The Crowded Hour
Page 38
57 Roosevelt, The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 849; Davis, Notes of a War Correspondent, p. 72.
58 Cosmas, p. 222; Wells, p. 52.
Chapter 12: “Humpty-Dumpty on the Wall”
1 Richard Harding Davis, “In the Rifle Pits,” Scribner’s, December 1898, p. 644.
2 Letter from William Sanders to Mrs. Sanders, July 19, 1898, Correspondence Concerning the Death of W. H. Sanders, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
3 George Hamner file, City of Las Vegas Museum.
4 Unidentified interviewee, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
5 Joseph Wheeler, The Santiago Campaign (Boston: Lamson, Wolffe & Co., 1898), p. 274; George Hamner file, City of Las Vegas Museum; letter from William Sanders to Mrs. Sanders, July 19, 1898; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, pp. 120–21.
6 Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 124.
7 Ibid., pp. 183–219 (Appendix A: Muster Out Roll).
8 Knox cited in Freidel, p. 136; Billy McGinty file, City of Las Vegas Museum.
9 Whitney, “The Santiago Campaign,” p. 814.
10 George Kennan, “George Kennan’s Story of the War,” Outlook, July 30, 1898.
11 Freidel, p. 144.
12 Lewis Maverick, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, pp. 138–40.
13 “List of McKinley Firsts, Part 8: The Spanish-American War Was the First War to Be Managed from a White House War Room Connected to Military Headquarters in Washington, DC and the Field by Both Phone and Telegraph,” www.mckinleybirthplacemuseum.org, accessed September 28, 2018.
14 Correspondence Related to the War with Spain, p. 72; Alger, p. 173.
15 Correspondence Related to the War with Spain, p. 79.
16 Müller y Tejeiro, p. 96; Herner, p. 168.
17 Trask, pp. 261–62.
18 Captain Victor M. Concas y Palau, cited in Freidel, p. 151.
19 Chadwick, p. 138.
20 Trask, pp. 262–63; Müller y Tejeiro, pp. 102–4.
21 James Parker, Rear-Admirals Schley, Sampson and Cervera: A Review of the Naval Campaign of 1898, in Pursuit and Destruction of the Spanish Fleet, Commanded by Real-Admiral Pascual Cervera (New York: The Neale Publishing Co., 1910), pp. 192–93.
22 Ibid., p. 202.
23 Harry Huse, “On the Gloucester After the Battle,” The Century, May 1899, pp. 115–16.
24 Freidel, p. 177.
25 Müller y Tejeiro, p. 70.
26 Alger, p. 194; Correspondence Related to the War with Spain, p. 116.
27 Freidel, p. 182; John Pershing, My Life Before the World War, 1860–1917, ed. John T. Greenwood (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2013), p. 378; Knox cited in Freidel, p. 181.
28 Leslie’s Weekly, August 18, 1898, p. 135.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid.; George Hamner file, City of Las Vegas Museum.
31 George Hamner file, City of Las Vegas Museum.
32 Cosmas, p. 253; Vincent, ed., pp. 130–31.
33 Thomas Laird, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University; Kennan, Campaigning in Cuba, p. 73.
34 Washington Times, July 15, 1898; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, pp. 137–38.
35 Leslie’s Weekly, December 8, 1898, p. 451.
36 Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 150.
37 Casualty List, Rough Riders, July 1 to 3, 1898. Attachment to Report of Operations. Record Group 395, National Archives, https://catalog.archives.gov/id/301979, accessed June 2, 2018; Bonsal, The Fight for Santiago, p. 303.
38 Davis, “In the Rifle-Pits,” p. 644; Post, p. 255; Frank Norris, The Surrender of Santiago (San Francisco: Paul Elder & Co., 1917), p. 181; George Hamner file, City of Las Vegas Museum.
39 Hall, p. 210; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 147.
40 David Greenberg, The Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency. (New York: W. W. Norton, 2016), p. 15; Post, p. 203.
41 Henry Bardshar, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
42 Ibid.
43 Letter from Henry Cabot Lodge to Theodore Roosevelt, July 6, 1898, Theodore Roosevelt Papers, Library of Congress.
44 Bonsal, The Fight for Santiago, p. 388.
45 Crane, Wounds in the Rain, p. 298; Davis, The Cuban and Porto Rican Campaigns, p. 270.
46 Davis, “In the Rifle Pits,” p. 644.
47 Vincent, ed., p. 142.
48 Ibid.
49 Ibid., pp. 142–43.
50 Ibid.
51 Wells, p. 65.
52 Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 155.
