By Sword and Fire
Page 39
Orderic Vitalis, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
and Harrying of the North, ref1
and Norman Conquest, ref1, ref2
orders of society, ref1
oriflamme, ref1
Orleans, Duke of, ref1, ref2
Orwell, George, ref1
Osnabrück, bishops of, ref1
Osriage, ref1
Oswald of Northumbria, ref1
Otto, bishop of Freising, ref1, ref2
outlawry, ref1
outlaws and highwaymen, ref1
oxen, ref1, ref2, ref3
Oxford, ref1, ref2
Oxfordshire, ref1
pagans, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Page, John, ref1
Pallig, ref1
Palma, ref1
Palmer, John, ref1
papacy, ref1, ref2, ref3
pardons, royal, ref1, ref2
Paris, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
siege of, ref1, ref2
Parliament, ref1
Paston Letters, ref1
Pavia, battle of, ref1
peace, ref1, ref2
Peace of God, ref1, ref2, ref3
peasants, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and Harrying of the North, ref1
levies, ref1
protection for, ref1, ref2
revolts by, ref1, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Peasants’ Revolt, ref1, ref1, ref2
Pennines, ref1
Percy, Sir Henry (‘Hotspur’), ref1
Percy, Thomas, Earl of Worcester, ref1
Percy family, ref1
Perman, Margaret, ref1
Perth, ref1, ref2
Peter II, King of Aragon, ref1
Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay, ref1, ref2
Peterborough, ref1
Petit-Andely, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Philip, bishop of Beauvais, ref1
Philip, Count of Flanders, ref1, ref2
Philip II Augustus, King of France, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
atrocities, ref1
and battle of Bouvines, ref1, ref2, ref3
and Henry II’s campaign, ref1
mocked by Bertrand de Born, ref1, ref2
and routiers, ref1
and siege of Acre, ref1, ref2
and siege of Château Gaillard, ref1, ref2
and siegecraft, ref1
Philip III, King of France, ref1
Philip IV the Fair, King of France, ref1, ref2, ref3
Philip VI, King of France, ref1, ref2
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, ref1, ref2, ref3
Philip of Commines, ref1
Philippa of Hainault, ref1
Philippidos, ref1
Picardy, ref1
pickpockets, ref1, ref2, ref3
Pierpont, Henry, ref1
pigs, ref1, ref2, ref3
pilgrims, ref1, ref2, ref3
pillory, ref1, ref2
Pipe Roll records, ref1
Pippin, King, ref1
plague, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Poitiers, ref1
battle of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Poland, ref1
police, ref1, ref2
political crimes, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Pontefract, ref1
population displacement, ref1
Portugal, ref1
Poyning family, ref1
pressing (peine forte et dure), ref1
Prestwich, Michael, ref1, ref2, ref3
primary-group cohesion, ref1
prisoners
escape of, ref1
increasing numbers, ref1
killing of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
killing decried, ref1
mutilation of, ref1
political, ref1
ransoming of, ref1, ref2
prisons, ref1, ref2, ref3
Provence, ref1
Prussia, ref1
Pseudo Elmham chronicle, ref1
punishments, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
for blasphemy, ref1
capital, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
communal, ref1
for infanticide, ref1
mitigation of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
and play, ref1
of sex crimes, ref1, ref2
for treason, ref1
purification, rites of, ref1
quarrels, ref1
rack, ref1
Rais, Gilles de, ref1
Ralph of Caen, ref1
Ralph of Coggeshall, ref1, ref2, ref3
Ranulf le Taburer, ref1
Raoul de Cambrai, ref1
rape, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Rare and Excellent History of Saladin, ref1
rats, ref1, ref2
ravaging, ref1, ref2
and chevauchées, ref1
under John, ref1
limitations of, ref1
and scorched earth defence, ref1
by Scots, ref1, ref2, ref3
under William I, ref1, ref2
ravens, ref1
Raymond III, Count of Tripoli, ref1, ref2
Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, ref1, ref2
Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Raymond le Gros (Raymond FitzWilliam), ref1
Raymond of Aguilers, ref1, ref2
Raymond of Pennaforte, ref1
rebellion, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Reconquista, ref1, ref2, ref3
Reformation, ref1, ref2
regicide, ref1
Reims, ref1, ref2
religion, in warfare, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Reynald of Châtillon, ref1, ref2, ref3
Richard I the Lionheart, King, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
and Acre massacre, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
and battles, ref1, ref2
and Château Gaillard, ref1
death, ref1, ref2, ref3
marriage, ref1
and ordinance of restraint, ref1
ransom of, ref1
ruthlessness, ref1
