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Acknowledgements
I want to thank all those at my publishers the Book Guild including Carol Biss, Jessica Hampton and Joanna Bentley for having faith in the work, and Janet Wrench and Imogen Palmer, who did such sterling work to help finalise the manuscript. Also particular thanks to Steve Carter Associates for the work o
n creating the new maps and to Anja Koppitsch and Kieran Hood for sourcing the images used in the book.
Particular thanks also go to those who helped me with my research, with fact-finding missions, with interviews and meeting members of the Erlebnisgeneration. I‘m grateful to all those who were willing to share their often traumatic experiences. A special thanks also goes to Steffen Hoertler, without whom the book would have been resource poorer. To Till Scholz-Knobloch for his connections in Silesia and to Thomas Kosak, Joanna Manderla and Bruno Kosak and the Verband der Deutschen Sozial-Kulturellen Gesellschaften in Polen for their patience with my questions about this wonderful region and its turbulent history. A heartfelt thanks also to all those at the Akademie Mitteleuropa in Bad Kissingen for their help and support, not least to the many Sudeten Germans I have met and come to know and admire for their eternal stoicism, for their patient seminars and tours through the wastelands of the past, which do such incredible work in helping to bring communities together and keep memory alive. Also to Winifried Ziegler for her guiding me on my visit to Hermannstadt in the ancient region of Siebenburgen. And to Markus Leuschner at the BdV, Simon Robbins, archivist at the Imperial War Museum and to Simon Heßdörfer at the Lastenausgleich archive in Bayreuth for access to documents on the expulsions from Bohemia and East Prussia, and to Sabrina Bader at the Bundesarchiv in Koblenz for her help in sourcing photographs.
And many thanks to all those who helped me with the earlier drafts or with additional information/sources, not least my old tutors at the University of East Anglia, Dr John Biggart and Ian Farr, as well as PD Dr Ute Schmidt at the Free University of Berlin, Dr Ruediger Goldman, Lawrence Abramson, Gemini Adams (my book ‘midwife’), Andrew Baxter and Martin Norris at Realworld Creative, Clive Turner from CLT consultants, Wing Commander Burt and Mike Waller, Phil Murray and, last but not least, my father for always being happy to play devil’s advocate while reading and rereading countless drafts.
I also acknowledge a debt to those whose work helped inspire me, not least the first author in the English language to take on the great taboo of Germans as victims; Douglas Botting in his ground-breaking work In the Ruins of the Reich. Max Sebald, Gordon Turner and Colin Good for kind-hearted men talking about hard-edged subjects and man’s inhumanity to man. And for those few authors who have had the courage to give a voice to the suffering of millions of civilians whom much of the historical establishment has simply chosen to ignore.
Photographic Acknowledgements
The author and publishers are grateful to the following sources for permission to reproduce the photos in this book:
Colour plate section
Porta Negra: Stock Photo 1107332. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/tomwald
Hermann’s Monument: Stock Photo 6291658. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/archives
Quedlinburg: Stock Photo 14932141. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/anyaivanova
Aachen: Stock Photo 24462547. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/rclassenlayouts
Goslar Kaiserpfalz: Stock Photo 12726782. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/seeker_67
Speyer Cathedral: Stock Photo 27238735. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/nailiaschwarz
Marienburg: Stock Photo 14039189. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/ewg3d
Prague: Stock Photo 31205030. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/qq7
Strasbourg: Stock Photo 57558992. Copyright: Michael Zimberov, de.fotolia.com/p/200570383
Wartburg Pfalz: Stock Photo 1411145. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/thomas-canon
Danzig: Stock Photo 18265857. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/rognar
Hofburg Palace: Stock Photo 13707269. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/benedek
Rothenburg ob der Tauber: Stock Photo 7507921. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/grafissimo
Regensburg: Stock Photo 27744710. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/rudybalasko
Leopoldina university: Stock Photo 9197473. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/gosiek-b
Königsberg: Stock Photo 13201936. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/leonkenig
Potsdam: Stock Photo 18070803. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/bparren
Brandenburg Gate: Stock Photo 26270018. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/noppasin
Black and white plate section
Kaiser Karl der Grosse: Stock Photo 18904087. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/marialba.italia
Kaiser Friedrich I: Stock Photo 30966562. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/jopelka
Kaiser Karl IV: Stock Photo 69344093. Copyright: franziskus46, de.fotolia.com/p/203941068
Kaiser Karl V: Stock Photo 8511917. Copyright: Lucky Dragon, de.fotolia.com/p/180036
Martin Luther: Stock Photo 19691305. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/typo-graphics
Friedrich Wilhelm I: Stock Photo 62381911. Copyright: steschum, de.fotolia.com/p/201272185
Friedrich II: Stock Photo 41860383. Copyright: rumifaz, de.fotolia.com/p/203276968
Frederick the Great: Rundale Palace Museum, Kurland, Latvia
Kaiser Wilhelm I: Bundesarchiv, Picture 146-1998-028-13A
Otto von Bismarck: Stock Photo 12836364. Copyright: istockphoto.com/profile/georgiosart
Kaiser Wilhelm II: Bundesarchiv, Picture 183-R28302
Paul von Hindenburg: Bundesarchiv, Picture 146-2008-0025
Adolf Hitler: Bundesarchiv, Picture 102-13774 / Photographer: Hoffmann Heinrich
Hermann Göring: Bundesarchiv, Picture 146-2013-0013
Adolf Hitler, Reichskanzler: Bundesarchiv, Picture 183-1987-0703-507/Agency: Scherl
Nemmersdorf, East Prussia: Bundesarchiv, Pictures 101I-464-0383I-17 /101I-464-0383I-26 /101I-464-0383I-07 /101I-464-0383I-30 /101I-464-0384I-11 /101I-464-0383I-21. Photographer: Kleiner
East Prussian refugees: Bundesarchiv, Picture 146-1979-084-03A
Refugee column, Danzig: Bundesarchiv, Picture 146-1979-084-06
Refugee column, Braunsberg: Bundesarchiv, Picture 146-1976-072-09
Cologne Cathedral: Bundesarchiv, Picture 101I-484-2999-20/Photographer: Bayer
Lübeck Cathedral: Bundesarchiv, Picture 146-1977-047-16
Dresden: Bundesarchiv, Picture 183-Z0309-310 / Photographer: Beyer G.
