Healthy Kids, Happy Moms

by Sheila Kilbane, MD

  13.Rohrmann, Sabine, et al. “Meat Consumption and Mortality—Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.” BMC Medicine 11, no. 1 (December 2013): 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-63.

  14.Crowe, William, et al. “A Review of the In Vivo Evidence Investigating the Role of Nitrite Exposure from Processed Meat Consumption in the Development of Colorectal Cancer.” Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 2673. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112673.

  15.Kleinbongard, Petra, et al. “Plasma Nitrite Concentrations Reflect the Degree of Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans.” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 40, no. 2 (January 2006): 295–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.08.025.

  CHAPTER 6

  1.Mickleborough, T. D., Lindley, M. R., Lonescu, A. A., and Fly, A. D., “Protective Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction in Asthma.” Chest 129 (2006): 39–49.

  2.Simopoulos, A. P. “Human Requirement for N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.” Poult Sci 79, no. 7 (July 2000): 961–970. Accessed February 14, 2016. http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/content/79/7/961.long.

  3.Haag M., “Essential Fatty Acids and the Brain.” Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie 48, no. 3 (2003):195–203.

  4.Chang, Chia-Yu, et al. “Essential Fatty Acids and Human Brain.” Acta Neurol Taiwan 18, no. 4 (December 2009): 231–241.

  5.Makki, Kassem, et al. “The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease.” Cell Host & Microbe 23, no. 6 (June 2018): 705–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.012.

  6.Makki, Kassem, et al. “The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease.”

  7.McDonald, Daniel, et al. “American Gut: An Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research.” Edited by Casey S. Greene. MSystems 3, no. 3 (May 15, 2018): e00031-18, /msystems/3/3/msys.00031-18.atom. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00031-18.

  8.Gupta, Charu, and Dhan Prakash. “Phytonutrients as Therapeutic Agents.” Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 11, no. 3 (January 1, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2013-0021.

  9.Simopoulos, A. P. and Salem, N. Jr. “n–3 Fatty Acids in Eggs from Range-fed Greek Chickens.” New England Journal of Medicine 321 (1989): 1412–1415.

  10.Kris-Etherton, P. M., et al. “Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Food Chain in the United States.” Am J Clin Nutr 71, no. 1 (January 2000): 179S–188S. Accessed February 14, 1016. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/71/1/179S.full?ijkey=5c7af875f3dc71a303f7df78c52145e8b7c31643.

  CHAPTER 7

  1.“Got Milk Article.” Originally published in UC Davis Innovator, Spring 1999. Reprinted at https://milk.com/value/innovator-spring99.html.

  2.“Got Milk Article.”

  3.“Got Milk Article.”

  4.Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine and Catherine Holmes for herself and as a representative for others similarly situated (Plaintiff) versus Kraft Foods, Inc., General Mills, inc., Dannon Company, Inc, McNeil P.P.C., Inc., International Dairy Foods Association, Dairy Management, Inc., National Dairy Council, and Lifeway Foods, Inc. (Defendants). https://milk.procon.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/pcrmlawsuit.pdf.

  5.Keast, D. R., et al. “Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients among Children in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006.” Nutrients 5, no. 1 (2013): 283–301.

  6.Hegsted, D. M. “Calcium and Osteoporosis.” The Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 2316–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/116.11.2316.

  7.Hegsted, D. Mark, Calcium, and the Modern Diet.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): 571–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.5.571.

  8.Feskanich, D., et al. “Milk, Dietary Calcium, and Bone Fractures in Women: A 12-Year Prospective Study.” American Journal of Public Health 87, no. 6 (June 1997): 992–97. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.6.992.

  9.Hunt, Curtiss D., and LuAnn K. Johnson. “Calcium Requirements: New Estimations for Men and Women by Cross-Sectional Statistical Analyses of Calcium Balance Data from Metabolic Studies.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 1054–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1054.

  10.Ross, A. Catharine, et al. “The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 1 (January 2011): 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2704.

  11.“Nutrition and Bone Health: With Particular Reference to Calcium and Vitamin D. Report of the Subgroup on Bone Health, Working Group on the Nutritional Status of the Population of the Committee on Medical Aspects of the Food Nutrition Policy.” Reports on Health and Social Subjects 49 (1998): iii–xvii, 1–24.

