by Hew Strachan
Memel 438
Menin 273–8, 280
Mensheviks 115–16
Mercier, Cardinal 1117–18
Merdenik 723, 726
Merizzi, Erik von 337
Merlin. M. 519–20, 524, 526, 528–36, 538
Merrheim, Alphonse 125
Mersa Matruh 746, 748
Meshed 790
Mesopotamia 655, 660–1, 663–4, 674–5, 687, 689–90, 702, 748, 775, 779–80, 782, 784–6, 798, 806, 811, 951, 1089
Messimy, Adolphe 91, 128, 189, 223, 225, 235, 995, 1053, 1055, 1057
Messina, Straits of 644, 646–7
Messines 276–8
Metz 168–9, 177, 184, 194, 207, 212, 234, 244, 253
Meurthe, river 213, 244
Meuse, river 170, 172, 177, 185, 194–5, 202, 205, 209, 211–13, 216–17, 220, 243, 248, 250, 253, 255, 265–7
Mexico 969
Meyer-Waldeck, Clemens Friedrich 460–4, 466
Meynier, Octave 759, 761–4
Mézières 195, 263, 372
Mgeta river 613–15, 625–6
Mhonda 612
Michel, Victor 185–9, 251
Micronesia 464, 481
Mikese 613, 626
Mikindani 615
Miknevich, N. P. 303–4, 306, 1007
militarism and Germany 1122–3, 1126–7, 1129, 1135, 1139
Millerand, Alexandre 130, 147, 1053, 1061–3, 1112
Milne, Berkeley 646–50
Mimbang 526
Minenwerfer 1033, 1060, 1069
Miners’ Federation 1073
mines 403–7, 420, 423, 433, 439, 582
Minkebe 532
Miquel, Johannes von 835
Miquelard, French officer 518, 525–7, 529, 532
Misic, Zivojin 343
Misratah 751–2
Mitrovica 344–5
Mitry, General de 227
Mitteleuropa 1021, 1040
Mittwoch, Eugen 707, 712
Mitzvic 526
Mjonga river 612
Mkalomo 611
Mkata 613
Mkindu 626
Mlali 613
Mlawa 322, 326, 330, 332, 367, 369, 371
mobilization:
Austria-Hungary 51, 56, 78, 83, 88, 100, 156–7, 287, 292–6, 336–7, 340, 347, 839–42, 1041
Britain 95–7, 100, 161, 203, 205–6, 413, 506
France 91, 93, 96, 99, 154–6, 186–7, 194, 206, 850, 924, 1052–3
Germany 84–5, 88–9, 92, 99, 100, 152, 164, 167, 172, 179, 206–7, 290, 413, 454, 834–5, 910, 1017, 1031, 1038
naval 413, 454
Russia 51, 83–6, 89, 100, 158, 286, 288, 291, 295, 297–8, 303–8, 312
Serbia 80, 100, 343
Turkey 670–1, 675, 677, 687–8, 699
Moellendorff, Wichard von 1015–16, 1021, 1026, 1112, 1134
Moha ou Hammou 767
Mohammed V 42
Mohammed, Sayyid 747
Mohmands 790, 807–8
Moinier, General 761, 764
Moir, E. W. 1106
Moiya Harab 736
Molitor, Colonel 616–19
Molkenbuhr, Hermann 120
Moltke, S.M.S. 416–17, 433
Moltke, Helmuth von, the elder 166–7, 173, 287, 664, 1007
Moltke, Helmuth von, the younger 44–5, 51–5, 62–3, 70, 72, 74–5, 88–90, 98, 164, 172–80, 208, 226, 231–6, 244–5, 248, 250, 253–4, 256–7, 261–2, 269, 288–91, 293–5, 304, 319, 323–5, 348, 405–6, 554, 1128
Persia and 770, 772
retirement 262–3, 359–60
scale of war and 695–8, 995–6, 1005–7, 1009, 1016, 1018–19
Turkish alliance and 666–7, 669–70, 680, 687, 693, 696, 698, 730, 784
Molundu 518, 526–7, 531–2
Mombasa 496, 576, 581–2, 587, 598, 602, 614
Mombo 594–5, 610–11
Monet, Claude 1123
Mongolia, Inner 483–6, 490
Monmouth, H.M.S. 472, 474
Mons, battle of 160, 220–3, 231, 249, 252, 270–1
Montagu, E. S. 811–12, 859, 1089
Montdidier 267
Montenegro 42, 50, 55, 337, 342–3, 345–6, 649, 652, 956
Montevideo 473, 475
Montmedy 195
Montmirail 252
Moopa river 532
Moore, Archibald 434
Mora 517, 521–2, 534, 537, 540
Morava 338, 340
Morgan Grenfell 860, 963
Morgan Harjes 963
Morgan, J. P. 944, 962–4, 966–7, 969, 971–4, 977, 1105–6
Morgenthau, Henry 685
Morhange 213, 224, 231, 244, 269
