The Anarchism

by Anna Georgieva

  ↑ Brief summary of the history of the CGT

  ↑ https://vimeo.com/27148535

  ↑ Takes Photopoulos in Towards an inclusive democracy , which posits that a true democracy now could only be derived from a synthesis of two major historical traditions, democratic and socialist, together with the radical environmentalism feminism and libertarianism.

  ↑ "very committed Libertarian, García Calvo subjected to political power ruthlessly devoid of analysis (cf. What is the state? , 1977). sees in him a terrible instrument of oppression "Alan Guy, History of Spanish Philosophy , p.500

  ↑ Teresita Mauro. Anarchism in the novels of Baroja

  ↑ The anarchist socialism Azorin

  ↑ Ramón María del Valle-Inclan

  ↑ The Spanish anarchism and the end of the century

  ↑ Carles Fontserè

  ↑ Anarchism in Spain and particularly in Barcelona . Manuel Mestre Gil

  ↑ Culture Anarchist Catalonia . Ferran Aisa. Ed 1984.Barcelona, 2003

  ↑ The political thought of Hildegart Rodríguez: between socialism and revolution

  ↑ Solidaridad Obrera, and anarchist journalism root .Francisco Madrid. Ed Solidaridad Obrera, Badalona 2007

  ↑ The anarchist film production in the Spanish Revolution

  ↑ Joan Zambrana, The libertarian alternative. Catalunya 1976-1979. Fet a mà, 1999

  ↑ The rojinegro thread confederal press (1932-2012). 80th anniversary of the newspaper CNT, Anselmo Lorenzo Foundation

  Related readings

  Between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the riots happened and proliferated conducting bombings: the September 24, 1893 an anarchist attempted in Barcelona against General Martinez Campos, who was injured while dying a guard civil. The attacker, Paulino Pallas, was shot, done that involved the retaliation of another anarchist Santiago Salvador Franch, the November 7, 1893 threw a bomb inside the Teatro del Liceo, causing 20 deaths. Also in Barcelona, on 7 June 1896, Thomas Ascheri anarchist exploded a bomb at the procession of Corpus, with a score of six dead. Another series of attacks in the years leading back to a harsh government repression, killings, mass imprisonment and exile to England, which weakened the anarchist movement in Spain a few years, to the founding in 1900 of the Federation of the Spanish Region . The Federation became extinct as a body in 1905 or 1906, but the different sections or unions, which persisted despite the lack of organization, began to federate again in Catalonia around Solidaridad Obrera.

  There were two separate attacks in 1905 and 1906 against the king, the second attack by Mateo Morral day wedding Alfonso XIII and Victoria Eugenia Calle Mayor in Madrid, a result of which thirty people died. The attacks were the result of a vast conspiracy and executed by anarchists, but Republicans apparently were informed in advance, as also found pregnant pedagogue Francisco Ferrer Guardia, whose school was librarian Morral, overlooking a revolutionary attempt if possible regicides had succeeded.

  In 1909, the mobilization of reservists for war in Morocco provoked popular tumults, which worsened with the news about the heavy casualties in the conflict. In Barcelona, Solidaridad Obrera convened a 24-hour strike on Monday, July 26, one week before the date agreed in Madrid, which degenerated into a general insurrection which is known as the Tragic Week of 1909. During the ensuing crackdown, accused of being the instigator of the revolt, Francisco Ferrer Guardia (which had no relation to the facts) was executed in the prison of Montjuïc. This performance is part of the collective imagination of anarchists, anarchist and multiple action groups worldwide was a spur, generating an effervescence of plots dedicated to avenge his death. Ferrer's death had a strong impact and resulted from his arrest at a large international protest campaign.

  In autumn 1910 the National Confederation of Labour (CNT) was established His public life was short because days after the arrests were made, but unions and sections began again the reconstitution process, first in Catalonia in 1913-1914 and nationally in 1915 and in Ferrol. By 1931, after a difficult path full of struggle and martyrs, general strikes and persecution, underground and public life, the number of members of the CNT was around a million members.