Hamburg: Bundesarchiv, Picture 183-V00294-3
Hamburg/Dresden: Bundesarchiv, Picture 183-R93452; Bundesarchiv, Picture 183-R72625/Photographer: Hahn; Bundesarchiv, Picture 183-08778-0001/Photographer: Hahn
Index
Note: The letter n following a page number indicates a footnote.
Aachen ref1, ref2, ref3nxiii, ref4, ref5
Cathedral ref1
Congress of (1818) ref1
Peace of (1748) ref1
Aargau ref1
Aboriginals ref1ncxxvii, ref2, ref3
absolutism ref1nci
Acre ref1
Adenauer, Konrad ref1, ref2nxi, ref3nclxiii, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7nccxcix, ref8, ref9
Adrianople, Battle of ref1
AEG ref1
Africa Corps ref1
African colonies ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 see also Boer War; North Africa; South Africa
agriculture ref1, ref2, ref3ncclxviii
aircraft ref1, ref2ncclxvi
airforces ref1 see also Luftwaffe; Royal Air Force ref2
‘Al Andalus’ ref1
Alamanni ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Alans ref1
Alaric, King of the Visigoths ref1
Albert I, King of the Belgians ref1
Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach ref1, ref2nlxxvi
Aleksandrow Kujawski see Wirkheim
Alemansch dialect ref1nv
Alexander II, Tsar of Russia ref1, ref2ncccxx
Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Russia ref1
Alexander Nevsky (film) ref1
Alexandra, Queen (consort of King Edward VII) ref1
Allied Control Commission of Germany ref1
Allied Control Council ref1
Allies
Ad
enauer and ref1
‘excesses’ of ref1
and German economy ref1
looting by ref1
occupation of Germany ref1, ref2
Alsace (Elsass) ref1, ref2
conscription, Second World War ref1ncccxxiii
early history ref1
French seizure of ref1
German language ref1, ref2
‘liberation’ myth ref1
linguistic imperialism ref1ncccxxviii
national identity ref1
origins ref1
regional identity ref1
strategic significance of ref1
Thirty Years War ref1
Alsace-Lorraine ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
Altenberg (Starý Kopec) ref1nxxx, ref2
Alvarado, Pedro da ref1
Ambrose, W. Stephen ref1ncclxxiii
Americas, indigenous inhabitants ref1
Amherst, Jeffrey, Lord ref1
Anabaptists ref1
Anders, General Wladyslaw ref1, ref2
Angles ref1
Anglican Church ref1
Anglo-Saxons ref1 see also Saxons
Annaberg ref1, ref2ncccxii
Annan, Kofi ref1
annexations ref1, ref2, ref3
anti-Semitism ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Catholic Church ref1, ref2
Czechoslovakia ref1
evolution of ref1
and Great Depression ref1
and Holocaust ref1
media and ref1, ref2
origins of ref1, ref2
Poland ref1nccxxviii
post-Second World War ref1
United States ref1
Vienna ref1
writers on ref1
see also pogroms
antiquities, disposal of ref1, ref2
Arausio, battle of ref1
archaeology ref1
architecture
Berlin ref1, ref2
Bohemia ref1, ref2
classical ref1
Gothic ref1
Greek revival ref1
neglect of, post-Second World War ref1
nineteenth century ref1
Potsdam ref1nlxxvii
Prague ref1
rococo ref1
Arciszewski, Tomasz ref1
Ardenne, Manfred von ref1
Arendt, Hannah ref1
Arens, Peter ref1
Arianism ref1
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