by Don Tapscott
56. http://crowdjury.org/en/.
57. The entire process is described in Ast and Sewrjugin, “The CrowdJury.”
58. A brief description of the jury selection process in early Athens is described at www.agathe.gr/democracy/the_jury.html.
59. See full report and recommendations here, including a description of models worldwide: www.judiciary.gov.uk/reviews/online-dispute-resolution/.
60. http://blog.counter-strike.net/index.php/overwatch/.
61. Environmental Defense Fund, www.edf.org/climate/how-cap-and-trade-works.
62. Swan, Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy.
63. Interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, July 20, 2015.
Chapter 9: Freeing Culture on the Blockchain: Music to Our Ears
1. “2015 Women in Music Honours Announced,” M Online, PRS for Music, October 22, 2015; www.m-magazine.co.uk/news/2015-women-in-music-honours-announced/, accessed November 21, 2015.
2. Interview with Imogen Heap, September 16, 2015.
3. David Byrne, “The Internet Will Suck All Creative Content Out of the World,” The Guardian, June 20, 2014; www.theguardian.com/music/2013/oct/11/david-byrne-internet-content-world, accessed September 20, 2015.
4. Interview with Imogen Heap, September 16, 2015.
5. In-person conversation between Paul Pacifico and Don Tapscott at the home of Imogen Heap, November 8, 2015.
6. “Hide and Seek,” performed by Ariana Grande, YouTube, Love Ariana Grande Channel, October 17, 2015; www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SDVDd2VpP0, accessed November 21, 2015.
7. Interview with Imogen Heap, September 16, 2015.
8. David Byrne, et al., “Once in a Lifetime,” Remain in Light, Talking Heads, February 2, 1981.
9. Interview with Imogen Heap, September 16, 2015.
10. Johan Nylander, “Record Labels Part Owner of Spotify,” The Swedish Wire, n.d.; www.swedishwire.com/jobs/680-record-labels-part-owner-of-spotify, accessed September 23, 2015. According to Nylander, Sony had 5.8 percent, Universal 4.8 percent, and Warner 3.8 percent. Before its sell-off, EMI had a 1.9 percent stake.
11. Interview with Imogen Heap, September 16, 2015.
12. David Johnson, “See How Much Every Top Artist Makes on Spotify,” Time, November 18, 2014; http://time.com/3590670/spotify-calculator/, accessed September 25, 2015.
13. Micah Singleton, “This Was Sony Music’s Contract with Spotify,” The Verge, May 19, 2015; www.theverge.com/2015/5/19/8621581/sony-music-spotify-contract, accessed September 25, 2015.
14. Stuart Dredge, “Streaming Music: What Next for Apple, YouTube, Spotify . . . and Musicians?,” The Guardian, August 29, 2014; www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/aug/29/streaming-music-apple-youtube-spotify-musicians, accessed August 14, 2015.
15. Ed Christman, “Universal Music Publishing’s Royalty Portal Now Allows Writers to Request Advance,” Billboard, July 20, 2015; www.billboard.com/articles/business/6634741/universal-music-publishing-royalty-window-updates, accessed November 24, 2015.
16. Robert Levine, “Data Mining the Digital Gold Rush: Four Companies That Get It,” Billboard 127(10) (2015): 14–15.
17. Interview with Imogen Heap, September 16, 2015.
18. Imogen Heap, “Panel Session,” Guardian Live, “Live Stream: Imogen Heap Releases Tiny Human Using Blockchain Technology, Sonos Studio London,” October 2, 2015; www.theguardian.com/membership/2015/oct/02/live-stream-imogen-heap-releases-tiny-human-using-blockchain-technology. Passage edited by Imogen Heap, e-mail, November 27, 2015.
19. Ibid.
20. Interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, July 20, 2015.
21. Interview with Imogen Heap, September 16, 2015.
22. Ibid.
23. Stuart Dredge, “How Spotify and Its Digital Music Rivals Can Win Over Artists: ‘Just Include Us,’” The Guardian, October 29, 2013; www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/29/spotify-amanda-palmer-songkick-vevo, accessed August 14, 2015.
24. George Howard, “Bitcoin and the Arts: An Interview with Artist and Composer, Zoe Keating,” Forbes, June 5, 2015; www.forbes.com/sites/georgehoward/2015/06/05/bitcoin-and-the-arts-and-interview-with-artist-and-composer-zoe-keating/, accessed August 14, 2015.
25. Ibid.
26. Joseph Young, “Music Copyrights Stored on the Bitcoin BlockChain: Rock Band 22HERTZ Leads the Way,” CoinTelegraph, May 6, 2015; http://cointelegraph.com/news/114172/music-copyrights-stored-on-the-bitcoin-blockchain-rock-band-22hertz-leads-the-way, accessed August 14, 2015.
