On Violence and On Violence Against Women
Page 39
24. Arendt, The Human Condition, p. 27.
25. Ibid., pp. 31, 34.
26. Judith Butler, Precarious Life – The Powers of Mourning and Violence, London: Verso, 2004.
27. Arendt, On Violence, p. 53.
28. Ibid., pp. 53, 55, 87.
29. Catharine MacKinnon, ‘Desire in Power’, Feminism Unmodified, p. 53.
30. Arendt, The Human Condition, pp. 62–3.
31. Ibid., pp. 244, 191.
32. Hannah Arendt, One/Thinking, Vol. 1, The Life of the Mind, New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1971, 1978, 1977, p. 57, 61, 55, 122.
33. Ibid., p. 199.
34. See Lyndsey Stonebridge, Stateless People – Writing, Rights and Refugees, Oxford University Press, 2018.
35. Arendt, The Life of the Mind, p. 198.
36. Ibid., p. 198; Lacan, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, translated by Alan Sheridan, London: Penguin, 1973, Karnac, 2004, p. 76.
37. Arendt, The Life of the Mind, p. 150.
38. See Arendt’s essay ‘Rosa Luxemburg: 1871–1919’, Men in Dark Times, London: Jonathan Cape, 1970, and also my discussion of Luxemburg, ‘Woman on the Verge of Revolution: Rosa Luxemburg’, Women in Dark Times, London: Bloomsbury, 2014.
39. Arendt, ‘Willing’, The Life of the Mind, p. 136.
40. Luxemburg to Hans Diefenbach, 1917 (complete date not given), cited in Elzbieta Ettinger, Rosa Luxemburg: A Life, Boston: Beacon Press, 1986, p. 213.
41. Elliott Jaques, ‘Foreword’, Melanie Klein, Narrative of a Child Analysis – The Conduct of the Psycho-Analysis of Children as Seen in the Treatment of a Ten-year-old Boy, London: Hogarth, 1984.
42. Ibid., pp. 22, 194, 347 (my italics).
43. MacKinnon, ‘Introduction – Women’s Status, Men’s States’, Are Women Human?, p. 2.
44. MacKinnon, ‘Women’s September 11th – Rethinking the International Law of Conflict’, Are Women Human?, pp. 260–1, 272.
45. Julia Kristeva, Melanie Klein, translated by Ross Guberman, New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
46. Klein, Narrative of a Child Analysis, pp. 34, 25, 111.
47. Ibid., p. 426 (my italics).
48. See Jacqueline Rose, ‘War in the Nursery’, Why War? Psychoanalysis, Politics and the Return to Melanie Klein, Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
49. Klein, Narrative of a Child Analysis, p. 100n
50. Ibid., p. 466.
51. Juliet Mitchell, ‘The Law of the Mother – Sibling Trauma and the Brotherhood of War’, Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis 21:1, 2013.
52. See Luingam Luithui and Nandita Haksar, Nagaland File – A Question of Human Rights, Delhi: Lancer International, 1984.
53. Temsula Ao, These Hills Called Home – Stories from a War Zone, New Delhi: Zubaan, Kali for Women, 2006, p. x. My thanks to Akshi Singh for bringing Ao to my attention.
54. Ibid., p. 33.
55. Ibid., pp. 92, 93, 97.
56. Ibid., pp. 96, 108, 113.
57. Sam Jordison, ‘Eimear McBride’s Publisher Gives the Inside Story’, Guardian, Saturday Review, 7 June 2014.
58. Eimear McBride, A Girl Is a Half-formed Thing, Norwich: Galley Beggar Press, 2013, p. 3.
59. Ibid., p. 95.
60. Virginia Woolf, A Room of One’s Own, 1929, Oxford University Press, 1992, pp. 126–7, 62.
61. McBride, Girl, pp. 162, 95.
62. Anne Enright, reviewing McBride, Guardian, 20 September 2013.
63. McBride, Girl, p. 96.
64. Ibid., p. 194.
65. For a fuller discussion of critical responses to the novel, including an account of the lecture in which I first discussed McBride – ‘Modernism: The Unfinished Legacy’, delivered at the British Association for Modernist Studies (BAMS) on 26 June 2014 – see David Collard, About a Girl – A Reader’s Guide to Eimear McBride’s A Girl Is a Half-formed Thing, London: CB Editions, 2016.