Morisson, French officer 518, 524–7, 529, 531–7
Moritz, Bernhard 746
Morley-Minto reforms 809
Mormal, forest of 222–3
Morocco 696, 706, 743, 753–4, 756–60, 764, 766–9, 1006
1st crisis 14–17, 20–1, 101, 111, 172, 407, 754
2nd crisis 24–6, 46, 119, 131, 187, 195, 198, 408, 754, 819, 836, 840, 846, 995, 1016
Morogoro 611–13, 615, 621–2
Morrison, George 488
Mors, Robert 738
Mortagne 229
mortars 1060, 1069–70, 1082
Moscow 115, 1092, 1094, 1097, 1099–1100
Moselle River 245, 253, 255
Moselstellung 212
Moser, Otto von 230
Moshi 574, 579–83, 605–6
Mossamedes 557–8
Motono Ichiro 491–2
motor vehicles 185, 240, 536, 614, 631, 749, 764
Moulton, Lord 1074, 1079, 1084
Mountbatten, see Battenberg
Moussa ag Amestane 764
Möwe, S.M.S. 576, 580, 596
Mozambique 499, 544, 557–8, 586, 596, 601, 634–41
responses to Germans 636–7
Mpwapwa 594, 612
Muhammed Ali, Shah 772, 787
Mukden 997
Mukherjee, Jotindra Nath 800, 802
Mulhouse 212–13, 1055
Müller, Georg von 52, 334, 409, 412, 418, 425–6, 438
Müller, Hermann 122
Müller, Karl von 470, 479–80
Multan 808
Muni 509, 518, 526–7, 530, 535, 537–8, 540–1
munitions production 512–13
Murmansk 1092
Murray, Archibald 249, 251–2, 601, 1010
Murray, Gilbert 1127
Musavat 714, 775
Mushir ud-Daula 785
Mushroom Valley 553
Musil, Robert 281
Mvahdi 526
Mwakijembe 598
Mwanza 565, 586, 589, 598, 608, 615, 618, 630
Mwaya 622–3
Mwembe 638
Myburgh, M. W. 565–7
Myshlayevskii, General 719, 722, 725–7
Myszyniec 326
Mytilene 662, 667
Nachrichtenstelle für den Orient 707–12
Nachtigal, gunboat 523
Nachtigal rapids 536–7, 542
Nadji, Omar 776
Nadolny, Rudolf 698, 744, 780, 782, 791
Nahud 747
Nahungu 632–3
Nairobi 579, 587, 630
Namakura 639
Namirrue river 639
Namur 169, 194–5, 209, 211, 216–17, 219–20, 224, 231, 241, 266
Namutoni 566–7
Nancy 150, 168, 195, 213–16, 244, 253, 257, 259, 267, 269, 1008
Nanungu 638
Narew 289, 292, 307, 309, 320, 331, 358
Narodna Odbrana 46, 66, 76, 79
Narungombe 632–3
Nasrullah 772, 789–90, 808, 813
Nassau class 390
Natal, H.M.S. 389
National City Bank of New York 944, 957, 962–4, 974
National Credit Bank 951
National Service League 145, 200–1
Natorp, Paul 1129–30, 1132
Nauen 452, 475, 505, 508, 558, 565, 589, 781
Naulila 558–9
Naumann, Friedrich 10, 1133
Naumann, Heinrich 630–2, 634
Naumann, Victor 71
Nauru 464
Navy League, British 145
Navy League, German 145
Ndola 620
Neidenburg 326, 329, 331
Nekhl 735–6
Neufchâteau 218
Neu Langenburg 579, 592, 595, 597, 621
Neumunster 428
neutrality 395, 400, 411, 448, 453–4, 456–7, 460, 462–3, 492, 495, 506, 575, 670–1, 739, 775, 943, 962–3, 976, 984–5, 989, 1114
see also Belgium; Turkey; United States
Nevsky, Alexander 1117
Newala 624–5, 634–5
New Armies 160–1, 1067–8, 1082
New Caledonia 464
Newcastle 1077
New Guinea 448, 464–5, 471, 481–2
New Hebrides 464
New South Wales 445
New Zealand 32, 204, 442, 444–7, 464–5, 472, 481–3, 742, 748, 988
New Zealand, H.M.S. 433–4, 445, 447
Neznamov, A. A. 302, 1007
Ngarambi 625
Ngaundere 510, 517, 522, 527, 529, 533–5, 542
Ngomano 637
Ngoni 636
Ngulu gap 605, 607, 611
Nguru mountains 611–12
Ngwe 530
Nkongsamba 509
Nice 961
Nicholas II 15, 81, 85, 101, 110, 157–8, 300–1, 313–14, 403–4
Nicholas, Grand Duke 300–1, 303, 306–7, 313–18, 335, 352, 365, 786, 1001, 1003, 1104–5