and Saladin, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and siege of Acre, ref1, ref2, ref3
and siege of Taillebourg, ref1, ref2
Richard II, King, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and ordinance of restraint, ref1, ref2
Richard III, King, ref1, ref2
Richard of Devizes, ref1, ref2
Richard of Hexham, ref1
Rigord, ref1, ref2
Ripon, ref1
robbery, ref1, ref2
Robert, bishop of Bath, ref1
Robert, Count of Artois, ref1
Robert of Avesbury, ref1
Robert of Flanders, ref1
Robert of Normandy, ref1
Robert of Torigny, ref1, ref2
Robert the Monk, ref1
Robert the Putrid, ref1
Rochester, ref1
siege of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Roger of Howden, ref1, ref2
Roger of Stuteville, ref1
Roger of Wendover, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
and fall of Lincoln, ref1, ref2
and John’s campaign, ref1, ref2, ref3
and siege of Château Gaillard, ref1, ref2
sucking pig tale, ref1, ref2
Rogers, Clifford, ref1, ref2
Roland, ref1, ref2
Roman empire, ref1, ref2, ref3
Roman law, ref1, ref2
Roman legions, ref1
Rome, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Roncevaux, ref1
rope torture, ref1
Rothard, Bishop, ref1
Rouen, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
siege of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
routiers, ref1
Roxburgh, ref1
Runciman, Steven, ref1
Russell, Frederick, ref1
Russia, ref1, ref2
Russians, ref1
Rwanda, ref1
sacrilege, ref1, ref2
sailors, ref1
St Agatha, ref1
St Albans, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
St Augustine, ref1
St Benedict, ref1
St Boniface, ref1
St Brice’s Day Massacre, ref1
St Crispin’s Day, ref1
St Ecgwin, ref1, ref2
St Edmund, ref1
St Ethelreda, ref1
St George, ref1
St Laurence, ref1
St Lo, ref1
St Louis, see Louis XI (St Louis), King of France
St Maurice, monastery of, ref1
St Paul, ref1
St Romain, ref1
St Sexburga, ref1
St Thomas Aquinas, ref1, ref2
St Thomas Becket, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
St Thomas Cantiloupe, ref1–ref2
Sainte Suzanne, siege of, ref1
Sainte-Pierre, Eustace de, ref1
saints, ref1, ref2
Saladin, ref1, ref2
and crossbowmen, ref1, ref2
and Hattin killings, ref1
and Richard the Lionheart, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and siege of Acre, ref1, ref2
Salians, ref1
Salzburg, archbishops of, ref1
Samatan, ref1
San Vincenzo al Volturno, ref1
Sandwich, battle of, ref1, ref2
Sarajevo, ref1, ref2
Satan, ref1
Savari de Mauléon, ref1
Savonarola, Girolamo, ref1
Saxons, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
scavenger’s daughter, ref1
Schwabenspiegel, ref1
Schwalenberg, ref1
Scotland, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
John’s incursion, ref1, ref2, ref3
Scots, ref1, ref2, ref3
cutting off women’s breasts, ref1, ref2
invasions of England, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
invasion of Ireland, ref1
Sea of Galilee, ref1
Second World War, ref1
Seine, river, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Seneca, ref1
Sephorie, ref1
Serbia, ref1, ref2
Serbian forces, ref1, ref2
serfdom, abolition of, ref1
servitude and culvertage, ref1
Shakespeare, William, ref1, ref2
Shiloh, battle of, ref1
ships, ref1
Shrewsbury, ref1
battle of, ref1
Shropshire, ref1, ref2
Sichar, ref1, ref2
Sicily, ref1, ref2, ref3
sieges, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
cannon in, ref1, ref2
conduct of, ref1
cruelty in, ref1
extent of, ref1, ref2, ref3
laws of siege warfare, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
motivations, ref1
Philip II’s siegecraft, ref1
siege machines, ref1
Siena, ref1
Simeon of Durham, ref1, ref2
single combats, ref1, ref2
Skobelev, General, ref1
Smail, R. C., ref1
sodomy, ref1, ref2
Somerset, Duke of, ref1
Somerset, ref1
Somme, river, ref1
Song of Dermot and the Earl, ref1
Song of Roland, ref1, ref2
Song of the Cathar Wars, ref1, ref2
sorties, ref1
Southampton, ref1, ref2
spahis (Muslim cavalry), ref1
Spain, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Reconquista, ref1, ref2, ref3
Spanish Civil War, ref1
squassation, ref1
Srebrenica, ref1, ref2
Stacey, Robert, ref1
Stafford, Earl of, ref1
Stafford family, ref1
Staffordshire, ref1, ref2
Stalin, Josef, ref1
Stamford Bridge, battle of, ref1
Standard, battle of the, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Stanford Prison Experiment, ref1
Stanley, Lord, ref1
Stanley, Sir John, ref1
starvation, see famine
Statute of Treason, ref1
Stephen, Count of Blois, ref1, ref2
Stephen, King, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5–ref6, ref7
Stevens, John, ref1
Stirling, ref1
stocks, ref1
Stoker, Bram, ref1
storming, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