  12.Katz, David. “Vitamin D and Calcium: Is the IOM Right to Recommend We Get Less?” Huffington Post. May 25, 2011. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/vitamind--andcalcium-shouldwe--becautious_b_789842.

  13.Feskanich, Diane, et al. “Milk Consumption During Teenage Years and Risk of Hip Fractures in Older Adults.” JAMA Pediatrics 168, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 54. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3821.

  14.“Calcium.” The Nutrition Source, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University. n.d. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/calcium-full-story/.

  15.Weaver, C. M., et al. “The National Osteoporosis Foundation’s Position Statement on Peak Bone Mass Development and Lifestyle Factors: A Systematic Review and Implementation Recommendations.” Osteoporosis International 27, no. 4 (April 2016): 1281–1386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3440-3.

  16.Feskanich, Diane, et al. “Milk Consumption During Teenage Years and Risk of Hip Fractures in Older Adults.”

  17.Palacios, Cristina. “The Role of Nutrients in Bone Health, from A to Z.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 46, no. 8 (December 2006): 621–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390500466174.

  18.Ismail, Adel A. A., and Nour A. Ismail. “Magnesium: A Mineral Essential for Health Yet Generally Underestimated or Even Ignored.” Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences 6, no. 4 (2016). https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000523.

  19.Rosanoff, Andrea, et al. “Suboptimal Magnesium Status in the United States: Are the Health Consequences Underestimated?” Nutrition Reviews 70, no. 3 (March 2012): 153–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00465.x.

  20.Abrams, Steven A., et al. “Magnesium Metabolism in 4-Year-Old to 8-Year-Old Children.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 29, no. 1 (January 2014): 118–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2021.

  21.Feskanich, Diane, et al. “Milk Consumption During Teenage Years and Risk of Hip Fractures in Older Adults.”

  22.Winzenberg, Tania M, et al. “Calcium Supplementation for Improving Bone Mineral Density in Children.” Edited by Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, April 19, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005119.pub2.

  23.Merrilees, M. J., et al. “Effects of Dairy Food Supplements on Bone Mineral Density in Teenage Girls.” European Journal of Nutrition 39, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 256–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003940070004.

  24.Lee, W. T. K., et al. “A Follow-up Study on the Effects of Calcium-Supplement Withdrawal and Puberty on Bone Acquisition of Children.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/64.1.71.

  25.Lee, W. T. K., et al. “Bone Mineral Acquisition in Low Calcium Intake Children Following the Withdrawal of Calcium Supplement.” Acta Paediatrica 86, no. 6 (June 1997): 570–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08936.x.

  26.Slemenda, Charles W., et al. “Reduced Rates of Skeletal Remodeling Are Associated with Increased Bone Mineral Density During the Development of Peak Skeletal Mass.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 12, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 676–82. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.4.676.

  27.Abrams, Steven A., et al. “
Magnesium Metabolism in 4-Year-Old to 8-Year-Old Children.”

  28.Abrams, Steven A, et al. “Pubertal Girls Only Partially Adapt to Low Dietary Calcium Intakes.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 19, no. 5 (January 19, 2004): 759–63. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.040122.

  29.Feskanich, Diane, et al. “Milk Consumption During Teenage Years and Risk of Hip Fractures in Older Adults.”

  30.Weaver, C. M., et al. “The National Osteoporosis Foundation’s Position Statement on Peak Bone Mass Development and Lifestyle Factors: A Systematic Review and Implementation Recommendations.” Osteoporosis International 27, no. 4 (April 2016): 1281–1386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3440-3.

  31.Weaver, C. M., et al. “The National Osteoporosis Foundation’s Position Statement on Peak Bone Mass Development and Lifestyle Factors.”

  32.Dr. Oski was the Chairman of Pediatrics at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, one of the premier pediatric hospitals in the country. He also wrote many of the textbooks used to train pediatricians around the globe.