Nicolai, Walther 75
Niedermayer, Oskar 771–2, 779–83, 788–91, 799
Niemen 309, 364
Nietszche, Friedrich 136–8, 1121, 1124, 1127–8, 1135
Nieuport 273, 275–6
Nigeria 499–500, 506, 509, 520–2, 527–8, 533, 542, 627, 704, 763
Nigeria Regiment 521–2, 530, 627, 631, 633, 635, 763
Niger 763–4
Niger river 534
Nile river 747–8
Niriz 788
Nis 338–9
Nisibin 691
nitrogen 1025–7
Nitti, Francesco 922, 982–3
Nivelle, Robert 227, 764
Nixon, J. E. 786
Njong river 509, 524, 527, 535–7
Nkongsamba 524
Nobel Dynamite Trust 998, 1083
Nola 524–5, 527, 539–40
Norman, Montagu 861
Normandy 1050
Northey, Edward 608, 620–3, 629–30, 633–4, 640–1
North Sea 360, 376–7, 383–4, 386, 391, 393, 395–6, 401–2, 407, 411, 413, 417, 419, 427–40, 449, 475
Northcliffe, Lord 143, 978
Norway 395, 984–5, 1020, 1027
Noumea 465
Novalis 1129
Novo Georgievsk 307, 1001
Novorossisk 678
Noyon 239, 265, 267
Nsanakang 521–2
Ntem, river 529, 538
Nuba 750
Nuremberg 105
Nuri, Turkish officer 745, 747–8, 750–2
Nürnberg, S.M.S. 466, 471, 478
nurses 109–10
Nussey, A. H. M. 613
Nyangoa 633
Nyanza 617–18
Nyasa lake 621, 623, 630, 634, 640
Nyasaland 545, 578, 586, 600, 620–1, 635–6, 640, 704
Obeidullah, see Sindhi 807
Ober Ost, see Germany, army
Obruchev, N. N. 305
Oder 289
Odessa 678, 680, 698, 701
O’Dwyer, Michael 797
offensive, primacy of 187–9, 195, 227, 229–30, 285, 303–7, 336, 413, 993, 1008
Ogilvy, Frederick 389
oil 660, 674, 714, 718, 774, 779–80, 1044, 1095
Oise river 172, 253, 259–60, 266–7, 269
Ojem 526, 532, 538
Okohandja 565
Okuma Shigenobe 484, 488
Oliver, Henry 422–3, 428, 432
Olsen, General 616–19
Oltu 717, 719, 723–5, 728
Olympic, S.S. 420
Omaruru 566
Omet river 331
operational thought 171–2, 178–9, 181–4, 187–9, 191, 194, 236–7, 250, 253–4, 262, 264, 286, 289, 302–3, 327, 333–4, 350, 355, 373, 548, 604–7, 724, 727, 994, 998–9, 1004, 1007–9
Oppenheim, Max von 695–7, 700, 707–12, 770, 798–9
Oran 759, 765–6
Orange Free State 545, 551–3
Orange river 548, 550, 560–1, 563
Orcival 1116
Orlau 328
Orkney 395
Ortelsburg 320, 329–30
Orthodox church 59, 64, 652, 699, 1117
Osmanischer Lloyd 706
Osovets 307
Ossindinge 535, 537
Ostend 202, 221, 254, 270, 273, 415
Osterode 323, 327–8
Ostrolenka 326
Ostrovo 369
Ostrow 286
Otavi 566–7
Otavifontein 567
Otranto, H.M.S. 472, 474
Ottoman empire, see Turkey
Ottoman Freedom Society 654
Ottley, Charles 400, 402
Oujda 766
Oujo 627
Ourcq river 252, 254, 256, 259–60
Outjo 558, 567
Ovambo 556, 558–9, 566
Oxford University 78, 147, 1124, 1137
Pacific Ocean 386, 404, 407, 442–3, 445–8, 453–4, 464–7, 470, 483, 489, 1092
pacifism 111, 119–20, 132, 134
Pagan island 466–7, 470–1
Page, W. H. 991
Painlevé, Paul 858
Paish, George 859
Palanka 343
Paléologue, Maurice 82, 92
Palestine 628, 687, 689–90, 711, 734, 736–8
Palitsyn, F. F. 306–7, 313
Pallain, Georges 828
Pallavicini, Johann von 667, 669, 679, 716
Pals battalions 161
Pangani river 607, 610–11
Pan-German League 145, 1024, 1120
Panther 25
pan-Turkism 659–60, 702–5, 718–19, 722, 728–9, 776, 778
Papeete 472, 476
Papen, Franz von 800
Papua 465
Pare mountains 605, 607, 610–11
Paris 93, 105, 113, 126, 150–1, 154–6, 169, 177, 235, 245, 248–51, 253–4, 259, 847, 849, 973, 1054
