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To Arms Page 175

by Hew Strachan

Soldau 317, 328–9

  Solf, Wilhelm 746

  Sollum 745–6, 748, 751

  Solomon islands 465, 471

  Somalia 577, 579, 628, 746–7

  Sombart, Werner 1128–30, 1135–6, 1138

  Somerset Light Infantry 206

  Somme 172, 264, 266–7, 269, 1085–6, 1089, 1113

  battle of 933, 970

  Songea 577, 622–3, 629, 634–5, 640

  Sordet, General 220, 224, 259–60

  Sorley, Charles 137

  Souchon, Wilhelm 644, 646–51, 676–9, 685–7, 699, 716–17, 754, 949

  South Africa 205–6, 445, 496, 498, 501, 819

  Afrikaners and Union 544–5, 550–4, 561–2, 568, 600–1

  church 552

  Defence Forces 546–7, 550–2, 598–9, 601, 614, 626–7, 631

  East Africa and 598–601, 605, 626, 641–2

  gold 826

  Indians in 544

  Labour party 543–4, 554

  Nationalist party 545, 551, 554

  Parliament and war 546, 551

  rebellion 551–4

  responses to outbreak of war 543–4, 546

  South Africa party 554

  war aims 544, 566–9, 600–1, 608, 624, 626, 642–3

  South African Native National Congress 544

  Southampton, H.M.S. 416, 429

  South West Africa 118–19, 207, 448, 452, 497, 544–6, 570, 598–601, 605, 623

  armistice in 566, 568–9

  Boer links with 553–5, 563, 568–9

  defence, plans for 554–6, 559–60, 566

  finance 556

  food 555–6, 566

  invasion of 550

  plans for 546, 548, 560–1

  rebellion in 564

  Schütztruppen 555–7

  Spain 24, 495, 509, 526, 538, 756, 766, 768, 833, 984–6, 1025, 1029, 1065, 1107

  Spee, Graf von 428, 464, 466–80

  Heinrich 478

  Otto 478

  Spencer, Herbert 134

  Spengler, Oswald 136, 1136

  Spicer-Simson, G. B. 616

  spies 106, 145, 710, 737–8, 754, 756, 768–9, 791

  Spitzmüller, Alexander 853, 918

  Sprenger, Otto 697

  Spring-Rice, Cecil 800, 804, 978

  Srem 345

  Staabs, Heinrich von 169

  ‘stab in the back’ 163, 569

  Stallupönen 321

  Stamp, Josiah 872, 904

  Stampfer, Friedrich 122

  Stanford, Charles 141

  Stanford University 795

  Stanley, Venetia 811

  Staringer, Adolf 764

  state intervention 897–8, 903, 964–5, 1112

  see also under individual countries

  Stavka, see Russia, army

  Steinkopf 553–4

  Stettiner Vulcan 408

  Stewart, J. M. 603, 606–7

  Steyr 1046

  stock exchange closure 821–2, 839, 843, 845, 849

  Stockholm 490–1

  Stoddart, Archibald 473, 475

  Stokes, Wilfred 1069–70

  Stolypin, P. A. 19–20, 44, 59, 299, 403

  Strachey, Charles 542

  Straub, Johann 293, 296

  Strasbourg 150, 168, 177, 207, 212, 234

  Strempel, Walter von 666–7

  strikes 1072–3

  Strong, Benjamin 831–2, 966, 973

  Struve, P. B. 59

  Strykoff 370

  Stuck, Franz von 136

  Sturdee, Frederick Doveton 382, 391, 415, 422, 441, 475–7

  Sturgkh, Karl 40, 75–6

  Stuttgart 106, 111, 116, 119

  submarines 378, 384–5, 394–7, 412, 417–21, 431–2, 434, 437, 439–40, 444, 590, 751, 754, 767, 769, 913, 966–7, 975–6, 984, 991, 1029

