The Glorious Revolution
Page 40
ignored by Convention 168
illegitimacy propaganda 114
invasion attempt 1707: 297
Stuart, James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales– cont
Jacobite insurrection 1715: 299–301
Jacobite rebellion 1715: 296
recognised as King James III by Louis XIV 290
taken to France 127
Summary of the Principal Events in English History, A 12
Sunderland, Earl of 63, 85, 108, 116, 117, 118, 206, 238, 239, 272, 286, 290
Swannell, Edward 55
Swift, Jonathan 298
Talmarsh, Thomas 239
Taunton 64, 66, 68
Taunton, siege of 54
taxation 249
Teignmouth 246
Temple, Sir William 248
Tenison, Thomas (Archbishop of Canterbury) 174, 233, 293
tercentenary address debate 3–6
Test Acts 1673 and 1678: 33, 72, 79, 80, 94, 95
Thatcher, Margaret 1, 2–3
Thoresby, Ralph 150
Toland, John 252
Toleration Act 1689: 7, 16, 244, 252, 253, 306, 308, 308, 310
Tonge, Israel 22–31, 24
Tonge, Thomas 24
Tory policies
concessions by James II 116
fears of republican ‘fanaticism’ 92
hereditary succession 45–6, 48
Jacobite insurrection linkage 301
Jacobitism taint 285
loyal addresses 88–9
opposition to Catholic worship 83
religious toleration 241, 243
town charter revisions 88
town corporation changes 96–7
Trevelyan, George Macaulay 13, 15, 294
History of England 13
Trevor, Sir John 271
Triennial Act 1694: 177, 240, 270, 308
Triennial Bills 238, 240
True relation of the horrid and bloody massacre in Scotland by the Irish papists 153
Trumball, Sir William 152
Turner, Francis (Bishop of Ely) 51, 156, 241
Tutchin, John 155, 237
Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot, Earl of 105, 204–8, 209–10, 216
Uniformity Act 204
United States Constitution 309
Utrecht, Treaty of 299
Vaudois 253
Venner’s Rising 24
Villiers, Elizabeth 230
Wade, Nathaniel 79
Waite, Thomas 94
Walker, Obediah 82, 84, 90
Walpole, Robert 7, 8, 9
Walter, Lucy 52
Webb, Peter 187
Wentworth, Henrietta 56
Wesley, Susanna 181
West Indies, transportation of Monmouth followers 68–9
Weston Zoyland 60, 64
Whig policies
alliance with dissenters 92
Exclusion supported 45
interpretation of the Revolution 78–9
meaning of the revolution 164
opposition to Charles II 46–7
protest at appointment of ministers previously loyal to James II 236
religious toleration 241
revenge 237
short lived alliance with Anglican bishops 101
suspected by James II 103–4
Whittle, John 123
Wicker, John 70–1
Wildman, John 238
William of Orange, King
ad hoc government 156
affection for Queen Mary 229–32
approaches to English politicians 91
army size defeat 286–7
assassination attempt 273–4, 276–7
assassination attempt and aftermath, benefits 276–7
asthma 228
Calvinist protestant 227, 242
confidence in army 123
Coronation speech 176
courage 227
death 293
death of Queen Mary 266
declarations 114, 119, 142, 151, 172
Dutch guards 287–8
ecclesiastical prerogative limits 272
encourages James II to flee to France 158–9
enters London 159
European alliances 245–6
foreigner tag remained 291
France as main enemy 109, 226, 228, 291
husband of likely successor to throne 73
invitation from bishop and six peers 101–2
Irish victory essential for European support 217
lionised by Ulster Protestants 295
need for decision in England 143
pardon for those transported 69
personal appearance 227–8
personality 228
political fluctuations 290–1
propaganda for invasion 109
religious toleration moves 243–4
restrictions made by States General 111
Scottish victory essential for European support 220–1
smallpox 228
statues 294–5
support from people for revolution 179
takes charge of army in Ireland 217
third declaration, spurious 150
Tory alliance 289–90
underlying reasons for invasion 109
William of Orange and government of England
civil administration handed by peers to William 160
constitution changed by Nine Years War 249
Convention debates 164–5
hereditary succession debates 163–4
joint rule vital as legitimating the revolution 225–6
problem of decisions 161
Protestant succession 178
Royal family as key drivers 178–9
unwilling to accept role of consort 170–1, 173
Williams, Bishop 82–3
Winchelsea, Earl of 146
Winchester, Peter Mews, Bishop of 64
Witsen, Nicolaas 111
women pipe smokers 126
Yarborough, Lady 181
York 103, 129
Zuylestein (agent for Prince of Orange) 91–2
Titus Oates, engraving by R. White (1679). Oates was the chief fabricator of stories of a ‘Popish Plot’ to assassinate Charles II. This print displays Oates’ unusual appearance: ‘his nose was snub, his mouth in the very centre of is face, for his chin was almost equal in size to the rest of his face.’ (Mary Evans)
England’s Grand Memorial (1679).
