by Rory McVeigh
96. Brenden Nyhan, “Fake News and Bots May Be Worrisome, but Their Political Power Is Overblown,” New York Times, February 13, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/13/upshot/fake-news-and-bots-may-be-worrisome-but-their-political-power-is-overblown.html.
97. Nicholas Confessore and Danny Hakim, “Data Firm Says ‘Secret Sauce’ Aided Trump; Many Scoff,” New York Times, March 6, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/us/politics/cambridge-analytica.html.
98. Andrew Guess, Brenden Nyhan, and Jason Reifler, “Selective Exposure to Misinformation: Evidence from the Consumption of Fake News during the 2016 U.S. Presidential Campaign,” accessed May 9, 2018, https://www.dartmouth.edu/~nyhan/fake-news-2016.pdf.
99. Norman P. Lewis, “The Myth of Spiro Agnew’s ‘Nattering Nabobs of Negativism,’” American Journalism 27, no. 1 (2010): 95.
100. Nicole Hemmer, Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016).
101. Hemmer, Messengers of the Right, 113–15.
102. Hemmer, Messengers of the Right, 258.
103. Hemmer, Messengers of the Right, 259.
104. Hemmer, Messengers of the Right, 264.
105. Brian Stelter, “Rush Limbaugh Renews Contract,” CNN Money, August 2, 2016, http://money.cnn.com/2016/08/02/media/rush-limbaugh-renews-talk-radio-contract/index.html; A. J. Katz, “The Top Cable News Programs of 2017 Are …,” TVNewser (blog), December 29, 2017, http://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/the-top-cable-news-programs-of-2017/353441.
106. David Jackson, “Trump Again Calls Media ‘Enemy of The People,’” USA Today, February 24, 2017, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/24/donald-trump-cpac-media-enemy-of-the-people/98347970/.
107. Hannah Fingerhut, “Republicans Skeptical of Colleges’ Impact on U.S., but Most See Benefits for Workforce Preparation,” Pew Research Center, July 20, 2017, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/07/20/republicans-skeptical-of-colleges-impact-on-u-s-but-most-see-benefits-for-workforce-preparation/.
9. THE FUTURE OF WHITE NATIONALISM AND AMERICAN POLITICS
1. Verta Taylor, “Social Movement Continuity: The Women’s Movement in Abeyance,” American Sociological Review 54, no. 5 (1989): 761.
2. Nancy MacLean, Behind the Mask of Chivalry: The Making of the Second Ku Klux Klan (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 179.
3. “Louisiana Klansman Outlines the Aims, Purposes and Principles of His Order,” Imperial Night-Hawk, May 30, 1923, 7.
4. Rory McVeigh, The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan: Right-Wing Movements and National Politics (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009).
5. David Chalmers, Hooded Americanism: The History of the Ku Klux Klan, 3rd ed. (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1987), 202.
6. McVeigh, Rise of the Ku Klux Klan, 106–8.
7. Richard M. Valelly, Radicalism in the States: The Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party and the American Political Economy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), 46–48.
8. Carl Burgchardt, R. Robert M. La Follette, Sr: The Voice of Conscience (New York: Greenwood, 1992), 214.
9. “LA FOLLETTE SCORES THE KU KLUX KLAN,” New York Times, August 9, 1924, https://www.nytimes.com/1924/08/09/archives/la-follette-scores-the-ku-klux-klan-asserts-he-is-opposed-to-any.html.
10. Arnold S. Rice, The Ku Klux Klan in American Politics (Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press, 1962), 83.
11. V. O. Key, Southern Politics in State and Nation (New York: Vintage Books, 1949); Jill S. Quadagno, The Color of Welfare: How Racism Undermined the War on Poverty (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994); Stewart Emory Tolnay and Elwood M. Beck, A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882–1930 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995).
12. McVeigh, Rise of the Ku Klux Klan, 186.
13. Chalmers, Hooded Americanism, 213.
14. “Priests Call Candidates; Demand Anti-Klan Pledge,” Fiery Cross, October 24, 1924, 1.
15. “Calvin Coolidge,” History.com, accessed May 9, 2018, https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/calvin-coolidge.