  Sudan 577, 598, 704, 729, 732, 746–7, 749–50

  Südekum, Albert 122

  Sudi 615

  Suez canal 448, 598, 647, 652, 680, 687, 689, 695, 700–1, 729, 734–42

  suffragettes 131

  Sukhomlinov, V. A. 83, 301–3, 306–8, 312–15, 317, 719, 999, 1096, 1098, 1102–4

  Sulayman, Awlad 752

  Sunguldak 692

  Sun Yat-sen 456, 487, 802–3

  Sussex 160

  Suva 465

  Suvalki 360

  Suvorov, A. V. 304, 306

  Svechin, A. A. 1007

  Swakopmund 548, 559–65

  Swakop river 562, 565

  Swat 807

  Sweden 308, 350, 405, 491, 771, 773, 781, 785, 788, 833, 942, 945, 947, 984, 986, 1019–20, 1027, 1065, 1091

  Swilly, Lough 420

  Switzerland 260, 280, 833, 942, 945, 947–8, 955, 984–6

  as base for propaganda 705, 710, 734, 772, 799

  Sydney 384, 453

  Sydney, H.M.A.S. 479–80

  Syra 647

  Syria 655, 664, 685, 687, 689–90, 701, 708, 735–6, 738, 743, 754, 951

  Szögeny, Laslo von 71

  Tabora 574, 577, 586, 589, 597, 608, 610, 612, 615, 618–19, 621–2, 630, 634, 640

  Tabriz 714–15, 772–3, 775–6

  tactics: African 503–4, 513, 753–4, 760, 764

  infantry 167–8, 187–9, 221–2, 230, 237–9, 279–80, 303–5, 321–2, 341, 578, 617, 994, 998–9, 1001–4, 1008, 1081, 1086

  naval 391–3, 410, 419–20, 445–6, 475, 1012

  Tafel, Theodor 633–5

  Tailalat 766

  Tagama, Sultan of Air 763

  Tagore, Rabindranath 803

  Tahir Bey, Asif 756–7, 768

  Tahiti 472, 476

  Taiwan 455

  Talaat, Mehmed 654, 657–9, 667–9, 673, 675–6, 678, 697, 718

  Tanga 574, 576, 580–4, 591, 596, 604, 608, 610, 614, 617, 638

  Tanganyika, see East Africa, German

  lake 574–5, 585, 597, 600, 616, 618

  Tangistani 781, 788

  Tankosic, Vojin 66–7

  Tannenberg, battle of 323–31, 333–5, 723

  Tanty, Etienne 155

  Tappen, Gerhard 231, 237, 242, 262, 265

  Tarde, Alfred de 139

  Tardieu, André 269, 980

  Tarnopol 348

  Tatars 708, 712, 714–15

  Taurus mountains 690–1, 716

  Taveta 576, 579, 596, 599, 602, 605–7

  Tawney, R. H. 133

  taxation, principles of 862–6, 903–5

  see also under individual countries

  Taza 766, 768

  Tebuk 690

  Teheran 772–3, 782–8, 791

  telephones 233–4

  Tell Ebiad 690–1, 716

  Terauchi Seiki 492

  Terschelling 430

  Tersztyansky von Nadas, Karl 344

  Tervaete 275

  Teskilat-i Mahsusa 684, 705, 757

  Tete 636

  Texel 421

  Thailand 799, 802

  Thames river 427

  Theodosia 678

  Thierry, Joseph 858, 881–2

  Thionville 184, 195, 207, 212, 217

  Thomas, Albert 1062–4, 1078, 1081, 1109–10, 1111

  Thomas, D. A. 1087, 1105

  Thorn 316, 368–9

  Thourout 275–6

  Thrace 687–8, 698, 717

  Thurn, Count 799

  Tibati 534–5, 537, 542

  Tiflis 712, 715–16, 719, 726, 776, 786

  Tiger, H.M.S. 433–5

  Tighe, M. J. 582, 584, 587–8, 603, 606

  Tigris river 660, 786

  Timbuktu 763

  Timchenko-Ruban, General 1104

  Times, The 143, 1076–7, 1121, 1124

  Timsah lake 739

  Tirpitz, Alfred von 11–12, 20–1, 23, 31, 33, 52–3, 78, 175, 405–13, 418, 424–6, 431, 437–8, 440, 447, 449, 453, 458, 650, 666, 700, 1017