  France

  Index

  1 From the Second Republic to the Jura Federation

  2 Anarchists in the Paris Commune

  3 The propaganda of the deed

  4 British exile

  In May 1,895-1,914

  5.1 The French individualist anarchism

  5.2 Lawlessness

  6 The interwar period

  7 During the Republic of Vichy

  8 The Fourth Republic (1945-1958)

  9 The Fifth Republic (1958-1968)

  10 May 1968 The French

  11 From 1969 to the present

  11.1 1969

  11.2 1970

  11.3 1971

  11.4 1972

  11.5 1974

  11.6 1976

  11.7 1977

  11.8 1978

  11.9 1979

  11.10 1980

  11.11 1981

  11.12 1983

  11.13 1984

  11.14 1985

  11.15 1986

  11.16 1987

  11.17 1989

  11.18 1990

  11.19 1991

  11.20 1993

  11.21 1996

  11.22 1997

  11.23 1998

  11.24 2000

  11.25 2001

  11.26 2003

  11.27 2004

  11.28 2006

  12 Offer

  13 Notes

  14 Bibliography

  15 prominent French Anarchists

  In the Second Republic to the Jura Federation

  The anarchist movements made their appearance during the French Revolution, Sylvain Maréchal, in his Manifesto of the same (1796), claimed "the communal enjoyment of the fruits of the earth" and move in the future towards the disappearance of "the revolting distinction between rich and poor, large and small, masters and servants, of governors and governed "

  The term "libertarian" derives from the French libertarian , anarchist communist coined by Joseph Déjacque, who left France after the coup of December 1851 and settled in the United States. There would found Le Libertaire , the first anarchist-communist newspaper in the country. Other anarchists Coeurderoy that period were Ernest, who was exiled after the demonstration on June 13, 1849, refusing to return to France after the amnesty of 1859. Bellegarrigue Anselme was the editor of one of the first anarchist newspaper, which was titled L'Anarchie, journal de l'ordre ( Anarchy, Journal of order ) during the Second French Republic in 1850.

  Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) was the first philosopher to call himself as an "anarchist".Proudhon opposed the government (and all forms of coercion) that protected the capitalists, bankers and landowners and rentiers, and favored the accumulation and acquisition of land, because as argued, hindered competition and maintaining wealth in the hands of a minority. Proudhon claimed the right of individuals to retain for itself the product of their work, considering all illegal property that exceeds the ability of an individual to work it, ie, it was only legitimate ownership of usufruct. Private property may be essential to human freedom, but also a path to tyranny as the first product of labor and individual effort, the second as a result of the exploitation of labor, the profit (surplus value), interest, or income taxes. Proudhon generally distinguished by calling the first "possession" and the second form as "property." For large-scale industries, creating Proudhon favored workers associations to replace wage and opposition to land work.

  Proudhon argued that workers should retain all the proceeds of their work and the monopoly of credit and land forces were opposed to this purpose. Advocated an economic system that included private property as possession and exchange in a market without profit or benefits, which he called mutualism. Proudhon's philosophy was rejected by Joseph Dejacque which claimed a primitive version of anarchist-communism, when in a letter stated that "it is not the product of the w
ork him or herself what the worker must terner law, but to the satisfaction of the needs of him or her, whatever its nature. "

  After the founding of the First International or International Workers Association (IWA) in London in 1864, Mikhail Bakunin made the first attempt to create a revolutionary anti-authoritarian organization, "Fraternité internationale révolutionnaire" known as the "Alliance." This was renewed in 1868, with the creation of the "Frères Internationaux" or also called the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy. "

  Bakunin and other Federalists were excluded by Karl Marx in the First International Congress of The Hague, 1872, and formed the Jura Federation, which met with other anti-authoritarians and Federalists in Congress in 1873 in Saint-Imier, which gave rise the Saint-Imier International (1872-1877).