strangling, ref1
Strayer, Joseph, ref1
stretching, ref1
Strickland, Matthew, xii, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Stringer, Keith, ref1
Strongbow (Richard FitzGilbert, Earl of Pembroke), ref1, ref2
Sturm, abbot of Fulda, ref1
Sudan, ref1
Sudbury, Archbishop, ref1
Sueno Stone, ref1
Suffolk, Earl of, ref1
Suffolk, ref1, ref2
Suger, Abbot, of St Denis, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
suicide, ref1
Summa Parisiensis, ref1
Summerson, Henry, ref1
Sumption, Jonathan, ref1
Suppe, Frederick, ref1
Surrey, ref1
suspension, ref1
Sussex, ref1
Sven, King of Denmark, ref1, ref2
Swansea, ref1
Swein, King of Denmark, ref1
Switzerland, ref1
swords, ref1, ref2
Tafurs, ref1
Tagliacozzo, battle of, ref1
Taillebourg, siege of, ref1, ref2
Talbot, John, ref1
Tarcel, Richard, ref1
Tattegrain, Francis, ref1
taxation, ref1, ref2, ref3
Taylor, John, ref1, ref2
Tees, river, ref1
Teutonic Knights, ref1
Tewkesbury, battle of, ref1
theft, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
thirst, ref1, ref2
Thomas of Eldersfield, ref1, ref2
Thoresby, Archbishop, of York, ref1
Thucydides, ref1
Thun l’Evêque, siege of, ref1
Thurbrand the Hold, ref1
Thuringia, ref1
Thurstan, Archbishop, of York, ref1
Tiberias, ref1, ref2
Tinchebray, battle of, ref1
Tirol, counts of ref1
tithings, ref1
Titus Livius, ref1, ref2
Tomesson, Elesius, ref1
tongs, red-hot, ref1
tonsures, ref1
torture, ref1, ref2, ref3
and Inquisition, ref1, ref2
in John’s campaign, ref1
popular attitudes to, ref1
Toulouse, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Touques, surrender of, ref1
Tournai, siege of, ref1, ref2
tournaments, ref1, ref2
tourniquets, ref1
Tours, ref1
Tower of London, ref1
towns, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Towton, battle of, ref1
Trancavel, Raymond-Roger, Viscount of Béziers, ref1
treason, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
and sack of Limoges, ref1
Treaty of Brétigny, ref1, ref2
Treaty of Lambeth, ref1
trebuchets, ref1
Trent, bishops of, ref1
Tripoli, ref1
troubadours, ref1
Truce of God, ref1
truces, ref1, ref2
Tuchman, Barbara, ref1
Tudebode, Peter, ref1
Tudor dynasty, ref1
Turcopoles, ref1
Turkish courts, ref1
Turks, ref1, ref2, ref3
Turma, ref1
Turner, Ralph, ref1
Tyler, Wat, ref1
tyrants, ref1
Tyre, ref1
Uhtred, Earl, ref1, ref2
universities, ref1
Urban II, Pope, ref1, ref2
urine, ref1
Usk, Adam, ref1
Vale, Malcolm, ref1, ref1
Vale of Belvoir, ref1
Valenciennes, ref1
Valois kings, ref1
vampirism, ref1
Vauvert, ref1
Vegetius, ref1, ref2
Vendôme, ref1
Venice, ref1
Vercingetorix, ref1
Verden, massacre, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; see also Mount Suntel
Vernon, ref1
Vietnam war, ref1
vigilante action, ref1
vigils and feast days, ref1
Vikings, ref1, ref2, ref3
atrocities, ref1
Villehardouin, ref1
violence
and anger, ref1
attitudes towards, ref1
criminal, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
debates on, ref1
domestic, ref1
and entertainment, ref1
and justice, ref1
and kingship, ref1
legitimate and illegitimate, ref1
and literature, ref1
prevalence of, ref1
random, ref1
rates of, ref1
visual, ref1
Virgin Mary, ref1, ref2
Visigoths, ref1
Vitry, ref1
Vlad III Dracul, Prince of Walachia, ref1, ref2–ref3
Walachia, ref1
Waldensians, ref1
Wales, ref1, ref2, ref3
and decapitation, ref1, ref2
Llewelyn’s uprising, ref1
Old English word for, ref1
Wallace, William, ref1
Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., ref1
Walsingham, Thomas, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Waltheof, Earl, ref1
war, ref1, ref2, ref3
civil, ref1
frontier, ref1, ref2, ref3
and increase in crime, ref1
just, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
laws of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
private, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
religious, ref1, ref2
restrictions on, ref1
total, ref1, ref2
types of, ref1
war correspondents, ref1
Wark, siege of, ref1, ref2, ref3
Warkworth’s Chronicle, ref1
Warren, W. L., ref1
Wars of the Roses, ref1, ref2, ref3
Warwickshire, ref1
‘Warwolf’, ref1
water, ref1
ordeal by, ref1, ref2
torture, ref1
Waterford, massacre, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; see also Baginbun
Waterloo, battle of, ref1
Waurin, Jean, ref1
Weardale, ref1
Weinberg, Steven, ref1
Wellington, Duke of, ref1, ref2
Welsh, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
and decapitation, ref1, ref2
Westminster, ref1
Westmoreland, ref1
whales, ref1
wheel, breaking on, ref1, ref2
whipping, ref1, ref2, ref3
Wibald, abbot of Corvey, ref1
Widekind, Count of Schwalenberg, ref1
Widukind, ref1
wife-beating, ref1