conference, 1915 829
conference, 1916 970–1
Declaration of 400
Pasic, Nikola 67–8, 79–80
Patey, George 471–2, 475
Pau 847
Pau, Paul-Marie 189, 212–13, 226, 243
peace, compromise 1137–8
peasantry, reaction to war 105–6, 142, 149, 152, 154–5, 158, 160
Peel, Robert 866
Pelew islands 470
Pelletan, Camille 377
Pelly, Henry 434
Péguy, Charles 137
Penang 479
Pentland Firth 427
Percin, Alexandre 228
Péronne 266
Persia 19, 24, 443, 659, 674–5, 696, 702–4, 710, 714, 770, 772–88, 808, 813, 1132
Persian Gulf 660, 674–5, 689, 784
Peru 489, 1103
Peshawar 807
Pétain, Philippe 227
Petar Karageorgevich, king of Serbia 66–7
Petrograd 108, 115, 158, 308, 405–6, 1092, 1097–8, 1100, 1101
Pfähler, Georg 508
Pfeilschifter, Georg 1119
Pflanzer-Baltin, Karl von 372
Philippeville 644, 648, 650, 754
Philippines 407, 458
philosophy 1123–4, 1127–30, 1137
Picardy 269
Picot, Georges 542
Pigou, A. C. 866, 906
Pilica river 364, 366
Pinot, Robert 1054
Plaut, P
aul 153
Plehve, P. A. 353–6, 369–70
Plekhanov, Georgii 116
Plenge, Johann 153, 1131, 1134, 1138
Plessen, Hans von 72–3
Plymouth 397, 869
poetry 137–9, 141–2
Pohl, Hugo von 412, 418, 425–6, 431, 437–40, 453, 480, 650
Poincaré, Raymond 28–30, 50, 61, 75, 81, 86, 91–3, 100–1, 129–30, 143, 151, 191–4, 208, 250, 668
Pola 644, 650, 677, 699, 754
Poland 112, 287, 289–90, 294, 305–12, 315–16, 320, 327, 331–2, 347–8, 351–5, 358–73, 783, 993, 1001, 1040–1, 1044, 1093, 1095, 1114, 1117
Poles 37, 40, 56, 334, 696
Polivanov, A. A. 301–2, 313, 1089–9, 1101
Pollen, Arthur Hungerford 389–91
Polygon Wood 278
Pomerania 402
Pomiankowski, Joseph 698–9
Poperinghe 272
Popovic, Rade 66
Popovics, Alexander 841, 844, 915–17
Port Amelia 638
porters, see carriers
Port Nolloth 548, 550
Portsmouth 397
treaty of 484
Portugal 33, 599
colonies 495–6, 499, 501, 557–9, 585, 599, 601, 636, 638
see also Angola
Mozambique
declares war 608, 623–4
rebellion against 636
troops 624, 636, 639
Posen 287, 315–16, 320
Possehl, Emil Ludwig 1016
Postovskii, P. I. 317
Pothoff, Heinz 53
Poti 716–17
Potiorek, Oskar 71, 337–8, 340–1, 1004–5
Pound, Ezra 140
Pourtalès, Friedrich von 73, 86
powder production 1025
Pratap, Kumar Mahendra 772, 790–1, 807
Pregel river 332
press, influence of 103, 105, 143–6, 150–1
Pretorius, Pieter 504
preventive war 43, 45, 54–6, 68–9, 73–4, 81, 93, 98, 172, 286
Priboj 345
price control 816, 865
see also under individual countries
Prieska 548, 563, 568
Princess Royal, H.M.S. 434, 475
Princip, Gavrilo 65, 67, 102
Prinz Eitel Friedrich, S.M.S. 476, 479
prisoners of war 105, 758, 791, 797
Prittwitz und Gaffron, Maximilian von 318–24, 326, 335
Pröbster, Edgar 767
Prodamet 1101
propaganda 1138
Austro-Hungarian 711
British 1115, 1117–18, 1124, 1137
French 1117–18, 1121–3
German 705–12, 749, 757, 813, 1119, 1122, 1137
Turkish 702–6, 717, 749, 757, 805, 813, 952
Proskurov 348–9
Prothero, G. W. 1125
Prüfer, Curt 700, 711, 738
Prussia 206, 1024, 1028
Prussia, East 169, 235, 241, 287, 289–90, 294, 308–12, 314–35, 347–8, 350, 358, 360, 364, 367–8, 371, 405, 695
Przemysl 286, 337, 350, 352, 357, 361, 366, 372
Psichari, Ernest 137
psychoanalysis 137–8
Putilov works 1090, 1098–9, 1101, 1103
Putnik, Radomir 67, 78, 342–5
Putu 525
Pyrenees 1050