16. Quoted in Chalmers, Hooded Americanism, 214.
17. “America For Americans—Coolidge,” Fiery Cross, December 14, 1923, 1.
18. “Mrs. Coolidge: A Congregationalist,” Imperial Night-Hawk, November 5, 1924, 3.
19. Chalmers, Hooded Americanism, 170, 178.
20. “Announcement,” Imperial Night-Hawk, October 8, 1924, 12.
21. “A Message from the Imperial Wizard,” Kourier, February 1925, 1.
22. “Keeping America American,” Kourier, February 1925, 12.
23. Chalmers, Hooded Americanism, 291.
24. “Progress of the Campaign,” Kourier, September 1928, 1–2.
25. Doug McAdam and Karina Kloos, Deeply Divided: Racial Politics and Social Movements in Post-War America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014).
26. Fred Block, “The Ruling Class Does Not Rule: Notes on the Marxist Theory of the State,” Socialist Revolution 33, no.7 (1977): 6–28; Donald R. Kinder and D. Roderick Kiewiet, “Economic Discontent and Political Behavior: The Role of Personal Grievances and Collective Economic Judgments in Congressional Voting,” American Journal of Political Science 23, no. 3 (1979): 495–527.
27. “The Parties on the Eve of the 2016 Election: Two Coalitions, Moving Further Apart,” Pew Research Center, September 13, 2016, http://www.people-press.org/2016/09/13/1-the-changing-composition-of-the-political-parties/.
28. Nadja Popovich, Livia Albeck-Ripka, and Kendra Pierre-Louis, “67 Environmental Rules on the Way Out under Trump,” New York Times, January 31, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/10/05/climate/trump-environment-rules-reversed.html.
29. “Estimated Deficits and Debt under the Chairman’s Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to H.R. 1, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act,” Congressional Budget Office, November 8, 2017, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/53297.
30. Donald J. Trump, Twitter, March 2, 2018, https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/969525362580484098?lang=en.
31. Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, accessed May 9, 2018, https://uselectionatlas.org.
32. William Bushong, “The Life and Presidency of Calvin Coolidge,” White House Historical Association, accessed May 9, 2018, https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-life-and-presidency-of-calvin-coolidge.
33. Oliver Hahl, Minjae Kim, and Ezra W. Zuckerman Sivan, “The Authentic Appeal of the Lying Demagogue: Proclaiming the Deeper Truth about Political Illegitimacy,” American Sociological Review 83, no. 1 (2018): 24.
34. Hahl, Kim, and Sivan, “Authentic Appeal of the Lying Demagogue,” 14.
35. Hahl, Kim, and Sivan, “Authentic Appeal of the Lying Demagogue,” 13.
36. Hahl, Kim, and Sivan, “Authentic Appeal of the Lying Demagogue,” 24.
37. For example, see Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America, 4th ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014); András Tilcsik, “Pride and Prejudice: Employment Discrimination Against Openly Gay Men in the United States,” American Journal of Sociology 117, no. 2 (2011): 586–626; Emir Ozeren, “Sexual Orientation Discrimination in the Workplace: A Systematic Review of Literature,” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 109 (2014): 1203–15; Elizabeth H. Gorman and Julie A. Kmec, “Hierarchical Rank and Women’s Organizational Mobility: Glass Ceilings in Corporate Law Firms,” American Journal of Sociology 114, no. 5 (2009): 1428–
74; Lindsey Joyce Chamberlain, Martha Crowley, Daniel Tope, and Randy Hodson, “Sexual Harassment in Organizational Context,” Work and Occupations 35, no. 3 (2008): 262–95.
38. Peter Blau, Inequality and Heterogeneity: A Primitive Theory of Social Structure, vol. 7 (New York: Free Press, 1977).
39. Susan Olzak, The Dynamics of Ethnic Competition and Conflict (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1992); Francois Nielsen, “Toward a Theory of Ethnic Solidarity in Modern Societies,” American Sociological Review 50, no. 2 (1985): 133–49.
40. David Gutman, “Trump Rallies in Charleston, Tells People Not to Vote,” Charleston Gazette-Mail, May 5, 2016.
41. Rory McVeigh and Juliana M. Sobolewski, “Red Counties, Blue Counties, and Occupational Segregation by Sex and Race,” American Journal of Sociology 113, no. 2 (2007): 446–506.