27. Press release, “Colu Announces Beta Launch and Collaboration with Revelator to Bring Blockchain Technology to the Music Industry,” Business Wire, August 12, 2015.
28. Gideon Gottfried, “How ‘the Blockchain’ Could Actually Change the Music Industry, Billboard, August 5, 2015; www.billboard.com/articles/business/6655915/how-the-blockchain-could-actually-change-the-music-industry.
29. PeerTracks Inc., September 24, 2015; http://peertracks.com/.
30. “About Us,” Artlery: Modern Art Appreciation, September 3, 2015; https://artlery.com.
31. Ellen Nakashima, “Tech Giants Don’t Want Obama to Give Police Access to Encrypted Phone Data,” Washington Post, WP Company LLC, May 19, 2015; www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/tech-giants-urge-obama-to-resist-backdoors-into-encrypted-communications/2015/05/18/11781b4a-fd69-11e4-833c-a2de05b6b2a4_story.html.
32. David Kaye, “Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression,” Human Rights Council, United Nations, Twenty-ninth session, Agenda item 3, advance edited version, May 22, 2015; www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomOpinion/Pages/CallForSubmission.aspx, accessed September 25, 2015.
33. The UN report refers readers to the Centre for International Governance Innovation and Chatham House, Toward a Social Compact for Digital Privacy and Security: Statement by the Global Commission on Internet Governance (2015).
34. The Social Progress Imperative, Social Progress Index 2015, April 14, 2015; www.socialprogressimperative.org/data/spi#data_table/countries/com9/dim1,dim2,dim3,com9, accessed September 24, 2015. Our ranking is derived from the component scores, not from the overall opportunity score.
35. “Regimes Seeking Ever More Information Control,” 2015 World Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders, 2015; http://index.rsf.org/#!/themes/regimes -seeking-more-control.
36. Reporters Without Borders, “Has Russia Gone So Far as to Block Wikipedia?,” August 24, 2015; https://en.rsf.org/russia-has-russia-gone-so-far-as-to-block-24-08-2015,48253.html, accessed September 25, 2015.
37. Scott Neuman, “China Arrests Nearly 200 over ‘Online Rumors,’” August 30, 2015; www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/08/30/436097645/china-arrests-nearly-200-over-online-rumors.
38. GetGems.org, September 2, 2015; http://getgems.org/.
39. “Factom: Business Processes Secured by Immutable Audit Trails on the Blockchain,” www.factom.org/faq.
40. Interview with Stephen Pair, June 11, 2015.
41. Miguel Freitas, About Twister. http://twister.net.co/?page_id=25.
42. Mark Henricks, “The Billionaire Dropout Club,” CBS MarketWatch, CBS Interactive Inc., January 24, 2011, updated January 26, 2011; www.cbsnews.com/news/the-billionaire-dropout-club/, accessed September 20, 2015.
43. Interview with Joichi Ito, August 24, 2015.
44. Ibid.
45. Interview with Melanie Swan, September 14, 2015.
46. Ibid.
47. “Introducing UNESCO: What We Are.” Web. Accessed November 28, 2015; http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/who-we-are/introducing-unesco.
Chapter 10: Overcoming Showstoppers: Ten Implementation Challenges
1. Lev Sergeyevich Termen, “Erhöhung der Sinneswahrnehmung durch Hypnose [Increase of Sense Perception Through Hypnosis],” Erinnerungen an A. F. Joffe, 1970. “Theremin, Léon,” Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2005, Encyclopedia.com, www.encyclopedia.com, accessed August 26, 2015.
2. Maciej Ceglowski, �
�Our Comrade the Electron,” speech given at Webstock 2014, St. James Theatre, Wellington, New Zealand, February 14, 2014; www.webstock.org.nz/talks/our-comrade-the-electron/, accessed August 26, 2015. Ceglowski’s talk inspired the opening of this chapter.
3. Interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, July 20, 2015.
4. Interview with Tyler Winklevoss, June 9, 2015.
5. Satoshi Nakamoto, P2pfoundation.ning.com, February 18, 2009.
6. Ken Griffith and Ian Grigg, “Bitcoin Verification Latency: The Achilles Heel for Time Sensitive Transactions,” white paper, February 3, 2014; http://iang.org/papers/BitcoinLatency.pdf, accessed July 20, 2015.
7. Interview with Izabella Kaminska, August 5, 2015.
8. Ibid.
9. Primavera De Filippi and Aaron Wright, “Decentralized Blockchain Technology and the Rise of Lex Cryptographia,” Social Sciences Research Network, March 10, 2015, 43.