5. Writing Violence – From Modernism to Eimear McBride
1. Will Self, ‘Journey to the End of the Night’, Guardian, 3 August 2012; Gabriel Josipovici, What Ever Happened to Modernism?, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2010.
2. John Gray, Al Qaeda and What It Means to Be Modern, London: Faber, 2003.
3. Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, The Dialectic of Enlightenment, 1944, London: Verso, 1979, pp. xvii, xii.
4. Josipovici, What Ever Happened to Modernism?
5. Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1919–1941, London: Michael Joseph, 1994.
6. Sigmund Freud, ‘A Disturbance of Memory on the Acropolis’, 1936, The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works, Vol. 22, London: Hogarth, 1964, pp. 237–48.
7. Ibid., pp. 244, 245.
8. Virginia Woolf, Between the Acts, 1940, Oxford University Press, World’s Classics edition, 2008, p. 160.
9. Ibid., Introduction by Frank Kermode, pp. xiii–xv.
10. Jacques Lacan, ‘The Function and Field of Speech and Language in Psychoanalysis’, 1953, Ecrits, translated by Alan Sheridan, London: Tavistock, 1977, p. 86 (my italics).
11. Woolf, Between the Acts, p. 89.
12. Woolf, Three Guineas, 1938, Oxford World’s Classics, 1992.
13. Rosa Luxemburg, Rote Fahne, 18 November 1918, cited in Tony Cliff, Rosa Luxemburg, London: Bookmarks, 1959, p. 31.
14. Walter Benjamin, ‘Theses on the Philosophy of History’, Illuminations, edited with an introduction by Hannah Arendt, translated by Harry Zohn, London: Collins/Fontana, 1970, p. 259.
15. Josipovici, What Ever Happened to Modernism?, p. 106.
16. Rosalind E. Krauss, The Picasso Papers, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1998, p. 33.
17. Ibid., p. 34.
18. Toni Morrison, ‘Unspeakable Things Unspoken: the Afro-American Presence in American Literature’, presented as the Tanner Lecture on Human Values, University of Michigan, 7 October 1988, p. 3. tannerlectures.utah.edu/ _documents/a-to-z/m/morrison90.pdf.
19. Toni Morrison, Beloved, London: Chatto and Windus, 1987, p. 3
20. Morrison, ‘Unspeakable Things Unspoken’, p. 31.
21. Morrison, Beloved, p. 36.
22. Steve Dow, ‘“Such Brutality”: Tricked into Slavery in the Thai Fishing Industry’, Guardian, 21 September 2019; Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, Modern Slavery, 2020, www.rbkc.gov.uk/community-and-local-life/community-safety/modern-slavery.
23. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/.
24. ‘Write Good Books and Try Not to Die – Interview with Eimear McBride’ in David Collard, About a Girl, p. 140.
25. Eimear McBride, ‘My Hero: James Joyce’ in ibid.
26. McBride, Girl, pp. 28, 33, 131.
27. May Sinclair, The Life and Death of Harriett Frean, 1922, London: Virago, 1980, p. 18.
28. Carl Gustav Jung to James Joyce, August 1932, cited in Richard Ellmann, James Joyce, Oxford University Press, 1959, p. 642.
29. James Joyce, Ulysses, 1922, Harmondsworth: Penguin Modern Classics, 1971, p. 379.
30. McBride, Girl, p. 194.
31. McBride, ‘My Hero, James Joyce’.
32. Alice O’Keeffe, ‘Eimear McBride: “I Was Really Bored with the Way Sex is Written About”’, The Bookseller, 8 J
uly 2016.