42. Edward N. Wolff, “Household Wealth Trends in the United States, 1962 to 2016: Has Middle Class Wealth Recovered?” (Working Paper 24085, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017), http://www.nber.org/papers/w24085.
43. McVeigh and Sobolewski, “Red Counties, Blue Counties.”
44. Douglas S. Massey and Nancy A. Denton, American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998).
45. Jeanne Theoharis, The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 70.
CONCLUSION: MAKING AMERICA WHITE AGAIN
1. Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, The Federalist Papers (1787; n.p.: Floating Press, 2011).
2. Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man: The Social Bases of Politic (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960); Robert Alan Dahl, Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1961).
3. Rory McVeigh, The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan: Right-Wing Movements and National Politics (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009).
4. “Remarks by President Trump on Infrastructure,” Whitehouse.gov, August 15, 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-infrastructure/.
5. “Hate Map,” Southern Poverty Law Center, accessed April 11, 2018, https://www.splcenter.org/hate-map.
6. For example, see Madison Grant, “The Passing of the Great Race,” Geographical Review 2, no. 5 (1916).
7. McVeigh, Rise of the Ku Klux Klan.
8. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America, 4th ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014), 4.
9. Howard Schuman, Charlotte Steeh, Lawrence Bobo, and Maria Krysan, Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations, rev. ed. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998); Devah Pager and Lincoln Quillian, “Walking the Talk? What Employers Say versus What They Do,” American Sociological Review 70, no. 3 (2005): 355–80.
10. W.E.B. Du Bois, “The Shape of Fear,” North American Review 831 (1926): 292.
11. Du Bois, “Shape of Fear,” 302.
APPENDIX: METHODS OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
1. “United States Presidential Election Results,” Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/.
2. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010–14, Detailed Tables, generated using Social Explorer, https://www.socialexplorer.com/explore/tables.
3. Clifford Grammich, Kirk Hadaway, Richard Houseal, Dale E. Jones, Alexei Krindatch, Richie Stanley, and Richard H. Taylor, 2010 U.S. Religion Census: Religious Congregations & Membership Study (Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies, 2012). The county-level dataset used in the analysis was downloaded at “U.S. Religion Census: Religious Congregations and Membership Study, 2010 (County File),” Association of Religious Data Archives, http://www.thearda.com/Archive/Files/Descriptions/RCMSCY10.asp.
4. “U.S. Religion Census: Religious Congregations and Membership Study, 2010 (County File),” Association of Religious Data Archives, http://www.thearda.com/Archive/Files/Descriptions/RCMSCY10.asp.
INDEX
Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Italicized page numbers refer to tables and illustrations
abortion: and Democratic Party, 165; and gender and family relations, 87; and public opinion, 167; and Republican Party, 114, 136, 168, 170, 210; Trump on, 115, 139, 171
Access Hollywood tape, 9, 160
Adios America (Coulter), 59
Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), 90, 168, 170, 211
African Blood Brotherhood, 184
age: and educational level, 231–32; and employment, 79, 82, 88, 232; and support for Trump, 106–7, 119, 137–38, 159, 232
Agnew, Spiro, 195
alliance formation and disruption: in Democratic Party, 38, 63, 86, 170–71, 204–5, 209–10, 216; and intraparty movements, 63–65; and Ku Klux Klan, 45–46, 51, 204–9; and party polarization, 59–61, 87–88; and privilege, 19, 61–63, 223–24; in Republican Party, 43, 83–84, 86, 123–24, 141, 169–71, 204–5, 209–10, 216; and Trump, 11–12, 56, 83, 97, 119–24, 212, 221–24