The ‘murder’ of Sir Edmund Godfrey, the magistrate who had heard Oates and Tonge’s account of Catholic subterfuge, sparked panic in London. In fact, Godfrey may well have taken his own life.
(Private Collection/Bridgeman Art Library)
King Charles II, attributed to Thomas Hawker (c. 1680). Charles seriously doubted the existence of a Popish Plot, aware of factual inconsistencies in Oates’ story.
(National Portrait Gallery)
James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, by Sir Godfrey Kneller (1678). Charles’s eldest illegitimate son, Monmouth led a serious revolt against his uncle James II in 1685. Captured and sentenced to death, it took five blows from the executioner’s axe to behead the Duke. (National Portrait Gallery)
James II, by Sir Godfrey Kneller (1684–5). James, a devout Catholic, had a strong, authoritarian personality shaped by his early military career.
(National Portrait Gallery)
Catherine Sedley, studio of Peter Lely (c. 1675). Despite his religious beliefs, James, like his brother, had a string of mistresses. James’s relationship with Catherine Sedley was the most long lasting of his adulterous liasions (despite Charles’s barbed comments about her plainness). (National Portrait Gallery)
Queen Mary Beatrice, Prince James Francis Edward in the cradle, and Father Petre. Claims that James’s son, the Prince of Wales, was not his own, or had been smuggled in in a warming-pan, were given credence by the Prince of Orange’s Declaration, in which he promised a Parliamentary investigation into the child’s paternity and birth.
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br /> (British Museum)
England’s Memorial. Of its wounderfull deliverance from French tirany and popish oppression (1688). Prints of this kind gave visual representation to the claim that William had saved England from popery and its political equivalent, arbitrary government.
(Private collection/Bridgeman Art Library)
Mary II, by Sir Godfrey Kneller (1690). Mary, a statuesque 5’ II”, was as famed for her beauty as she was for her piety and devotion to her husband. (Sotheby’s/AKG Images)
William III, by Gottfried Schalken (1692). This portrait of William not only conveys his sombre and reserved character but also displays his greatest facial characteristic, his enormous hooked nose.
(Crown Estate/Bridgeman Art Library)
The Battle of the Boyne, by Jan Wyck (1690). Although the war in Ireland continued for another two years, William’s victory at the Boyne effectively ended James’s personal involvement in the Jacobite cause. (National Army Museum/Bridgeman Art Library)
The Battle of La Hogue, by George Chambers Senior (1692). The crushing naval victory for the British and Dutch over the French at La Hogue led Louis XIV to turn his nation’s seaborne efforts to privateering to damage British trade. (National Maritime Museum)
Queen Anne, studio of John Closterman (c. 1702). A doughty, irascible character, Anne’s decision to side with her sister rather than her father during the Revolution was swayed by the desire to preserve her own and her children’s dynastic inheritance.
(National Portrait Gallery)
John Churchill, First Duke of Marlborough, by Sir Godfrey Kneller (1700). Churchill rose through the army ranks under James II, but was a key member of the ‘Orangist’ conspiracy against the King and would be ennobled by William for his role in the revolution in 1689.
(National Portrait Gallery)
Prince Charles Edward Stuart, by Hugh Douglas Hamilton (1785). ‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’, the most charismatic of the Stuart pretenders and the one, in the 1745 rebellion, to pose the most serious threat to the Hanoverian dynasty.