  Tisza, Istvan 38, 56, 76–7, 296, 336, 346, 372

  Tiznit 767

  tobacco production 902, 947, 955

  Tochi 807

  Todenwarth, Wol
ffron 751

  Togoland 448, 495, 505–9, 513, 520, 542, 763

  Tokyo University 803

  Tomashoff 371

  Tombeur, Charles 585–6, 597, 600, 608, 615–19

  torpedo boats 377, 384, 391, 394, 418, 423, 426, 432–4, 444, 662

  torpedoes 418, 420, 435

  Toul 181, 194, 244–5, 253, 263, 1001

  Toulon 377

  Touareg 761–4

  Tournai 221

  Townley, William 776

  Trabzon 715–17

  trade unionism, international 114, 132

  Trades Union Congress 864

  Transvaal 552–3, 600

  Treasury agreement 1073, 1080

  Trekkopjes 564

  Treitschke, Heinrich von 143, 1120, 1122, 1127

  trenches 230, 260–1, 278–80, 321, 341, 356–7, 373, 463, 994, 999–1000, 1004, 1032–3, 1079

  Trevelyan, Charles 132–3

  Trier 168, 265

  Trieste 1040

  trinitrotoluene (TNT) 1027, 1083–4

  Triple Alliance 8, 14, 29, 44–5, 51–2, 57, 100, 287, 290

  Tripoli 745, 752, 764

  Tripolitania, see Libya

  Triumph, H.M.S. 447, 466, 470

  Troeltsch, Ernst 1116, 1120, 1131–2, 1134–5, 1137–8

  Troubridge, Ernest 646–7, 673–4

  Trubetskoy, G. N. 59–60

  Trudoviks 115–16

  Tryon, George 392

  Tsaritsyn 1103

  Tsavo 580, 599

  Tschirschky, Heinrich von 71

  Tserethlis, Michael 718

  tsetse fly 605, 609, 612, 614, 620

  Tsinan 462

  Tsingtao 10, 447–9, 453, 457, 459–60, 462–4, 466–7, 470–1, 484, 490–2

  Tsushima, battle of 32, 298, 376–7, 392–3, 403, 405–7, 418

  Tsumeb 548, 565–8

  Tuan Chi-jui 489

  Tübingen University 1122

  Tulle 1060

  Tulo 614

  Tundala 630

  Tunduru 630, 633

  Tunisi, Salih ash-Sharif al- 711

  Tunisia 696, 709–11, 743, 745, 750, 754, 758, 760–4, 769, 813, 1132

  Turanianism, see pan-Turkism

  Turiani 612

  Turkestan 317, 659, 703–4, 715

  Turkey 33, 35

  Action Army 654

  Afghanistan and 770, 779–80

  armies: 1st 687–8, 784

  2nd 654, 688

  3rd 654, 688, 699, 717, 719, 722–4, 784

  4th 685, 689, 700–1, 711, 732, 735, 743, 748

  6th 779, 784, 814, 951

  army 41, 60, 670, 677–8, 680–89, 693, 737

  artillery 683, 952, 1032

  budget 682–3

  cavalry 683

  general staff 686, 722–4

  German mission 664, 666–7, 685–8, 717, 722–4, 735, 784

  manpower 681–2, 688, 693, 717

  munitions 683–4, 691–2

  officer corps 681, 688

  in politics 653–7, 666, 681, 684

  supply services 683–4, 722–3, 734–6, 739, 742

  Austria-Hungary, relations with 51, 655, 663, 667, 670, 672, 698–9, 711, 952

  Balkan league and 668–72, 687, 698, 701

  Balkan Wars and 49–51, 290, 655–7, 667, 683, 717, 722

  borrowing 953–4

  overseas 949–53

  Britain, relations with 45, 60, 652, 655, 660–3, 667, 672–5, 679–80, 730

  Bulgaria and 667–8, 671, 675, 677–8, 701

  capitulations 653, 671, 673, 675–6

  coal 692

  Committee of Union and Progress 654–60, 661, 669, 672, 678, 703–4, 730–2

  corps: VIII 687, 701, 735–6, 738;