alt-right and extreme right groups, 14, 16, 43, 156, 161, 194–95, 224–25, 225
American Community Survey (U.S. Census Bureau), 231
American Independent Party, 84
Americanism, 4–8, 31, 76, 177
American Protective Association, 147
Apprentice, The (TV), 193
Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies, 232–33
Atlantic, 162–63
Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections (website), 230
Atwater, Lee, 85
Authentic Appeal of the Lying Demagogue, The (Hahl et al.), 214–16
Autor, David, 114
Bannon, Steve, 9, 194
Beck, Glenn, 194, 197
birther movement, 8
Birth of a Nation, The (1915), 27–28
Black Codes, 22
Blee, Kathleen, 5, 74, 130
Blocker, Jack, Jr., 154
border wall, 212
Bossert, Walter, 32
bots, 195
brain drain, 81
Breitbart News, 9, 194–95
Brookings Institution, 169
Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 39
Buchanan, Pat, 16, 52
Bush, George W., 88, 136, 165, 168, 218
Bush, Jeb, 16
busing for school integration, 84
Cambridge Analytica, 195
Campbell, Angus, 59–60
Carter, Jimmy, 42
Catholics: and immigration, 7–8; and Know-Nothing Party, 143–44; and Ku Klux Klan (1920s), 5, 12–13, 29, 46, 74–76, 131, 144–45, 147–52, 183–84; parochial schools, 12–13, 35, 52, 146, 148–52, 154; and Republican Party, 86; support for Trump, 145
Center on Education and the Workforce (Georgetown University), 82–83
Central Park Five, 155–56
Chalmers, David, 22–23, 177, 180
Charlottesville rallies (2017), 224, 225
Chaudhary, Nita, 160
Christianity Today, 166
Citizens’ Councils, 39
Citizen Times (Asheville, North Carolina), 104
Civil Rights Act (1964), 42
civil rights movement (1960s), 3, 40–43, 57, 83–84, 125–26, 143
Civil War, 20, 125
Clansman, The (Dixon), 27
Claremont Institute, 140
Clarke, Edward Young, 4, 28–30, 176–77, 182, 222
Clinton, Bill, 42
Clinton, Hillary, 13–15, 102, 120, 140, 160–61, 221
coalitions. See alliance formation and disruption
coal mining, 79–8
0
Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 116–17
COINTEL (counterintelligence program), 41
Compromise of 1877, 25
Compulsory Education Law (Oregon), 12–13, 35, 146, 148–52, 154
contraception, 114, 168
Coolidge, Calvin: and economy, 68, 207, 213; and immigration, 37, 213; and Ku Klux Klan (1920s), 17, 37, 46, 97, 205–6, 210–14
Coughlan, Robert, 1–3
Coulter, Ann, 59
Cox, James, 34
crisis creation: by Ku Klux Klan (1920s), 150–52, 155; by Trump, 50, 155–60
Crowe, James, 21
Crusader, The (Ku Klux Klan [1960s]), 138
Cruz, Ted, 103, 166
culture and culture wars: and Ku Klux Klan (1920s), 67–68, 73–76, 92, 183–89; and Trump, 8, 15–16, 92, 138, 147, 168, 195–200. See also social status and cultural loss
DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals), 211–12
Daniel, Watt, 179
Davis, John W., 36–37, 46, 97, 204–5
Dawes, Charles G., 205
Dawn (KKK), 187
Democratic Party: and abortion, 165; economic policies of, 89, 131–32, 170; and Ku Klux Klan (1920s), 34–37, 36, 46–47, 203–9, 226–27; and LGBTQ rights, 92, 165, 171; and minority voters, 135; and party polarization, 87–88; and Religious Right, 165–66; and social class, 37–38, 63, 92, 170–71, 204, 209; in South, 42–43, 46, 204; and Trump victory, 216
deplorables, basket of, comment, 14–15
Dixon, Thomas, 27
Dow Jones Index, 88
drain the swamp slogan, 48
Dreger, Herbert C., funeral, 6
dual economy, 77, 108–9. See also economy
Du Bois, W.E.B., 227
Duke, David, 8, 156
economy: and Civil War, 19–20, 49; dual economy, 77, 108; and educational level, 77, 81–83, 82, 95, 109, 121, 132, 231–34; and family structure, 113, 163; financial panic (1873), 25; fiscal crisis (2008), 88–90; globalization, 50, 76–83, 113, 121; Great Recession (2008), 49–50, 79–83, 82, 88–90, 95, 103–4, 126, 132, 231–32; markets of exchange, 57; in 1960s, 19, 49, 125–26; in 1920s, 5, 19, 33, 49, 67–76, 71–72, 78, 127–28; and race, 233–34; regulation of industry, 80, 132, 141, 212, 218