  33.Novembre, E., and A. Vierucci. “Milk Allergy/Intolerance and Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy and Childhood.” Allergy 56 Suppl. 67 (2001): 105–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2001.00931.x.

  34.Sloper, K. S., et al. “Children with Atopic Eczema. I: Clinical Response to Food Elimination and Subsequent Double-Blind Food Challenge.” QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 80, no. 2 (August 1991): 677–693, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a068619.

  35.Ress, Krista, et al. “Celiac Disease in Children with Atopic Dermatitis.” Pediatric Dermatology 31, no. 4 (July 2014): 483–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.12372.

  36.Leyden, James J., et al. “Staphylococcus Aureus in the Lesions of Atopic Dermatitis.” British Journal of Dermatology 90, no. 5 (May 1974): 525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06447.x.

  37.Nsouli, T. M., et al. “Role of Food Allergy in Serous Otitis Media.” Annals of Allergy 73, no. 3 (September 1994): 215–19.

  38.Iacono, Giuseppe, et al. “Intolerance of Cow’s Milk and Chronic Constipation in Children.” New England Journal of Medicine 339, no. 16 (October 15, 1998): 1100–1104. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199810153391602.

  39.Murray, M. G., et al. “Milk-Induced Wheezing in Children with Asthma.” Allergologia et Immunopathologia 41, no. 5 (September 2013): 310–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2012.07.002.

  40.Yusoff, Noor Aini Mohd, et al. “The Effects of Exclusion of Dietary Egg and Milk in the Management of Asthmatic Children: A Pilot Study.” Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 124, no. 2 (March 2004): 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/146642400412400211.

  41.Høst, A., and S. Halken. “The Role of Allergy in Childhood Asthma.” Allergy 55, no. 7 (July 2000): 600–608. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00122.x.

  42.Murray, M. G., et al. “Milk-Induced Wheezing in Children with Asthma.” Allergologia et Immunopathologia 41, no. 5 (September 2013): 310–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2012.07.002.

  43.Iacono, G., et al. “Gastroesophageal Reflux and Cow’s Milk Allergy in Infants: A Prospective Study.” J of Allergy and Clin Immunol 97, no. 3 (1996): 822–827. Accessed February 16, 2016. doi: 10.1016/S0091-6749(96)80160-6.

  44.Farahmand, F., et al. “Cow’s Milk Allergy Among Children with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.” Gut Liver 5, no. 3 (September 2011): 298–301. Accessed February 16, 2016. doi:10.5009/gnl.2011.5.3.298.

  45.Jakobsson, I., and T. Lindberg. “Cow’s Milk Proteins Cause Infantile Colic in Breast-Fed Infants: A Double-Blind Crossover Study.” Pediatrics 71, no. 2 (February 1983): 268–71.

  46.Ziegler, Ekhard E. “Consumption of Cow’s Milk as a Cause of Iron Deficiency in Infants and Toddlers.” Nutrition Reviews 69 (November 2011): S37–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00431.x.

  CHAPTER 8

  1.“Children Eating More Fruit, but Fruit and Vegetable Intake Still Too Low.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. August 5, 2014. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0805-fruits-vegetables.html.

  2.“Children Eating More Fruit, but Fruit and Vegetable Intake Still Too Low.”

  3.Davis, Donald R., Melvin D. Epp, and Hugh D. Riordan. “Changes in USDA Food Composition Data for 43 Garden Crops, 1950 to 1999.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 23, no. 6 (December 2004): 669–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2004.10719409.

  4.“Food Consumption, 2020.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 5, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/visual-gallery/fast-food-consumption.htm?Sort=Title%3A%3Aasc.

  5.“Fast Food Consumption Among Adults in the United States, 2013–2016.” NCCHS Dta Brief no. 322. National Center for Health Statistics. October 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db322.htm#:~:text=In%202013%E2%80%932016%2C%2036.6%25,adults%20aged%2060%20and%20over.

  6.Research Findings #21: Health Care Expenses in the United States, 2000. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. April 2004. http://www.Meps.Ahrq.Gov/Data_files/Publications/Rf21/Rf21.Shtml.

