Individualism and the Western Liberal Tradition

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Individualism and the Western Liberal Tradition Page 48

by Kevin MacDonald

[768] Ibid., 131.

  [769] Mary Gwladys Jones, The Charity School Movement: A Study of Eighteenth Century Puritanism in Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1938).

  [770] Brown, Moral Capital, 430.

  [771] David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1739–1740), Book III, Pt. 3, Sect. 6.

  [772] Ibid., Sect. I, Pt. 3.

  [773] David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature (1739), Bk. III, Pt. 3, Sect.1.

  [774] Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, Sect. IX, Pt. 1.

  [775] Ibid., Sect V, Pt. 2.

  [776] Adam Smith, A Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), Pt. I, Sect. 1, Ch. 1.

  [777] MacDonald, “Effortful Control, Explicit Processing, and the Regulation of Human Evolved Predispositions.”

  [778] Smith, A Theory of Moral Sentiments, Pt. I, Sect. 1, Ch. 5.

  [779] Ibid., Pt. III, Ch. 2.

  [780] Brown, Moral Capital, 380.

  [781] In Ibid., 115.

  [782] Ibid., 48.

  [783] Ibid., 98.

  [784] Himmelfarb, The Roads to Modernity, 234.

  [785] Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 366.

  [786] In Ibid., 88.

  [787] In Ibid., 91.

  [788] In Ibid., 313.

  [789] Ibid., 128.

  [790] Ibid., 190.

  [791] In Ibid., 366.

  [792] In Ibid., 366.

  [793] Brown, Moral Capital, 23.

  [794] In Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 128–129.

  [795] In Ibid., 133.

  [796] Ibid., 307.

  [797] Brown, Moral Capital, 37–38; emphasis in original.

  [798] Ibid., 49.

  [799] Ibid., 106–153.

  [800] Ibid., 437.

  [801] Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 45.

  [802] In Brown, Moral Capital, 170, 181.

  [803] In Ibid., 175; emphasis in text.

  [804] In Ibid., 199.

  [805] Ibid., 179–180.

  [806] Ibid., 441.

  [807] Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 91.

  [808] Brown, Moral Capital, 78.

  [809] Ibid., 405.

  [810] Ibid., 391.

  [811] Ibid., 426.

  [812] Ibid., 430.

  [813] Ibid., 428.

  [814] Maurice Jackson, Let This Voice be Heard: Anthony Benezet, Father of Atlantic Abolitionism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010).

  [815] Brown, Moral Capital, 401.

  [816] Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 78.

  [817] Brown, Moral Capital, 424.

  [818] Ibid., 424.

  [819] Ibid., 429.

  [820] Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 327.

  [821] Ibid., 77.

  [822] Brown, Moral Capital, 397.

  [823] Ibid., 425.

  [824] Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 108.

  [825] Ibid., 127.

  [826] Brooke Palmieri, “The Wild, the Innocent, and the Quaker’s Struggles,” The Appendix (August 21, 2014).

  http://theappendix.net/issues/2014/7/the-wild-the-innocent-and-the-quakers-struggles

  [827] Tombs, The English and Their History, 460.

  [828] Brown, Moral Capital, 88–89.

  [829] Thomas P. Slaughter, The Beautiful Soul of John Woolman, Apostle of Abolition. (New York: Hill and Wang, 2008).

  [830] Ibid., 341.

  [831] Ibid., 349.

  [832] Ibid., 349.

  [833] Ibid., 66.

  [834] James Ramsey, An Essay on the Treatment and Conversion of African Slaves in the British Sugar Colonies, xvii.

  [835] Brown, Moral Capital, 366.

  [836] In Ibid., 369,

  [837] Ramsey, An Essay on the Treatment and Conversion of African Slaves in the British Sugar Colonies, 67.

  [838] Ibid., 70.

  [839] Ibid., 74–75.

  [840] Ibid., 3.

  [841] Ibid., 4.

  [842] Brown, Moral Capital, 442.

  [843] Ibid., 352.

  [844] Ibid., 357.

  [845] Ibid., 387.

  [846] Ibid.

  [847] Ibid., 388,

  [848] Tombs, The English and Their History, 459–460.

  [849] Himmelfarb, Roads to Modernity, 120.

  [850] Ibid., 123.

  [851] In Ibid., 129.

  [852] Brown, Moral Capital, 210.

  [853] Ibid., 339.

  [854] John Wesley, Thoughts upon Slavery (Dublin: W. Whitestone, 1775; orig, pub. 1774), 13–14.

  http://books.google.com/books?id=iTdcAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

  [855] John Wesley, quoted in Jones, The Charity School Movement, 141.

  [856] Jones, The Charity School Movement., 141.

  [857] Himmelfarb, Roads to Modernity, 139.

  [858] Ibid., 127–128.

  [859] Ibid., 128.

  [860] Ibid., 129.

  [861] Ibid., 130.

  [862] Jones, The Charity School Movement.

  [863] Ibid., 3.

  [864] Ibid.

  [865] Ibid., 7.