  IX 716, 722–8

  X 717, 722–8

  XI 717, 722–3, 725–7

  XII 701

  currency and circulation 903, 950–1, 953

  divisions: 10th 742

  17th 724, 726

  28th 726

  29th 725

  economy 816, 955

  education 706–7

  Egypt and 729–32

  Entente and 671–3, 675, 950

  exchange rates 949

  financial crisis, August 1914 675–6

  foreign borrowing 61, 652–3, 656, 663, 668, 676, 691, 711

  France, relations with 652, 655–6, 663, 667–8, 672, 675

  Germany, relations with 51–2, 60–1, 648–51, 655, 661, 663–80, 698–701, 706–12, 729–30, 735–6, 751, 771, 779–80, 782, 784, 949–53, 1049

  Greece, relations with 662, 667–8, 671

  India and 798–9, 805–8

  Islam and 651–2, 658, 668

  Italy, relations with 661, 745, 760

  language 682, 706–7

  liberalism in 653, 656, 658

  Libya and 743–54, 760

  ministry of war 689, 704–5, 722

  Morocco and 756–7, 760, 768

  multi-nationalism 651, 658

  munitions production 1065

  nationalism 651, 658–60, 680, 702–4, 709–10

  navy 60–1, 649–51, 661–2, 673–4, 677–8, 685,

  699, 701, 717

  neutrality 670–4, 676, 678–9

  Persia and 774, 776, 778–80, 782, 784–5

  prices 951

  railways 655, 660, 663–4, 689–93, 734

  see also Baghdad railway

  Romania and 668, 671–2, 698, 701

  Russia, relations with 652, 655, 658, 661–2, 664, 667–8, 670, 672–3, 675, 678–9

  sultanate 653, 656

  taxation 903

  trade 663, 952–3

  Triple Alliance and 671–2

  war aims 671–2, 729

  see also pan-Turkism

  war enthusiasm 673, 675

  war loan 953

  war plans 687–9, 698–702, 737–8

  Young Turk revolution 41–3, 653–4

  Turkish Hearth Society 658

  Tussum 739

  Tutsi, see Watusi

  Twenty-One Demands 483–7

  Tyne river 427

  Tyrwhitt, Reginald 415–19, 431–2

  Ubangi river 509, 518

  Ubena 623, 640

  Uchida Ryohei 484–5

  Uchida Yasuya 490–1

  Ufiome 608

  Uganda 499–500, 576, 578–9, 586, 596–8, 615, 617, 704

  Ujedinjenje ili Smrt 46, 66–7, 76

  Ujiji 615, 618

  Ukraine 696, 699, 712, 1117

  Uluguru mountains 613, 615

  Ulu Kischla 690, 716

  Umba valley 596

  Umma party 730–1

  Union of Democratic Control 133

  union sacrée 129–30, 131, 133, 156, 1138

  Union of Towns 1097, 1099

  Union of Zemstvos 1097, 1099

  United States:

