Liberation of Paris : How Eisenhower, De Gaulle, and Von Choltitz Saved the City of Light (9781501164941)
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13 Martin Blumenson, ed., The Patton Papers II (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974), 521.
14 Adrien Dansette, Histoire de la Libération de Paris (Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard, 1958), 178.
15 Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 110.
16 Dansette, Histoire de la Libération de Paris, 195.
17 Nordling, Sauver Paris, 115.
18 Henri Michel, La Liberation de Paris (Brussels: Éditions Complexe, 1980), 59.
19 Philippe Ragueneau and Eddy Florentin, eds. Paris Libéré: Ils Étaient Là! (Paris: France-Empire, 1994), 125.
20 Hansen, Disobeying Hitler, 95.
21 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 164.
22 Ibid., 165.
23 Gilles Perrault and Pierre Azéma, Paris Under the Occupation (Paris: Vendôme, 1987), 52.
24 Robert Monod, Les Heures Décisives de la Libération de Paris (Paris: Editions Gilbert, 1947), 43.
25 Harold C. Lyon, “Operations of T-Force,” Unit History 02-12-1949, U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
26 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 182–183.
27 Danette, Historie de la Libération de Paris, 312. Also see “Le Récit de Gallois” in Philippe Ragueneau and Eddy Florentin, Paris Libéré, 218–219.
28 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 183.
29 Neiberg, The Blood of Free Men, 184.
CHAPTER SIX—EISENHOWER CHANGES PLANS
The epigraph is a statement Eisenhower made to Bradley after receiving a letter from de Gaulle stressing the importance of liberating Paris. Quoted in Antony Beevor, D-Day: The Battle for Normandy (London: Viking, 2008), 494.
1 Rosalind Massow, “Ike and Mamie Talk About 50 Years of Marriage,” Parade, June 26, 1966.
2 Ernest Hemingway, “Living on $1000 a Year in Paris,” Dateline Toronto: The Complete Toronto Star Dispatches, 1924–1928, William White, ed. (New York: Scribner’s, 1985), 88.
3 Mamie Eisenhower interview with John Wickman, Eisenhower Library; Jean Edward Smith, Eisenhower in War and Peace (New York: Random House, 2012), 60–76; Stephen Ambrose, Eisenhower (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), 75.
4 SHAEF Planning Staff, Post-NEPTUNE, Courses of Action After Capture of Lodgment Area, Sec. II, Method of Conducting the Campaign, 30 May, SGS SHAEF File 381, Post-OVERLORD Ping.
5 David Eisenhower, Eisenhower at War, 1943–1945 (New York: Random House, 1986), 416.
6 De Gaulle to Eisenhower, August 21, 1944, Eisenhower Library.
7 Eisenhower to Combined Chiefs of Staff, August 22, 1944, The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower: The War Years IV (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1970), 2087–2089.
8 Omar N. Bradley and Clay Blair, A General’s Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), 308–309.
9 Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 185–186.
10 Antony Beevor, D-Day: The Battle for Normandy (London: Viking, 2008), 494.
11 Michael Neiberg, The Blood of Free Men: The Liberation of Paris, 1944 (New York: Basic Books, 2012), 188.
12 Eisenhower, The War Years IV, 2089.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid., 191.
15 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 198.
16 Ibid., 198–199.
17 Ibid., 197.
18 Ibid., 215.
CHAPTER SEVEN—LECLERC MOVES OUT
The epigraph is a statement General Leclerc made to his G-3 operations officer after returning to his headquarters from a meeting with General Bradley on August 22, 1944. Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 261.
1 Letter, Leclerc to Patton, August 14, 1944, on XV Corps C/S Journal and File, Center of Military History, Washington, DC.
2 Martin Blumenson, ed., The Patton Papers, 1940–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974), 511.
3 Martin Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1960), 600.
4 Adrien Dansette, Histoire de la Libération de Paris (Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard, 1958), 313.
5 Gerow to Leclerc, August 22, 1944, ibid., 314.
6 Rick Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light (New York: Henry Holt, 2013), 171–172.
7 Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 203.
8 Ibid., 206.
9 Nelson Douglas Lankford, ed. OSS Against the Reich: The World War II Diaries of Colonel David K. E. Bruce (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1993), 167–168.
10 Charles de Gaulle, Unity: 1942–1944 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1959), 643.
11 Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light, 172.
12 De Gaulle, Unity, 644.
13 Matthew Cobb, Eleven Days in August (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013), 246.
14 Lankford, Diaries of David K. E. Bruce, 168–169.
15 Randall Hansen, Disobeying Hitler: German Resistance After Valkyrie (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 110.