  [866] Ibid., 8

  [867] Ibid., 10.

  [868] Andrew Joyce, “The 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion: Race and White Pathology at the Height of the British Empire,” The Occidental Quarterly 13, no. 2 (Summer, 2013): 15–38.

  [869] “Jamaica.”

  http://www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/Jamaica.html

  “Indo Jamaicans,” Wikipedia.

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Jamaicans#Impact_on_Jamaican_culture_and_economy

  [870] “Chinese Shun Jamaica: Asian People Say Crime, Racism Make Them Feel Left Out of Society,” Jamaica Observer (November 5, 2016).

  http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/Chinese-shun-Jamaica_78653

  [871] “Jamaica,” Ibid.

  [872] See, for example, J. Philippe Rushton, Race, Evolution, and Behavior (London, Ontario: Charles Darwin Research Institute, 2000; orig. published: New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1994).

  [873] Joyce, “The 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion,” 16.

  [874] Ibid., 17–18.

  [875] Life, Letters and Speeches of Charles Dickens, Vol. 2: Letters of Charles Dickens (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1894), 220.

  [876] Ibid., 220, 220–221.

  [877] Lawrence James, The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (London: Abacus, 2004), 185; quoted in Joyce, “The 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion,” 18.

  [878] Joyce, “The 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion,” 19.

  [879] A Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, Jamaica and Its Governor During the Last Six Years (London: Stanford, 1871).

  [880] Ibid., 4.

  [881] Joyce, “The 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion,” 23–24.

  [882] Jamaica in 1895: A Handbook of Information for Intending Settlers and Others (London: Institute of Jamaica, London School of Economics Selected Pamphlets, 1895).

  [883] Louis Chamerovzow, The Reign of Terror in Jamaica (London: William Nichols, 1866), 3.

  [884] Louis Chamerovzow, The Continued Massacres in Jamaica (London: publisher unknown, 1865), 11.

  [885] Blue Books on Jamaica (Bristol: University of Bristol, Bristol Selected Pamphlets, 1866), 36.

  [886] Ibid., 37.

  [887] Ibid.

  [888] The indented passage is from Joyce, “The 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion,” 30–31,

  [889] Kevin MacDonald, The Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements (Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 1998; orig. published: Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998).

  [890] David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989).

  [891] Fischer, Fairness and Freedom.

  [892] Ibid., 14.

  [893] Ibid., 386.

  [894] Ibid., 486–487.

  [895] Ibid., 487.

  [896] On the basis of corresponding with native Swedish speakers, it is apparent that Swedish also has words for ‘fai
r’ and ‘fairness’ respectively: rättvis and rättvisa. This is not surprising given the closeness of the Scandinavian languages and cultures.

  [897] Ibid., 16–17.

  [898] Ibid., 27.

  [899] Ibid., 57.

  [900] Ibid., 60.

  [901] Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen, IQ and Global Inequality (Augusta, GA: Washington Summit Press, 2006).

  [902] Fischer, Fairness and Freedom, 76.

  [903] Ibid., 93.

  [904] Ibid., 84.

  [905] Ibid., 87.

  [906] Ibid.

  [907] Ibid., 96.

  [908] Ibid., 106.

  [909] Ibid., 324.

  [910] Ibid., 507.

  [911] Ibid., 398.

  [912] Ibid., 400.

  [913] Ibid., 401.

  [914] Ibid., 367.

  [915] Tracy Cormack, “Freedom of Speech vs Hate Speech,” New Zealand Law Society (April 4, 2019).

  https://www.lawsociety.org.nz/practice-resources/practice-areas/human-rights/freedom-of-speech-vs-hate-speech

  [916] Jeremy Waldron, The Harm in Hate Speech (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012).

  [917] Jonathan Haidt, “Post-partisan Social Psychology.” Presentation at the meetings of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, TX., January 27, 2011.

  http://people.virginia.edu/~jdh6n/postpartisan.html

  [918] Christopher H. Boehm, Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).

  [919] Hugh Barbour, The Quakers in Puritan England (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964); Fischer, Albion’s Seed.

  [920] Fischer, Albion’s Seed, 448.

  [921] Ibid.

  [922] Ibid.

  [923] Ibid., 246.

  [924] Tombs, The English and Their History, 462.

  [925] Ibid., 44–45.

  [926] Ibid., 44.

  [927] Kevin MacDonald, “Neoconservatism as a Jewish Movement,” The Occidental Quarterly 4, no. 2 (2004): 7–74; John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008).

  [928] Geoffrey Miller, The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Huan Nature (New York: Anchor Books, reprint, 2001), 332.

  [929] Jonathan Haidt, “Post-partisan Social Psychology.” Presentation at the meetings of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, TX, January 27, 2011.

  https://vimeo.com/19822295

  http://people.stern.nyu.edu/jhaidt/postpartisan.html

  [930] Kevin MacDonald, The Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998; 2nd edition: Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2002), especially Chs. 2 and 6.