53 Bonsal, The Fight for Santiago, p. 518; Freidel, p. 194; Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, p. 133; Shafter, speech to the annual banquet of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, February 22, 1899, The Members’ Annual Containing Information about the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, 1899, p. 39.
54 Norris, pp. 12–13.
55 Letter from Leonard Wood to Louise Condit-Smith, July 15, 1898, Box 190, Leonard Wood Papers, Library of Congress; Kennan, Campaigning in Cuba, p. 78.
56 Bonsal, The Fight for Santiago, p. 439.
57 Foner, p. 369; Norris, p. 19.
58 Foner, p. 370.
59 Roosevelt Diary, July 18, Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University; David Hughes, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University; Gardner, p. 216; Prentice, “The Rough Riders—Concluded,” pp. 41–44; McCurdy, p. 30; Roosevelt, The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 851 [to Lodge], p. 859 [to Alger].
60 Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, pp. 690–91; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, 159–61. Morris writes that the officer who swam with Roosevelt to the Merrimac was John Greenway, but as Mark Lee Gardner demonstrates, there is no evidence that it was him.
61 Royal Prentice, “A Rough Rider’s Recollections of the Cuban Campaign After 50 Years,” Box 1, Fray Angélico Chávez History Library; letter from Ralph McFie to May Denier, July 25, 1898, Fray Angélico Chávez History Library.
62 San Francisco Call, July 7, 1898; Lubow, p. 189.
63 “Spanish-American War Journal,” Box 1, Royal Prentice Papers, Fray Angélico Chávez History Library.
64 Ralph Paine, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 236.
65 Ralph Paine, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
66 Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 161.
67 Ibid., pp. 164–65.
68 Henry Bardshar, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
69 Ibid.
70 Roosevelt, An Autobiography, p. 501.
71 New York Times, July 29, 1898.
72 Ibid.
73 Ibid.
Chapter 13: “They Look Just Like Other Men”
1 Wells, p. 74; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 219.
2 Trask, pp. 322, 336.
3 “A Rough Rider’s Recollections of the Cuban Campaign After 50 Years,” Box 1, Royal Prentice Papers, Fray Angélico Chávez History Library; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 165.
4 Greenway, p. 41; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 166.
5 Joseph
W. Lee, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 167.
6 Ibid., p. 166.
7 Ibid., p. 168; Sherrard Coleman, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
8 Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 167.
9 Alger, p. 273.
10 Leslie’s Weekly, August 4, 1898, p. 94.
11 Alger, pp. 283, 295, 429, 450.
12 New York Times, August 5, 1898.
13 New York Times, August 6, 1898. After he left the War Department, Alger was appointed by the governor of Michigan to the United States Senate, where he died in office, in 1907.
14 New York Times, May 17, 1998.
15 Leech, p. 194; Wilbur French, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University; Detroit Free Press, August 21, 1898.
16 Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, pp. 167–68.
17 Edwin Emerson, “Life at Camp Wikoff,” Munsey’s Magazine, October 1898, pp. 256–72.
18 Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, pp. 695–97; Emerson, “Life at Camp Wikoff.”
19 Marshall, The Story of the Rough Riders, p. 240.
20 Ibid.
21 George Hamner file, City of Las Vegas Museum; Marshall, The Story of the Rough Riders, p. 241; Boston Globe, August 16, 1898.
22 Cosby, p. 139; Marshall, The Story of the Rough Riders, p. 240.
23 Emerson, “Life at Camp Wikoff”; Jeff Heatley, ed., Bully! Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, the Rough Riders and Camp Wikoff—Montauk, New York, 1898 (Wainscott, N.Y.: Pushcart Press, 1998), p. 159.
24 Emerson, “Life at Camp Wikoff”; McGinty, pp. 65–66.
25 Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 699.
26 Ibid., pp. 700–701.
27 Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 703. Coincidentally, Scribner is also the publisher of this book.
28 Emerson, “Life at Camp Wikoff.”
29 Leslie’s Weekly, October 13, 1898, p. 286; Emerson, “Life at Camp Wikoff”; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, pp. 183–219 (muster out roll); Boston Globe, August 20, 1898.
