The Glorious Revolution
Page 39
popular interest at the time 19
reformation of public morals and manners 309
royal succession the central issue 17
Scotland 224
sensible bipartisan affair 11–12
tercentenary 3–6
invasion
advice to James II from bishops 116–18, 120–1
Brixham landing 125–6
defectors to William from James II’s army 131, 133
Exeter 126–7
Gloucestershire rising 127–8
Irish rising rumours 148–52
James’s army retreats to London 133–4
landing plans 124
news of 163
northern rebellion 127–30
Nottingham 128–9
propaganda 134–5
Reading 143
riots after flight of James II 147
Scottish involvement 203
storm delays 124
invasion forces
alliances 110–11, 112–13
propaganda campaign 113–14, 123
size 113, 123
Spanish Armada comparison 110
Ireland
admiration for Jacobite army 216–17
Catholic church growth 207
Catholic rebellion 1641: 42
Catholics in army 105
death sentences on Protestants 212–13
divided objectives of James II and Tyrconnel 210
Jacobite landing and revolution 209–10
Jacobite revolution 204
James II attempts to control Irish Parliament 206–7
James II landing 209
James II not prepared for Catholic-Protestant war 215
Lord Lieutenant 105
moves towards independence 204, 208
New Parliament 1689: 211, 212, 213
‘Patriot Parliament’ 213
Protestant-Catholic split 154–5
rebellion 1641: 154–5
Revolution not Glorious 224
seen to be of minor concern to William 224
Toleration Act 213
troops withdrawn to counter invasion 121
Troubles linked with the Orange cause 295–6
Ulster Protestants plight 213
Williamite army arrival 216
‘Irish Fright’ 151–3
Israel, Jonathan 15
Jacobite rebellions 1715 and 1745: 296
Jamaica 251
James II, King
abortive invasion plans 273
advice received re invasion 116, 116–18, 120–1, 122
advice received re Scotland 200
affection from King Charles II 39
also King James VII of Scotland 195
antagonises with undue Catholicism toleration 74
appeal to compounders 239
arbitrary government fears 105–6
army 122–3
army move to west 131
army strength 121
assassination of William plans 273–4
authoritarian 81, 104
captured at Faversham 145–6, 156
Catholic books printing 82
Church of England ‘safe in his hands’ 72
death 290, 296
Declarations of Indulgence 76, 85–6, 88–9, 92, 99, 100, 105
deputation from Ireland after revolution 208–9
directions to preachers 82
dissenters alliance built on toleration 83, 85–90
dissenters treatment 81
emissaries to William 140, 143
exile at St Germain en Laye 209, 296
family splits along religious lines 134
financially independent 106
flight planned 141, 143–4
hatred of disloyalty 199
hereditary succession belief 73
impression of strong Catholicism support 103, 106
increased military establishment 73–4
instrument of God 104
Ireland seen as staging post 224
lack of concern over invasion 109
leaves Ireland for France 218
legitimacy questioned 55
London anti-popery crowds persuaded him to flee 307–8
Lord High Admiral 80
loyal addresses to 86–90, 95
military career 81
Monmouth punishments unpopular 71–2
Monmouth rebellion short term benefit 73
navy strength 121
nosebleeding 132–3, 212
not hoping to convert nation to Catholicism forcibly 80
not prepared for Catholic-Protestant Irish war 215
overseas rule, impact of 104–5
Parliament dissolved July 1687 92–3
Parliament membership manipulations 85, 97–9, 107
Parliament prorogued 82
poor intelligence over invasion 109, 114–15
Popish Plot 32
popularity decline 274
Presbyterian approaches 80
propaganda over invasion 119
Protestant household 85
reception on return to London 157
religion 32–6
reputation for plain dealing 116
Rochester 158
royal progress 93
Scotland seen as staging post 224
second flight 159–60
standing army 103
succession 35–6
succession crisis 99–103
toleration concept 80–1
town corporation changes 96–7
William of Orange’s declaration 119
James, Thomas 55
Jane, William 89
Jeffreys, Lord Chief Justice George 49–50, 63, 64–6, 83, 141, 147–8
Johnson, Samuel 77–9, 164
Johnstone, James 102
Junto Whigs 267, 268, 272, 287
Kemp, Mary 55
Kenyon, J P (Dictionary of British History) 15
Keynsham, skirmish at 58
Kid, John 57
Kidd, Captain 288
Killiecrankie, battle of 213–14
‘King’s evil’ 50
Kinnock, Neil 3–4
Kinsale 209, 219
Kirke, Colonel Percy 59, 64, 133, 215
Kirkby, Christopher 25–6