(National Portrait Gallery)
Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, by Louis Gabriel Blanchet (1741). A portrait of the elderly ‘Old Pretender’: ‘a tall lean blak man, loukes half dead alredy, very thine, long faced, and very ill cullored and melancholy’.
(National Portrait Gallery)
A RADICAL HISTORY OF BRITAIN
Edward Vallance
From medieval unnymede to twentieth-century Jarrow, from King Alfred to George Orwell, by way of Robin Hood, Wat Tyler and Mary Wollstonecraft, a rich and colourful thread of radicalism, both real and mythic, runs through a thousand years of British history. In this fascinating and vibrant book, Edward Vallance traces a national tendency towards revolution, irreverence and reform wherever it surfaces and in all its variety. For the first time in one volume, Vallance unveils the British yeomen and preachers, millworkers, miners and intellectuals who fought and died for religious freedom, universal suffrage, justice and liberty – and shows why, now more than ever, their heroic achievements must be recognised and celebrated.
Rousing, brilliant and hugely readable, this is a panoramic and invaluable study of a millennium of one nation’s free-thinking.
ABACUS
978-0-349-12026-3
RUBICON
Tom Holland
‘Narrative history at its best … it really held me, in fact, obsessed me’
Ian McEwan, Book of the Year, Guardian
‘I owe a debt of gratitude to Tom Holland not just for reminding me of the great figures who bestrode the Roman world – Pompey and Crassus, Cato, Cicero and Caesar – but for explaining what it was that made Rome the greatest superpower the world has known, why it lasted so long and what caused its eventual fall’
Christopher Matthew, Daily Mail
‘The bloodstained drama of the last decades of the Roman republic is told afresh with tremendous wit, narrative verve and insight’
Independent on Sunday
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978-0-349-11563-4
PERSIAN FIRE
Tom Holland
‘Thrilling … masterly … gripping’
Independent on Sunday
It was 2,500 years ago that East and West first went to war. In the early 5th Century BC, a global superpower was determined to bring truth and order to what it regarded as two terrorist states. The superpower was Persia, whose kings had founded the first world empire, incomparably rich in ambitions, gold and men. The terrorist states were Athens and Sparta, eccentric cities in a poor and mountainous backwater: Greece. The story of how their citizens took on the most powerful man on the planet, and defeated him is as heart-stopping as any episode in history.
‘Holland has a rare eye for detail, drama and the telling of anecdote. His account of the Battle of Thermopylae is surely the most exciting in print. A book as spirited and engaging as Persian Fire deserves to last … It has turned the stuff of public-school translation exercises into vibrant, bloodthirsty popular history, told with a rich sense of irony and irresistible narrative timing’
Dominic Sandbrook, Daily Telegraph
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BLOODY FOREIGNERS
Robert Winder
‘Supremely readable’
The Times
‘Our aristocracy was created by a Frenchman, William the Conqueror, who also created our medieval architecture, our greatest artistic glory. Our royal family is German, our language a bizarre confection of Latin, Saxon and, latterly, Indian and American. Our shops and banks were created by Jews. We did not stand alone against Hitler, the empire stood beside us. And our food is, of course, anything but British … Winder has a thousand stories to tell and he tells them well. Topical, formidable and engaging … A tremendous read’
Sunday Times
‘Enlightened and illuminating. Winder goes a long way towards defining what we are as a nation’
Independent
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978-0-349-11566-5
ENDGAME 1945
David Stafford
‘A harrowing masterpiece of modern history’ Sunday Express
In this remarkable account of the end of the Second World War, David Stafford looks behind the headlines of history and uncovers the stories of those, soldier and civilian alike, who had lived through the war and now must endure the daily horrors and hardships of its aftermath. Endgame 1945 is an unforgettable panorama of the defeat of Fascism, of ordinary men and women and extraordinary valour, and of Europe in every way tested to its limits. It is the final chapter of war.
‘Stafford has assembled a remarkable gallery of human stories –heroic, tragic, squalid, moving’
Max Hastings, Daily Mail
‘Intimate and compelling … What a rollercoaster of dramatic highs and lows’ James Delingpole, Mail on Sunday
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