16 Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit, 614.
17 Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light, 172.
18 Omar N. Bradley, A Soldier’s Story (New York: Henry Holt, 1951), 392.
19 William Mortimer Moore, Free France’s Lion: The Life of Philippe Leclerc, de Gaulle’s Greatest General (Philadelphia: Casemate, 2011), 298.
20 Ibid.
21 Raymond Dronne, La Libération de Paris (Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1970), 280–281.
22 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 265.
23 Ibid.
24 Moore, Free France’s Lion, 300.
25 Yvonne Féron, Deliverance de Paris, 42–43 (Paris: Hachette, 1945).
26 Pierre Crénesse, La Libération des Ondes (Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1944), 29–30.
27 Ibid., 33–34.
28 Dronne, La Libération de Paris, 285.
29 Jean-Christophe Notin, Leclerc (Paris: Perin, 2005), 269.
CHAPTER EIGHT—A FIELD OF RUINS
The epigraph is from Hitler’s message to General Dietrich von Choltitz, August 23, 1944, in von Choltitz, Brennt Paris? Adolph Hitler (Frankfurt/Main: R. G. Fischer Verlag, 2014), 3.
1 Dietrich von Choltitz, Brennt Paris? Adolph Hitler (Frankfurt/Main: R. G. Fischer Verlag, 2014), 3.
2 Ibid., 72.
3 Matthew Cobb, Eleven Days in August (London: Simon & Schuster, 2013), 233.
4 Dietrich von Choltitz, Soldat Unter Soldaten (Konstance: Europa Verlag, 1951), 256–257.
5 von Choltitz, Brennt Paris? Adolph Hitler, 74.
6 von Choltitz, Soldat Unter Soldaten, 262.
7 Ibid.
8 von Choltitz, Brennt Paris? Adolph Hitler, 56–57.
9 Randall Hansen, Disobeying Hitler: German Resistance After Valkyrie (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 103–105.
10 Ibid., 82–83.
11 Ibid., 84.
12 Willis Thornton, The Liberation of Paris (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962), 171–172.
13 Cobb, Eleven Days in August, 234.
14 Ferdinand Dupuy, La Libération de Paris vue d’un commissariat de police (Paris: Librairies-Imprimeries reunies, 1945), 33–34.
15 De Saint-Pierre (pseudonym for Odette Lainville), Des ténèbres à l’aube: journal d’une Française, Paris, 10 août–10 septembre 1944 (Paris: Arthaud, 1945), 84.
16 L’Humanité, August 23, 1944.
17 Hansen, Disobeying Hitler, 106.
18 Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 230–231.
19 Ibid., 232.
20 Adrien Dansette, Histoire de la Libération de Paris (Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard, 1958), 260–261.
21 von Choltitz, Brennt Paris? Adolph Hitler, 45–46.
22 Ibid., 86.
23 Ibid., 88.
24 Ibid., 75.
25 Cobb, Eleven Days in August, 508–509.
26 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris
Burning?, 295–296.
27 Hansen, Disobeying Hitler, 112–113.
28 von Choltitz, Brennt Paris? Adolph Hitler, 86.
29 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 268–269.
30 von Choltitz, Brennt Paris? Adolph Hitler, 88.
31 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 272.
CHAPTER NINE—DAY OF LIBERATION
The epigraph is from a newspaper article written by Ernie Pyle, August 25, 1944. David Nichols, ed., Ernie’s War: The Best of Ernie Pyle’s World War II Dispatches (New York: Touchstone, 1986), 351–352.
1 Randall Hansen, Disobeying Hitler: German Resistance After Valkyrie (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 115.
2 Klaus-Jürgen Müller, “Die Befreiung von Paris und die deutsche Führung an der Westfront,” in Michael Salewski and Guntram Schulze-Wegener, Kriegsjahr 1944 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1995), 55.
3 Michael Neiberg, The Blood of Free Men: The Liberation of Paris, 1944 (New York: Basic Books, 2012), 223.
4 Ibid.
5 Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 298.
6 Ibid., 300.
7 Ibid., 301.
8 Ibid., 304.
9 Ibid., 308.
10 Dietrich von Choltitz, Brennt Paris? Adolph Hitler (Frankfurt/Main: R. D. Fischer Verlag, 2014), 91.
11 Ibid., 91.
12 Ibid., 92.
13 Ibid., 92–93.
14 Ibid., 93.
15 Quoted in Robert Aron, France Reborn: The History of the Liberation (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1964), 291.