La Hogue, battle of 226, 234, 247, 296
Lamb, John 96–7
Land Bank 251
Landen, battle of 240, 248
Latitudinarians 243, 273
Lauder, Sir John 201
Lechmere, Nicholas 7
Leopold, Holy Roman Emperor 110, 112–13
Licensing Act 1695: 19, 37
Lime Street Catholic chapel 83
Limerick, sieges of 219
Limerick, Treaty of 223
Lindsey, Earl of 122
Lisle, Dame Alice 66
literacy 184
local government breakdown 106, 121–2
Locke, John 15, 92, 179, 182, 252, 310
Two Treatises of Government 179
Loder, Andrew 66–7
London
anti-Catholic riots 127, 144, 147, 151
common council 164
Great Fire 24–5
Irish rising rumours 148–9
St James’s Square 285
London Gazette 88, 119
London, Henry Compton, Bishop of 82, 101, 118, 120, 138–40, 231, 255–6
Londonderry, siege of 211–2, 215
Lords Lieutenants ‘three questions’ 93–6
Louis XIV of France, King
aggressive policy towards the
United Provinces 111–12
attack on British maritime trade 247
Charles II diplomacy 43
death 300
Louis XIV of France–cont
declares war on United Provinces 143
distracted by German states 110–11
Edict of Nantes 106
Edict of Nantes revoked 75–6
supposed holy league
with James II 152–3
Treaty of Ryswick 290
Louis XV of France, King 300, 302
Lovelace, Lord 127–8, 129, 142, 171
Lowestoft, battle of 81
Lumley, Lord 117, 142
Lundy, Robert 211
Luttrell, Narcissus 100
Luxembourg, Duke of 269
Lyttleton, Sir Charles 68, 71
Macaulay, Lord 294
Macclesfield, Earl of 126
MacDonald, Flora 304
MacIain, Iain 221–2
Magdalen College affair 90–1, 93, 104, 118, 172
‘maids of Taunton’ 66
Mar, Earl of 300
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of 58, 64, 133, 140, 142, 219, 228, 239
martial law 103
Marx, Karl 2–3
Mary of Modena, Queen (consort of James II and VII) 73, 76, 80, 99, 127, 137, 138
Mary II (Mary Queen of Orange)
affection for William 230–2
Anglican faith 231, 234–5
behaviour 232–3
church patronage and policy 244
Court reform 235
death 266–8
delayed in Holland 171
hereditary claim to the throne 225–6
James II sees as successor 73, 85–6
Regent 233–4
Massey, John 84
Meal Tub Plot 38, 50
Melfort, Earl of 166, 210
Middlezoy 61
militarisation of society 103–4
militia 121–2
Militia Act 1661: 34
‘Million Loan’ 250
Million Lottery 250
‘molly culture’ 260
Molyneux, Nathaniel 122
Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of
ambitions 40
appeal as a royal pretender 54–5
belief in his survival 74–5
captured 63
conviviality 56
execution 50–1, 63
exiled 38
expedition gamble 53
flees the country 47
impersonations 50
impersonations after death 75
kidnapped 52
London support hopes 53–4
London support low 73
Lyme Regis landing 51, 54, 57
popularity outside Britain 56
punishment of followers 63–9
punishment of supporters 155–6
retreat to Wiltshire 58
rising 17–18
Sedgemoor, battle of 60–3
transportation of followers 68–9, 72
volunteers attracted 57
West country support 54
Monmouth Worsted in the West 76
Montague, Charles 250
moral reformation 254–65
Morrice, Roger 125, 132
Morton, A. L. (A People’s History of England) 13
Mountjoy, Lord 208–9
Murray, Lord George 303
Nagel, Sir Richard 206–7
Namur, siege of 248, 250, 269
Naturalisation Act 1740: 308
Navigation Acts 105, 308
Nelthorpe, Richard 66
Newcastle 142
Newcastle, Duke of 129
‘news culture’ 183–4
Nine Years War
coinage crisis 284–5
French harvest failure 269
impact on English constitution 249–51
initial setbacks for William 248–9
peace 1697: 269, 285, 286
success for Grand Alliance 268
Treaty of Ryswick 285, 286, 290
Nipho, Jeremiah 69
non-conformity 241
‘non-jurors’ 180, 187, 240–1, 296–7
North Sea patrols 115–16
Norton St Philip 58, 59
Norwich 142, 144, 185–6
Nottingham 139
Nottingham, Earl of 164, 180, 237, 240, 275
Oates, Samuel 22
Oates, Titus 22–31, 35, 164–5
Oglethorpe, Lieutenant-Colonel (later Colonel) 58, 61–2
‘Old Pretender, The’ see Stuart, James Francis Edward
Order of the Thistle 202
Ormonde, Duke of 133
Outlines of English History for Junior Classes in Schools 12
Oxford, Bonaventura Gifford, Bishop of 91
Oxford Parliament 1681: 41, 164
Oxford, Samuel Parker, Bishop of 90–1
Oxford, University of 82, 84, 90–1, 104, 118, 172
Paine, Thomas 10–11
pardon-mongers 66–7
Parker, William 23
Parliament
Convention treated as 178
‘country party’ 271
dissolved July 1687 92–3
elections contested 37