  CHAPTER 10

  1.Kuiper, G. G., et al. “Interaction of Estrogenic Chemicals and Phytoestrogens with Estrogen Receptor.” Endocrinology 139 (1998): 4252–4263.

  2.Dickerson S.M., and Gore, A. C. “Estrogenic Environmental Endocrine-disrupting Chemical Effects on Reproductive Neuroendocrine Function and Dysfunction Across the Life Cycle.” Rev Endocr Metab Disord 8 (2007): 143–159.

  3.Cao, Y., et al. “Isoflavones in Urine, Saliva and Blood of Infants—Data From a Pilot Study on the Estrogenic Activity of Soy Formula.” J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 19 (2009): 223–234.

  4.Calafat, A. M., and Needham, L. L. “Human Exposures and Body Burdens of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals.” In Gore, A. C., ed. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: from basic research to clinical practice (Totowa, NJ: Humana Press: 2007): 253–268.

  SECTION II

  1.McDonald, Daniel, et al. “American Gut: An Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research.” Edited by Casey S. Greene. MSystems 3, no. 3 (May 15, 2018): e00031-18, /msystems/3/3/msys.00031-18.atom. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00031-18.

  2.Griffin, S. M., D. Alderson, and J. R. Farndon. “Acid Resistant Lipase as Replacement Therapy in Chronic Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency: A Study in Dogs.” Gut 30, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1012–15. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.30.7.1012.

  3.Lim, Stephen S., et al. “A Comparative Risk Assessment of Burden of Disease and Injury Attributable to 67 Risk Factors and Risk Factor Clusters in 21 Regions, 1990–2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.” The Lancet 380, no. 9859 (December 2012): 2224–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8.

  4.Stevens, L. J., et al. “Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism in Boys with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 761–68. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/62.4.761.

  5.Chang, Chia-Yu, et al. “Essential Fatty Acids and Human Brain.”

  6.Haag M., “Essential Fatty Acids and the Brain.”

  7.Shapiro, et al. “Emerging Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: Serotonin Transporter Genotype and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Status.” Can J Psychiatry 57, no. 11 (November 2012): 704–12.

  8.Forrest, Kimberly Y. Z., et al. “Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency in US Adults.” Nutrition Research 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2010.12.001.

  9.Sahota, O. “Understanding Vitamin D Deficiency.” Age and Ageing 43, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 589–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu104.

  10.Rosanoff, Andrea, et al. “Suboptimal Magnesium Status in the United States: Are the Health Consequences Underestimated?” Nutrition Reviews 70, no. 3 (March 2012): 153–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00465.x.

  11.Sandstead, H. H. “Understanding Zinc: Recent Observations and Interpretations.” The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 124, no. 3 (September 199
4): 322–27.

  12.Heyneman, Catherine A. “Zinc Deficiency and Taste Disorders.” Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30, no. 2 (February 1996): 186–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/106002809603000215.

  13.Black, M. M. “Zinc Deficiency and Child Development.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 464S-469S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/68.2.464S.

  14.Solomons, Noel W. “Mild Human Zinc Deficiency Produces an Imbalance Between Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immunity.” Nutrition Reviews 56, no. 1 (April 27, 2009): 27–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01656.x.

  15.Lazzerini, Marzia, and Humphrey Wanzira. “Oral Zinc for Treating Diarrhoea in Children.” Edited by Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, December 20, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005436.pub5.

  16.“PMNCH Knowledge Summary 18—Nutrition.” The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health. 2012 edition. Accessed at https://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2017/05/ks18.pdf.

  17.Infusino, Fabio, et al. “Diet Supplementation, Probiotics, and Nutraceuticals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review.” Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 1718. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061718.

  18.Filgueiras, M. S., et al. “Vitamin D Status, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 60, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 660–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1546671.

  APPENDIX

  1.Löfmark, et al, 2006. “Prolonged impact of a one-week course of clindamycin on Enterococcus spp. in human normal microbiota.” Infectious Diseases 41, no. 3 (2009): 215–219. doi: 10.1080/00365540802651897.

  2.Mcburney, W. T. “Perturbation of the enterobacterial microflora detected by molecular analysis.” Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 11, no. 3 (1999): 175–179. doi: 10.1080/089106099435763.