16 von Choltitz, Brennt Paris? Adolph Hitler, 95.
17 Ibid., 96.
18 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 330.
19 William Mortimer Moore, Free France’s Lion: The Life of Philippe Leclerc, De Gaulle’s Greatest General (Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2011), 320.
20 Rick Atkinson, The Guns at Last Light (New York: Henry Holt, 2013), 179; Nelson D. Lankford, ed. OSS Against the Reich: The World War II Diaries of David K. E. Bruce (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1991), 174; Martin Blumenson, Liberation (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life, 1978), 156.
21 Charles de Gaulle, Unity (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1959), 646.
22 Ibid., 346–347.
23 Moore, Free France’s Lion, 311.
24 De Gaulle, Unity, 647.
25 Moore, Free France’s Lion, 311.
26 De Gaulle, Unity, 647–648.
27 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 333.
28 De Gaulle, Unity, 649.
29 Ibid.
30 The text of de Gaulle’s speech is in Neiberg, The Blood of Free Men, 237–238.
31 De Gaulle, Unity, 650.
32 Ibid.
33 Jean Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, 1890–1944 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990), 575.
34 Moore, Free France’s Lion, 314.
35 Matthew Cobb, Eleven Days in August (London: Simon & Schuster, 2013), 312.
36 Matthew Cobb, The Resistance: The French Fight Against the Nazis (London: Pocket Books, 2009), 269.
37 David Nichols, ed., Ernie’s War: The Best of Ernie Pyle’s World War II Dispatches (New York: Touchstone, 1986), 353.
38 Albert Camus, Actuelles Chroniques, 1944–1948 (Paris: Gallimard, 1950), 22.
CHAPTER TEN—DE GAULLE TRIUMPHANT
The epigraph is a statement by Eisenhower after meeting with de Gaulle in Paris on August 27, 1944. Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 354.
1 L’Humanite, August 26, 1944.
2 Charles de Gaulle, Unity (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1964), 651–652.
3 Gerow to Leclerc, Orders, August 26, 1944, reprinted in Martin Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1960), 620.
4 Adrien Dansette, Histoire de la Libération de Paris (Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard, 1958), 403.
5 De Gaulle, Unity, 652.
6 Simone de Beauvoir, La Force des choses (Paris: Gallimard, 1963), 612.
7 De Gaulle, Unity, 654.
8 Pascale Moisson, Anecdotes… sous la Botte (Paris: L’Hamattan, 1998), 128.
9 De Gaulle, Unity, 657.
10 Graham Robb, Parisians: An Adventure History of Paris (New York: W. W. Norton, 2010), 319.
11 Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 352.
12 William Mortimer Moore, Free France’s Lion (Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2011), 318.
13 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 352.
14 De Gaulle, Unity, 658.
15 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 354.
16 De Gaulle to Eisenhower, August 26, 1944, Eisenhower Presidential Library.
17 Kay Summersby, Eisenhower Was My Boss (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1948), 175.
18 David Eisenhower, Eisenhower at War, 1943–1945 (New York: Random House, 1986), 427.
19 Kay Summersby, Past Forgetting: My Love Affair with Dwight D. Eisenhower (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1975), 211.
20 Omar N. Bradley, A Soldier’s Story (New York: Henry Holt, 1951), 394.
21 Summersby, Past Forgetting, 211.
22 Merle Miller, Ike the Soldier (New York: G.P. Putnam, 1987), 682.
23 Summersby, Past Forgetting, 212.
24 Miller, Ike the Soldier, 682.
25 Summersby, Eisenhower Was My Boss, 176.
26 Eisenhower interview with David Schoenbrun, August 25, 1964, Eisenhower Presidential Library.
27 Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (New York: Doubleday, 1948), 298.
28 De Gaulle, Unity, 662.
29 Ibid.
30 Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, 354.
31 Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit, 625.
32 Eisenhower to Marshall, August 31, 1944, The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower: The War Years IV (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1970), 2108.
33 Bradley, A Soldier’s Story, 396.
34 Summersby, Eisenhower Was My Boss, 178.
35 De Gaulle, Unity, 660.
36 Montgomery to Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, August 18, 1944, in Nigel Hamilton, Master of the Battlefield: Monty’s War Years (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1983), 798. Brooke, who held a position similar to George Marshall, replied the next day: “I completely agree.” Ibid., 799.
37 John Russell Young, Around the World with General Grant I (New York: American News Company, 1879), 416–417.
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