elections rarely contested 97
twelve general elections in 26 years 270
voting along party lines 270
writs for new issued by James II 141–2
Paterson, William 250
‘Patriot Parliament’ 213
Payne, William 234
Pembroke, Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of 31
Penn, Sir William 79, 83
Pepys, Samuel 185
Peterhead 300
Petition of Right 1629: 176
Petre, Father 85, 116, 141
Pettekum, Simon van 113
Pitman, Henry 65, 69–70
Pitman, William 69, 71
Pitt, Sir William 304–5
placemen 270–1
political consciousness 182–3
political party system 43–4
Pollexfen, Henry 170
‘Popish Plot’ 17, 1, 35, 41–2
Port Royal earthquake 251
Portland, Earl of: see Bentinck, Hans Willem
Portsmouth 121, 143
Portsmouth, Duchess of 39
post
General Post Office established 308
supposedly used to spread panic 151–2
Powle, Henry 166
Poyning’s Law 212
predestination 82
‘Presbyterian Plot’ 22
Presbyterians
no alliance with Catholics 202
oath of non-resistance 201
restoration of ministers 204
Preston, battle of 300
Princes Risborough 186
prostitution linked to crime 262–4
‘Protestant Wind’ 125
public houses 184–5
Purcell, Henry 266
Putney Debates 177
Quakers 56, 79, 83, 279–80
Queensberry, William Douglas, First Duke of, 196, 198, 200
quo warranto campaign 47–8, 97, 237
Ransome, Mrs Cyril 12
Reading 143
recoinage 283
Reform Act 1832: 18
Regency Act 226, 233–4
religious indifference by public 251–4
Religious Societies 253–4
Reresby, Sir John 97, 117, 130, 144
revisionism 14–17
Rhodes, Samuel 94
Rice, Baron 208
Riddell, John 53
Rigby, Captain Edward 260–1
‘Robinocracy’ 8
Rochester, John Wilmot, Earl of 85, 127–8, 140, 156, 272
Rokeby, Thomas 245
Ross, Thomas 52
Rowe, Anthony 171
Royal African Company 106, 309
Rye House Plot 46, 47, 54, 65, 92, 103, 174, 177
Ryswick, Treaty of 285, 286, 290
Sacheverell, Henry 7–8, 192, 257
Sacheverell, William 166
St Germain en Laye 209, 296
St John, Henry, Viscount Bolingbroke 8–9
St Paul’s, John Sharp, Dean of 82, 166
Salisbury 132, 143
Saltatudos 69–70
Sancroft, William (Archbishop of Canterbury) 89, 116–17, 120, 241
Sanq
uhar Declaration 197
Savoy, Duke of 253
Scarborough 124, 130
Schomberg, Duke of 216–19
School History of England, A 293–4
Scotland
Cameronians 197
Catholics in army 105
Catholics in civil administration 198
Claim of Right 203–4
Convention reduces monarchs’ control 204
Convention summoned by William 203
crown offered to William and Mary 203
draconian nature of early James II laws 196, 199
end of Jacobite counter-revolution 220
Highland clans elimination 221–3
Highland troops 213–14
Jacobite counter-revolution 213–14
James II also James VII of Scotland 195
Parliament 1686 less favourable to James II 200–1
Parliamentary tactics by James II 201
Presbyterians 199–200
Presbyterians persecuted 197
Revolution not Glorious 224
seen to be of minor concern to William 224
troops withdrawn to counter invasion 121
Scott, Sir Walter (Waverley: or ‘Tis Sixty Years Since) 305
Seaforth, Earl of 198
‘Sealed Knot’ 273
Sedgemoor, battle of 18, 60–3
seditious words 55, 185–8
‘Select Number’ 273
Septennial Act 1716: 8, 301
Seymour, Sir Edward 33, 131, 166–7
‘Shaftesbury’s association’ 131
Shaftesbury, Earl of 56
Sheridan, Thomas 204–5
Sherrifmuir, battle of 300
Shetland Isles 163
Shrewsbury, Earl of 286
Sidney, Algernon 237, 238
Skelton, Bevil 112, 116
Smith, John 75
Smyrna fleet 248
Society of Friends see Quakers
Societies for the Reformation of Manners 226, 254–65
Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge 253
Sole Bay 124
Somers, John 169, 178, 285, 287–8
Southwold Bay, engagement at 81
Spanish succession 269, 286, 289
Spanish succession, War of the 298, 299
Speke, Hugh 150, 151–2
Spence, Edward 84
Steenkirk, battle of 248
Stevens, John 216
Stewart, William 208
Stillingfleet, Edward 255
Strange, Richard 23
Strode, Edward 79, 88, 96
Stuart dynasty decline 146
Stuart, Charles Edward (‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’)
Culloden, battle of 303–4
death 304
Derby, retreat from 303
Ercksay landing 302
escape from Scotland 304
French invasion attempt 1743: 301–2
Jacobite rebellions 1745: 296
Stuart, James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales (‘The Old Pretender’)
Avignon and Rome 301
birth 76, 100–2
birth 119
birth news in Scotland 202–3