  Piotr Kropotkin began to publish in French Le Revolte in Geneva in 1878. La Révolution Sociale was the first anarchist newspaper in France after the Commune published after 1880. The following year, anarchists gathered at the London Conference of 1881. Émile Pouget newspaper founded in 1878 Père Peinard and Zo d'Axa published EnDehors in 1891.

  Anarchists in the Paris Commune

  In 1870 Mikhail Bakunin led an uprising in the city of Lyon on the grounds that shortly after the Paris Commune would be based, calling for a general uprising in response to the collapse of the French government during the Franco-Prussian War, in order to transform a type imperialist conflict into a social revolution. In his Letters to a Frenchman , proposed an alliance between the working class and the peasantry, and a primitive formulation of methods of direct action.

  Louise Michel was an important anarchist who participated in the Paris Commune. She worked as a nurse first aider who were wounded on the barricades. During the Siege of Paris relentlessly harangued commoners in the resistance against the Prussian invaders. Once established the Commune, she joined the National Guard. Volunteered to assassinate Thiers and suggested the destruction of the city of Paris in retaliation for his surrender.

  In December 1871, she was taken to the sixth-martial on charges of offenses, attempting to overthrow the government, inciting armed rebellion and popular use of arms and military uniform. Defiantly vowed never to give up the Commune and challenged judges who dared to condemn to death for his actions. Michel told the court: "It seems that every heart that beats for freedom only entitled to a piece of lead, I demand my share If they let me live, I will never stop claiming revenge.."

  After the Paris Commune of 1871, the anarchist movement, as the entire labor movement, was beheaded and deeply concerned during the following years.

  The propaganda of the deed

  Some members of the anarchist movement rooted in Switzerland began to theorize about is known as propaganda by deed. After the attempted murder of Auguste Vaillant "Republicans Opportunistic" voted the first anti-terrorism law in 1893, which was immediately denounced as lois scélérates . These laws severely restrict freedom of expression. The first one condemned apology for any offense or crime like a crime in itself, permitting widespread censorship of the press. The second law allowed condemn any person directly or indirectly involved in any act of "propaganda by the deed", even though no deaths have occurred as a result of the act. The last one condemned any person or newspaper to undertake anarchist propaganda, and by extension libertarian socialists or former members of the AIT:

  . "Provocations 1 Whether or apology ... encouraged one or more persons to commit a robbery, murder, looting or fire ...,. 2 O that has addressed a provocation to the armed forces of the Army or Navy, intending to distract them from their military duties and obedience to their superiors ... will be taken to court and sentenced to prison terms of 3 months to 2 years.

  Thus freedom of speech accession to the propaganda of the deed and anti-militarism is severely restricted,. Some people were sentenced to prison in 1894 by rejoice in the death of French President Sadi Carnot assassinated by Italian anarchist Caserio. The term lois scélérates entered the popular language to designate any unfair or inflexible law, including anti-terrorist legislation also generally repressed social movements as a whole.

  The British exile

  The UK quickly became the last refuge for political refugees, in particular anarchists, who mostly disagreed with the small group that claimed the propaganda of the deed. Earlier, the First International was founded in London in 1871, where Karl Marx had retreated about 20 years ago. But in the 1890s the UK had become a hotbed of anarchist refugees from the mainland, especially between 1892 and 1895, he had reached the peak with the repressive Trial of the thirty, which took place in 1884. Louise Michel, called the "Red Virgin", Émile Pouget or Charles malate were the most famous of many anonymous anarchists, defectors or simple criminals who had fled France and other continental European countries. Many of these returned to France after the amnesty decreed by President Felix Faure in February 1895. A few hundred related peranecerían anarchist movement in the UK between 1880 and 1914 people, however.

  The right of asylum was a British tradition since the time of the Reformation in the sixteenth century. However, this tradition would gradually decline, and French immigrants would be viewed with increasing hostility. There were even some xenophobic campaigns in the press during the '90s, demanding restrictions on the entry of foreign radicals, especially French exiles.