33. Ibid.
34. Eimear McBride, The Lesser Bohemians, London: Faber & Faber, 2016, pp. 39, 26, 231.
35. Ibid., p. 57.
36. Collard, About a Girl, p. 137.
37. Ibid., pp. 137–8, 133.
38. McBride, Lesser Bohemians, pp. 3, 4, 14.
39. Ibid., p. 110.
40. O’Keeffe, ‘Eimear McBride’.
41. McBride, Lesser Bohemians, pp. 70, 110.
42. Ibid., pp. 105–6.
43. Ibid., pp. 165, 166.
44. Ibid., pp. 166, 169, 186.
45. Rebecca Ratcliffe, ‘Sexually Abused Boys Often Overlooked by State Laws, Global Study Warns’, Guardian, 16 January 2019.
46. Collard, About a Girl, p. 139.
47. McBride, Lesser Bohemians, pp. 241, 243.
48. Ibid., pp. 137, 263.
49. Vanessa Thorpe, ‘There is So Much More to Her than Bridget Jones’, Observer, 4 September 2016.
50. McBride, Lesser Bohemians, pp. 124–5.
51. Collard, About a Girl, p. 137.
52. McBride, Lesser Bohemians, pp. 107, 114.
6. The Killing of Reeva Steenkamp, the Trial of Oscar Pistorius – Sex and Race in the Courtroom
1. John Carlin, Chase Your Shadow: The Trials of Oscar Pistorius, London: Atlantic Books, 2014, pp. 198, 221.
2. ‘Oscar Pistorius Murder Trial: as it happened’, Daily Telegraph, 4 March 2014.
3. Jamie Grierson, ‘South Africa Court Doubles Oscar Pistorius’s Prison Sentence’, Guardian, 24 November 2017.
4. Carlin, Chase Your Shadow, p. 361; Johnny Steinberg, ‘Pistorius Has Become a Source of Racial Shame’, Business Day Live, 19 September 2014. For comments on the verdict, see also Leon Louw, ‘Ignorance Fuels Feeding Frenzy over Pistorius’, Business Day Live, 17 September 2014; Trudi Makhaya, ‘Masipa’s Pistorius Ruling Puts Judicial Error in the Spotlight’, Business Day Live, 16 September 2014; Kim Ludbrook, ‘Judge Masipa Got It Wrong’, IOL News, 11 September 2014; Eusebius McKaiser, ‘Oscar: Fair Sentence But for Unjust Reasons’, IOL, 21 October 2014; Kim Hawkey, ‘Masipa Got Pistorius Judgement Right – on the Law’, Business Day Live, 18 September 2014; Jonathan Burchell, ‘Masipa’s Decision to Acquit Oscar of Murder Justified’, Business Day Live, 17 September 2014.
5. Carlin, Chase Your Shadow, p. 189.
6. Mandy Wiener and Barry Bateman, Behind the Door: The Oscar Pistorius and Reeva Steenkamp Story, London: Macmillan, pp. 206ff.
7. Cited in ibid., p. 213.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., pp. 212.
10. Nick Davies, ‘Who Was the Man in the Green Blanket?’, Guardian, 19 May 2015
11. Aislinn Laing, ‘A Chime Every Four Minutes for the Victims as South Africa Radio Stations Join Rape Outcry’, Telegraph, 8 February 2013; Ashraf Hendricks, ‘Every Three Hours a Woman Is Murdered in South Africa’, Al Jazeera, 3 September 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/3-hours-woman-murdered-south-africa-190905103533183.html.
12. Associated Press, ‘Meghan Starts African Visit’.
13. Cited in Wiener and Bateman, Behind the Door, p. 39.
14. Ibid., p. 34.
15. Greg Nicholson, ‘Pistorius Trial: Reeva Steenkamp Emerges on Day 46’, Daily Maverick, 15 October 2014. Thanks to Rachel Holmes for sending me this link.
16. Cited in Wiener and Bateman, Behind the Door, p. 543.
17. Masipa Judgement, ‘In the matter between the State and Oscar Leonard Carl Pistorius’, High Court of South Africa, Gauteng Division, Pretoria, Judgement, Vol. 42, pp. 3280–351, 3328.