  [931] Kevin MacDonald, “Why are Professors Liberals?,” The Occidental Quarterly 10, no. 2 (Summer, 2010): 57–79.

  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321716607_

  [932] Kevin MacDonald, “An Integrative Evolutionary Perspective on Ethnicity,” Politics and the Life Sciences 20 (2001): 67–79; see also Ch. 1 of Separation and Its Discontents: Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Anti-Semitism (Westport, CT: Praeger; 2nd edition: Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2002).

  [933] William Graham Sumner, Folkways (New York: Ginn, 1906), 13.

  [934] Kevin MacDonald, “An Integrative Evolutionary Perspective on Ethnicity.”

  [935] Ibid.

  [936] Miles Hewstone, Mark Rubin, and Hazel Willis, “Intergroup Bias.” Annual Review of Psychology 53 (2002): 575–604; Michael A. Hogg and Dominic Abrams, Social Identifications (New York: Routledge, 1987);

  [937] Ernest Lee Tuveson, Redeemer Nation: The Idea of America’s Millennial Role (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1968), 199.

  [938] Ibid., 214.

  [939] Natalie Richardson, “Two More Oregon Men Left Bloody after Violent Antifa Attack at Portland Protest,” Washington Times (July 1, 2019).

  https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jul/1/two-more-oregon-men-left-bloody-antifa-attack-port/

  [940] Frank K. Salter, “The Biosocial Study of Ethnicity,” in Rosemary Hopcroft (ed), The Oxford Handbook of Evolution, Biology and Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018): 543–568.

  [941] Kevin MacDonald, “Personality, Development, and Evolution,” in Robert Burgess and Kevin MacDonald (Eds.), Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Development, 2nd edition (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2005): 207–242; MacDonald, “Cutting Nature at Its Joints.”

  [942] Keith Stanovich, Who is rational? Studies of Individual Differences in Reasoning (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1999); Keith Stanovich The Robot’s Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2004).

  [943] Barbara Oakley, Ariel Knafo, and Michael McGrath, “Pathological Altruism—An Introduction,” in Barbara Oakley, Ariel Knafo, Guruprasad Madhavan, and David Sloan Wilson (eds.), Pathological Altruism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012): 3–9, 3.

  [944] Ibid., 5.

  [945] David Goodhart, “Why We on the Left Made an Epic Mistake on Immigration,” Daily Mail (March 22, 2013).

  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2297776/SATURDAY-ESSAY-Why-Left-epic-mistake-immigration.html

  [946] Arthur A. Adrian, “Dickens on American Slavery: A Carlylean Slant,” PMLA: Journal of the Modern Languages Association of America 67, no. 4 (June 1952): 315–29, 329.

  [947] Charles Dickens, Bleak House, Vol. 3 (London: Bradbury & Evans, 1853), 26.

  https://books.google.com/books?id=KlsJAAAAQAAJ

  [948] George J. Borjas, “The Analytics of the Wage Effect of Immigration,” Working Paper 14796 (March, 2009), National Bureau of Economic Research.

  https://www.nber.org/papers/w14796.pdf

  [949] Robert D. Putnam, “E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century,” Scandinavian Political Studies 3 (2007): 137–174; Salter, “The Biosocial Study of Ethnicity”; see also Frank Salter, “Germany’s Jeopardy,” You Tube (January 5, 2016).

  https://youtu.be/R8qcK-jx6_8

  [950] Robert A. Burton, “Pathological Certitude,” in Barbara Oakley, Ariel Knafo, Guruprasad Madhavan, and David Sloan Wilson (eds.), Pathological Altruism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012): 131–37, 135.

  [951] Ibid., 136.

  [952] David Brin, “Self-addiction and Self-righteousness,” in Barbara Oakley, Ariel Knafo, Guruprasad Madhavan, and David Sloan Wilson (eds.), Pathological Altruism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012): 77–84, 80.

  [953] Ibid., 80.

  [954] Pew Research Center, “The Partisan Divide on Political Values Grows Even Wider” (October 5, 2017).

  https://www.people-press.org/2017/10/05/the-partisan-divide-on-political-values-grows-even-wider/

  [955] Jeremy Barr, “Without Major Sponsors, Tucker Carlson's Show Leans on Ads for Fox Programming,” The Hollywood Reporter (March 22, 2019).

  https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/major-sponsors-tucker-carlsons-show-leans-fox-news-house-ads-1196257

  [956] See, e.g.: David C. Geary, The Origin of Mind: Evolution of Brain, Cognition, and General Intelligence (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2005); Kevin MacDonald, “Effortful Control, Explicit Processing and the Regulation of Human Evolved Predispositions,” Psychological Review 115, no. 4 (2008): 1012–1031; Keith Stanovich, Who is Rational? Studies of Individual Differences in Reasoning (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1999); Keith Stanovich The Robot’s Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2004).

  [957] Dan Chiappe and Kevin B. MacDonald, “The Evolution of Domain-General Mechanisms in Intelligence and Learning.” Journal of General Psychology 132, no. 1 (2005): 5–40.

 

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