  1895-1914

  The November 16, 1895 published its first issue the newspaper Le Libertaire , founded by Sébastien Faure, one of the pillars of the campaign for Alfred Dreyfus and Louise Michel. The trade union Confédération générale du travail (CGT), was created that same year, joining several "Job Listings" (inspired by Fernand Pelloutier) and unions and labor federations. Dominated by the anarchist-syndicalists, the CGT adopted the Charter of Amiens in 1906, a year after the unification of the other socialist tendencies in the French section of the Second International, led by Jean Jaurès and Jules Guesde.

  Only eight French thin attended the International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam in August 1907. According to historian Jean Maitron, the anarchist movement in France was divided into two trends: one rejected any form of organization (antiorganizacionists) and therefore opposed any idea of participating in an international conference, the other put their hopes in unionism and labor organization. Among all conference attendees Broutchoux Benoît, Pierre Monatte and René de Marmande were.

  There were some attempts at organization following the conference, but it had little lasting. In the industrial north, the anarchists of Lille, Armentieres, Denains, Lens, Roubaix and Tourcoing decided to convene a conference in December 1907, according the foundation of the newspaper Le Combat , whose editor group functioned as an informal committee of tacit federation. Another federation was created in the Seine and Seine-et-Oise in 1908 joined.

  Alliance Communiste Anarchiste: However, when approaching the legislative elections of 1910 a committee unparliamentary, that after the elections continued to act instead of being dissolved, and eventually became a permanent organization was established. This new organization was not composed of permanent members. He had several prominent activists who opposed this group, including Jean Grave, and was quickly replaced by the Fédération Communiste Anarchiste (Communist Anarchist Federation).

  This Anarchist Communist Federation was founde in June 1911 with 400 members of the Paris region. He soon took the name Fédération Communiste Anarchist-(Anarchist Communist Federation), Louis Lecoin being his secretary. In August 1913 it was replaced by the Fédération Communiste Révolutionnaire Anarchiste, led by Sébastien Faure.

  The range also included anarchist proponents of individualist anarchism. These agglutinated around publications like L'Anarchie and EnDehors . Major theorists were individualistic tendency Émile Armand and Han Ryner who were influential in the Iberian Peninsula. Other important individualists were Albert Libertad, André Lorulot, Victor Serge, Zo d'Axa and Rirette Maitrejean. Influenced by the doctrine of egoism of Max Stirner and the attacks of Clément Duval a
nd Marius Jacob, France was the birthplace of illegality, a controversial anarchist who openly defended crime.

  Relations between individualists and anrcocomunists were rather scarce in pre-war times. After the trial the Bonnot Band, FCA condemned the bourgeois capitalist individualism. Attributed to Kropotkin article in the British newspaper Freedom , stated that "theyng comrades witted usually attracted by the apparent logic of illegalists; marginal never feel comfortable with anarchist ideas and close their ears to any form propaganda. "

  After the murder of the socialist leader Jean Jaurès antimilitarista few days before the start of the First World War and the subsequent accession of the Second International and the labor movement to the war, there was even some anarchists who supported the government of the Union Sacrée). Jean Grave, Piotr Kropotkin and others published the Manifesto of the Sixteen , which support the Triple Entente against Germany. A number of clandestine libertaire was published on June 15, 1917.

  French individualist anarchism

  Index

  1 Overview

  2 Key personalities

  2.1 William Godwin

  2.2 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

  2.3 Max Stirner and selfishness

  3 The U.S. anarchist-individualism

  3.1 Origins

  3.2 Boston Anarchists

  3.3 The U.S. Stirnerite selfishness

  3.4 postleft Anarchy and American anarcoinsurrecionalism

  4 The European individualist anarchism

  4.1 Mutuality

  4.2 Anarconaturism

  4.3 Lawlessness and insurrectionalism

  4.4 France

  4.5 Italia

  4.6 Spain

  4.7 Germany

  4.8 Russia

  4.9 UK

  5 individualist anarchism in Latin America

  6 Reviews

  7 Related readings

  8 References

  9 Bibliography