Persia and 773–6, 778, 785–6, 788
Portugal, relations with 557–8, 600–1, 636, 638–9
press 94–5, 132, 143, 145, 161, 375
propaganda 497
raw materials 1065
and Russia: loans to 956–7, 959–60, 968–9, 975
relations with 14, 19–20, 45, 60–2, 94–5, 198, 376, 383, 405, 421, 443, 660–1, 776, 778, 789, 1104–5, 1110
Serbia, relations with 94–5
shell production 1067–9, 1074, 1076, 1078–80, 1082–6
shipping 870–1, 874, 968, 971, 982, 984, 987–9, 1107–8, 1111
small arms production 1067–8, 1072
state intervention 964–5, 1075–6, 1080
stock exchange 96, 821–2, 825, 935, 964–5, 968
taxation 375, 859, 865, 867–9, 872–4, 876, 903, 905, 933
excess profits duty 868, 870–4, 876, 1073, 1080–1
income tax 864, 866–7, 872, 874–6
inheritance 863–4
Territorial Army 146–7, 159, 201, 426–7
trade 968, 1065
trade protection 442, 445, 448, 452–6, 470–1, 493
trades unions 96, 132, 205, 1072–3, 1080–1
Treasury 820–2, 825, 829, 859–61, 864, 908, 931, 959, 964, 971, 974, 992, 1073, 1075, 1077
treasury bills 930–4
Turkey, relations with 45, 60–1, 650–2, 655, 660–3, 672–4, 680
and United States: borrowing from 966–7, 970, 972, 977–8, 989
relations with 14, 442, 457, 460, 800, 978, 991–2, 1105–6, 1108
trade with 963, 971–2
universities 1124–5, 1127
‘ways and means advances’ 931–2, 934
war aims 481–3, 541–2, 586, 599–601
‘War Book’ 401
war enthusiasm 496
war loans 929, 932–4
War Office 859–60, 959, 1068–74, 1078, 1085, 1105, 1109, 1111
war plans 87, 93, 198–206, 1007, 1011–13
British Expeditionary Force 198–202, 204–6, 217, 220–3, 225, 231–2, 245, 248–9, 251–2, 254, 257–8, 273–8