18. Thanks to Rachel Holmes, who has long been a key informant on South Africa, for alerting me to this book.
19. Eusebius McKaiser, A Bantu in my Bathroom: Debating Race, Sexuality and Other Uncomfortable South African Topics, Johannesburg: Bookstorm and Pan Macmillan, 2012.
20. Ibid., p. 25.
21. Ibid., pp. 26, 25, 43.
22. Masipa, Judgement, p. 3311.
23. Carlin, Chase Your Shadow, p. 233.
24. Margie Orford, ‘Oscar Pistorius Trial: the Imaginary Black Stranger at the Heart of the Defence’, Guardian Africa, 6 March 2014, also cited in Wiener and Bateman, although they attribute the article to the Sunday Times (p. 453).
25. Masipa, Judgement, p. 3328.
26. Mark Gevisser, Lost and Found in Johannesburg, Johannesburg and Cape Town: Jonathan Ball, 2014, pp. 82, 36.
27. Ibid., pp. 136, 199, 36.
28. ‘Report of US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence covering the period from January 3, 2013 to June 5, 2014’, 31 March 2015, p. 40 of 499, http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/study2014/sscistudy1.pdf.
29. Toni Morrison, ‘Introduction: Friday on the Potomac’, Race-ing Justice, En-gendering Power, Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Construction of Social Reality, New York: Pantheon, 1992, pp. xi–xviii.
30. Wiener and Bateman, Behind the Door, p. 255.
31. Masipa, Judgement, p. 3320.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Wiener and Bateman, Behind the Door, p. 142
35. Ibid., p. 353.
36. Pistorius, Final Statement, cited in ibid., pp. 399–401.
37. Ibid., pp. 231–2.
38. Masipa, Judgement, p. 3320.
39. Wiener and Bateman, Behind the Door, pp. 234, 328, 342.
40. Suzanne Moore, ‘Reeva Steenkamp Was a Victim of Male Violence. That is the Real Story’, Guardian, 22 October 2014.
41. Wiener and Bateman, Behind the Door, p. 516.
42. Ibid., p. 368.
43. Masipa, Judgement, pp. 3304–5.
44. Thanks to Gillian Slovo for pointing this out to me.
45. Wiener and Bateman, Behind the Door, p. 424.
46. Thanks to Zeina Ghandour for sending me the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_hle5shsDY. The moment comes at 17.00 minutes into the footage. As Ghandour also points out, it is pretty amazing this was not picked up by Nel nor indeed it seems by any commentator (we were hoping Nel would read this and it would change everything).
47. Wiener and Bateman, Behind the Door, p. 37.
48. Ibid., p. 35.
49. Sean Ingle, ‘Semenya Loses Landmark Case against IAAF over Testosterone Levels’, Guardian, 1 May 2019.
50. Carlin, Chase Your Shadow, pp. 53, 48.
51. Oscar Pistorius, Blade Runner – My Story, first published as Dream Runner, Milan: Rizzoli, 2008, London: Virgin, 2009, p. 11.
52. Cora Kaplan, ‘Afterword: Liberalism, Feminism, and Defect’ in Helen Deutsch and Felicity Nussbaum (eds), ‘Defects’: Engendering the Modern Body, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000, p. 304.
53. Hilary Clark, ‘On Depression Narratives: “Hence, into the Dark, We Write…”’ in Merri Lisa Johnson and Susannah B. Mintz (eds), On the Literary Non-Fiction of Nancy Mairs, a Critical Anthology, Palgrave, 2011, p. 64.
54. Nancy Mairs, ‘On Being a Cripple’, Plaintext: Essays by Nancy Mairs, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986, p. 10.
55. Wiener and Bateman, Behind the Door, p. 471.
56. Masipa, Judgement, p. 3314.
57. Carlin, Chase Your Shadow, p. 320.
58. Wiener and Bateman, Behind the Door, p. 217.