  army 991

  banks 940–1; see also Federal Reserve system

  Belgium, loans to 977

  borrowing 907, 923, 935–41, 974, 984, 991

  Britain and 457, 800, 804

  loans to 966–8, 970, 972–5, 977–9, 989

  trade with 963, 966, 972–4, 1105–6, 1108

  budgets 862, 876–8

  China and 456, 486–7

  Congress 831, 877–8

  currency 826, 936, 941

  economy 13

  entry to war 831–2, 943, 974–6, 991, 1114

  exchange rates 826–7, 830–1, 935–6, 965–8, 976, 978-9

  Federal Reserve system 831–2, 907, 935–6, 940, 966, 973–4, 978, 983

  financial pressures on allies 861, 955, 973–4, 976–7, 979, 984, 991–2

  France, loans to 962, 964, 970, 972–3, 977, 979-81, 984, 986

  trade with 963, 969, 973, 1050, 1056, 1106, 1108

  Germany, relations with 460, 800, 943–4, 1019, 1025, 1029, 1139

  gold 832–3, 907, 935–6, 959, 966, 973, 976, 986

  gold production 826–7

  immigration 443
, 795–6

  industry 831, 937, 991

  India and 795–6, 800, 804

  inflation 832, 936–7, 941

  interest rates 937, 939–41

  Italy, loans to 961–2, 975, 977, 979, 982–3

  trade with 961–2

  Japan, relations with 444, 456, 458, 464, 467, 487, 489

  Liberty loans 938–41

  loan anticipation certificates 938

  metal industry 1052

  munitions industry 1050, 1061, 1083, 1086, 1104–6, 1108, 1112

  navy 384, 442, 445–6, 458, 677

  neutrality 962–3, 966, 974, 976, 991

  Russia, loans to 956–7, 975, 977

  trade with 956–7, 959

  Samoa and 483

  Spain, trade with 985–6

  stock exchange 821, 826–7, 937

  Switzerland, trade with 986

  taxation 865, 876–8, 905, 937–9

  excess profits 877–8

  income 876–8

  trade unions 114

  universities and the war 1122–5

  Upington 548, 550–1, 553–5, 568

  Urals 1095

  Urbal, Victor d’ 276–7

  Urfella 752

  Urmia, lake 775, 779

  Urundi 577, 585–6, 597, 608, 615–18, 630

  Usakos 559, 562, 564–5

  Usambara 574, 617–18

  Usdau 329

  Usedom, Guido von 686–7

  Utungi lake 626

  Uzice 340, 343, 345–6

  Vaal river 553

  Vaillant, Edouard 111–12, 114, 119, 126

  Valenciennes 222, 224, 265, 268

  Valjevo 338, 340, 343–4

  Valparaiso 473, 475–6

  Van 716, 719

  lake 775, 779, 784

  Vanderlip, Frank 963

  Vandervelde, Emil 113, 116, 159

  Vankov, General 1098

  Varta river 367

  Vaterlandische Frauenverein 109

  Vatican 1117, 1119

  see also Catholicism

  Venizelos, Eleutherios 649, 673–4

  Verdun 168–9, 177, 181, 185, 194–5, 201, 245, 248, 250, 253, 255, 257, 259–61, 263–5, 267, 366, 970, 1001

  Verdun, Archbishop of 1118

  Vereeniging, Treaty of 544

  Versailles, Treaty of 1–2

  Vesle river 256

  Vickers 395, 662, 1065–8, 1071–3, 1081–2, 1091, 1104

  Victoria, Australia 445

  Victoria, Cameroons 509, 519–20

  Victoria, H.M.S. 392

  Victoria, Lake 576, 586, 588, 598, 617, 630

  Vienna 41, 104–5, 112, 150, 157, 1043

  Vienne 155

  Vignal, Colonel 1106

  Vilkovishki 360

  Vilna 306, 317, 326, 1093

  Vimy 268

  Virton 219

  Visegrad 345

  Visloka river 359, 361

  Vistula 286, 289, 291, 307, 309, 318, 320, 322–4, 327, 331, 348, 350, 353, 359, 361, 364–5, 367, 369, 373

  Vitry-le-François 226

  Viviani, René 76, 81, 86, 91–3, 127, 130, 151, 1062

  Vladikavlaz 716

  Vladivostok 1092, 1107

  vocabulary 108

  Voi 579, 596, 599, 607

  Volga 306

  Volta river 505

 

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