10. Interview with Josh Fairfield, June 1, 2015.
11. Izabella Kaminska, “Bitcoin’s Wasted Power—and How It Could Be Used to Heat Homes,” FT Alphaville, Financial Times, September 5, 2014.
12. CIA, “The World Factbook,” www.cia.gov, 2012; http://tinyurl.com/noxwvle, accessed August 28, 2015. Note that Cyprus’s carbon gas emissions in the same period were 8.801 million metric megatons (2012).
13. “After the Bitcoin Gold Rush,” The New Republic, February 24, 2015; www.newrepublic.com/article/121089/how-small-bitcoin-miners-lose-crypto-currency-boom-bust-cycle, accessed May 15, 2015.
14. Interview with Bob Tapscott, July 28, 2015.
15. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.
16. Interview with Eric Jennings, July 10, 2015.
17. Interview with Stephen Pair, June 11, 2015.
18. Interview with Erik Voorhees, June 16, 2015.
19. Sangjin Han, “On Fair Comparison Between CPU and GPU,” blog, February 12, 2013; www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~sangjin/2013/02/12/CPU-GPU-comparison.html, accessed August 28, 2015.
20. Interview with Bob Tapscott, July 28, 2015.
21. Interview with Valery Vavilov, July 24, 2015.
22. Hass McCook, “Under the Microscope: Economic and Environmental Costs of Bitcoin Mining,” CoinDesk Ltd., June 21, 2014; www.coindesk.com/microscope-economic-environmental-costs-bitcoin-mining/, accessed August 28, 2015.
23. Interview with Bob Tapscott, July 28, 2015.
24. my-mr-wanky, eBay.com, May 8, 2014; www.ebay.com/itm/3-Cointerra-TerraMiner-IV-Bitcoin-Miner-1-6-TH-s-ASIC-Working-Units-in-Hand-/331192098368, accessed July 25, 2015.
25. “PC Recycling,” MRI of Australia, MRI (Aust) Pty Ltd. Web. August 28, 2015; http://www.mri.com.au/pc-recycling.shtml.
26. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.
27. Vitalik Buterin, “Proof of Stake: How I Learned to Love Weak Subjectivity,” Ethereum blog, November 25, 2014; https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/11/25/proof-stake-learned-love-weak-subjectivity/.
28. Stefan Thomas and Evan Schwartz, “Ripple Labs’ W3C Web Payments,” position paper, March 18, 2014; www.w3.org/2013/10/payments/papers/webpayments2014 -submission_25.pdf.
29. Interview with Austin Hill, July 22, 2015.
30. Interview with Roger Ver, April 30, 2015.
31. Satoshi Nakamoto, “Re: Bitcoin P2P E-cash Paper,” The Mail Archive, November 7, 2008; www.mail-archive.com/, http://tinyurl.com/oofvok7, accessed July 13, 2015.
32. Interview with Josh Fairfield, June 1, 2015.
33. Interview with Stephen Pair, June 11, 2015.
34. Interview with Jerry Brito, June 29, 2015.
35. Ibid.
36. Interview with Josh Fairfield, June 1, 2015.
37. Interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, July 20, 2015.
38. Interview with Izabella Kaminska, August 5, 2015.
39. Interview with Stephen Pair, June 11, 2015.
40. Andrew Vegetabile, “An Objective Look into the Impacts of Forking Blockchains Due to Malicious Actors,” The Digital Currency Council, July 9, 2015; www.digitalcurrencycouncil.com/professional/an-objective-look-into-the-impacts-of-forking-blockchains-due-to-malicious-actors/.
41. Interview with Keonne Rodriguez, May 11, 2015.
42. Vegetabile, “An Objective Look.”
43. Peter Todd, “Re: [Bitcoin-development] Fwd: Block Size Increase Requirements,” The Mail Archive, June 1, 2015; www.mail-archive.com/, http://tinyurl.com/pk4ordw, accessed August 26, 2015.
44. Satoshi Nakamoto, “Re: Bitcoin P2P E-cash Paper,” Mailing List, Cryptography, Metzger, Dowdeswell & Co. LLC, November 11, 2008. Web. July 13, 2015, www.metzdowd.com/mailman/listinfo/cryptography.
45. Pascal Bouvier, “Distributed Ledgers Part I: Bitcoin Is Dead,” FiniCulture blog, August 4, 2015; http://finiculture.com/distributed-ledgers-part-i-bitcoin-is-dead/, accessed August 28, 2015.
46. Western Union, “Company Facts,” Western Union, Western Union Holdings, Inc., December 31, 2014. Web. January 13, 2016; http://corporate.westernunion.com/Corporate_Fact_Sheet.html.
47. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.
48. Ibid.
49. Interview with Austin Hill, July 22, 2015.
50. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.
51. Andreas Antonopoulos, “Bitcoin as a Distributed Consensus Platform and the Blockchain as a Ledger of Consensus States,” interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, December 9, 2014.
52. Andy Greenberg, “Hackers Remotely Kill a Jeep on the Highway—with Me in It,” Wired, July 21, 2015.
53. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, July 28, 2015, Buenos Aires, Argentina; http://futureoflife.org/AI/open_letter_autonomous_weapons#signatories.
54. Lisa Singh, “Father of the Internet Vint Cerf’s Forecast for ‘Internet of Things,’” Washington Exec, August 17, 2015.
55. Interview with Keonne Rodriguez, May 11, 2015.
56. Ceglowski, “Our Comrade the Electron.”
57. Interview with Ann Cavoukian, September 2, 2015.
58. Ceglowski, “Our Comrade the Electron.”
59. http://www.lightspeedmagazine.com/nonfiction/interview-marc-goodman/.
60. Marc Goodman, Future Crimes: Everything Is Connected, Everyone Is Vulnerable, and What We Can Do About It (New York, Doubleday, 2015).
61. Interview with Steve Omohundro, May 28, 2015.
62. The Silver Stallion, chapter 26; www.cadaeic.net/cabell.htm, accessed October 2, 2015.
63. Interview with Yochai Benkler, August 26, 2015.
Chapter 11: Leadership for the Next Era
1. Stephan Tual, “Announcing the New Foundation Board and Executive Director,” Ethereum blog, Ethereum Foundation, July 30, 2015; https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/07/30/announcing-new-foundation-board-executive-director/, accessed December 1, 2015.
2. Ethereum: The World Computer, produced by Ethereum, YouTube, July 30, 2015; www.youtube.com/watch?v=j23HnORQXvs, accessed December 1, 2015.
3. Interview with Vitalik Buterin, September 30, 2015.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Henry VI, part 2, act 4, scene 2.
8. E-mail correspondence with Vitalik Buterin, October 1, 2015.
9. David D. Clark, “A Cloudy Crystal Ball,” presentation, IETF, July 16, 1992; http://groups.csail.mit.edu/ana/People/DDC/future_ietf_92.pdf.
10. Interview with Brian Forde, June 26, 2015.
11. Interview with Erik Voorhees, June 16, 2015; interview with Andreas Antonopolous, July 20, 2015.
12. Interview with Erik Voorhees, June 16, 2015.
13. Interview with Jim Orlando, September 28, 2015.
14. http://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-venture-capital/.
15. E-mail correspondence with Tim Draper, August 3, 2015.
16. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.
17. Ibid.
18. Interview with Brian Forde, June 26, 2015.
19. Interview with Joichi Ito, August 24, 2015.
20. Intervie
w with Jerry Brito, June 29, 2015.
21. Ibid.
22. www.cryptocoinsnews.com/us-colleges-universities-offering-bitcoin-courses-fall/.
23. Interview with Adam Draper, May 31, 2015.
24. Interview with Benjamin Lawsky, July 2, 2015.
25. Interview with Perianne Boring at Money 2020, October 26, 2015.
26. Interview with Joichi Ito, August 24, 2015.
27. Interview with Blythe Masters, July 29, 2015.
28. For a full list of all the major victories Lawsky achieved while superintendent of NYDFS, please visit www.dfs.ny.gov/reportpub/2014_annualrep_summ_mea.htm.
29. Interview with Benjamin Lawsky, July 2, 2015.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Interview with Jerry Brito, June 29, 2015.
33. Interview with Benjamin Lawsky, July 2, 2015.
34. Ibid.
35. Required reading for anyone looking for a fresh take by a typically conservative government body: www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/412/banc/rep/rep12jun15-e.pdf.
36. Ibid.
37. Interview with Senator Doug Black of Canada, July 8, 2015.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Interview with Aaron Wright, August 10, 2015.
43. Interview with Josh Fairfield, June 1, 2015.
44. The Federal Reserve was not the first national bank in the United States. The First National Bank, brought into existence by Congress in 1791, and architected by the United States’ first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton, was far more limited in scope and President Andrew Jackson ultimately dismantled its successor, the Second National Bank, in 1836.
45. Interview with Carolyn Wilkins, August 27, 2015.
46. http://qz.com/148399/ben-bernanke-bitcoin-may-hold-long-term-promise/.
47. In Canada: www.bankofcanada.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2010/11/regulation_canadian_financial.pdf; in the United States: www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_5.pdf.
48. Interview with Carolyn Wilkins, August 27, 2015.
49. “Money in a Digital World,” remarks by Carolyn Wilkins, Senior Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada, Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, November 13, 2014.
50. Interview with Carolyn Wilkins, August 27, 2015.