30 Emerson, “Life at Camp Wikoff”; McGinty, p. 66.
31 Vincent, ed., pp. 146–50.
32 Ibid., p. 152.
33 Ibid., pp. 154–55.
34 Summit County Beacon (Akron), August 25, 1898; Vincent, ed., p. 171; Washington Times, July 13, 1898.
35 Vincent, ed., pp. 160–68.
36 Ibid., p. 159.
37 Ibid., pp 169–70.
38 New York Tribune, August 27, 1898.
39 McGinty, p. 71.
40 New York Times, August 11, 1898.
41 New York Sun, August 31, 1898; Leslie’s Weekly, October 13, 1898; Austin Statesman, August 26, 1898.
42 Leslie’s Weekly, October 13, 1898, p. 287.
43 McCurdy, pp. 44–45.
44 Leslie’s Weekly, October 13, 1898, p. 287.
45 Boston Globe, August 10, 1898; Baltimore Sun, August 29, 1898.
46 Newport Mercury, September 3, 1898; New York Journal and Advertiser, August 30, 1898.
47 Emerson, “Life at Camp Wikoff”; Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 705; New York Sun, September 4, 1898; Anthony Gavin, “Research Materials for the Rough Riders,” Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
48 Boston Globe, September 1, 1898; New York Sun, September 4, 1898.
49 McGinty, p. 72.
50 Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 179.
51 Marshall, The Story of the Rough Riders, pp. 247–51; Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, p. 173.
52 Marshall, The Story of the Rough Riders, pp. 247–51.
53 Chicago Tribune, September 14, 1898.
54 Marshall, The Story of the Rough Riders, pp. 247–51.
Chapter 14: “The Strenuous Life”
1 Chicago Tribune, September 15, 1898.
2 Ibid.; New York Times, September 15, 16, 1898.
3 New York Times, September 18, 1898; Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 709.
4 New York Times, September 18, 1898. Presumably, the trooper meant San Juan Hill.
5 Boston Globe, September 19, 1898; New York Times, September 19, 1898; Chicago Tribune, September 22, 1898.
6 New York Times, September 22, 1898.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
9 Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 715.
10 Ibid., pp. 717, 719.
11 Ibid, p. 710.
12 Washington Post, October 6, 1898.
13 Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 720.
14 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state_election,_1898, accessed June 2, 2018.
15 William McKinley, The Speeches and Addresses of William McKinley: From March 1, 1897 to May 31, 1900 (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1900), pp. 159–64.
16 McClure and Morris cited in Louis A. Pérez Jr., The War of 1898: The United States and Cuba in History and Historiography (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), p. 41; Woodrow Wilson, A History of the American People (New York: Harper & Bros., 1902), p. 274.
17 Roosevelt, An Autobiography, p. 507.
18 Mitchell Yockelson, “ ‘I Am Entitled to the Medal of Honor and I Want It’: Theodore Roosevelt and His Quest for Glory,” Prologue 30, no. 1 (Spring 1998), https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1998/spring/roosevelt-and-medal-of-honor-1.html, accessed September 28, 2018.
19 Theodore Roosevelt, The Strenuous Life: Essays and Addresses (New York: The Century Co., 1903), pp. 1–21.
20 Ibid.
21 Cited in May, Imperial Democracy, p. 221.
22 Leech, pp. 388–90; Cosmas, pp. 308–14; Russell F. Weigley, History of the United States Army (New York: Macmillan, 1967), p. 314.
23 Clark, p. 184.
24 New York Times, September 19, 1898.
25 Matthew Oyos, In Command: Theodore Roosevelt and the American Military (Lincoln: Potomac Books, 2018), pp. 77–78, 85; New York Times, May 19, 1917.
26 Cited in Pérez, The War of 1898, p. 221.
27 Rough Riders’ Round-Up is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f87KSq2CFJU, accessed June 2, 2018.
28 Boston Globe, September 23, 1898.
29 “Frank Knox,” https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/us-people/k/knox-frank.html, accessed September 28, 2018; Kent Frates, “The Great McGinty,” True West, November 14, 2014; McGinty, pp. 154–56.
30 Cornell Magazine, July/August 1998, pp. 6–13.
31 New York Times, April 12, 1916.
32 Information about the Rough Rider reunions on display at the City of Las Vegas Museum, Las Vegas, New Mexico.
33 Impostors file, Rough Rider Collection, City of Las Vegas Museum.
34 Jesse Langdon Oral History, Columbia University.
35 Poughkeepsie Journal, June 30, 1975.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archives
City of Las Vegas Museum, Las Vegas, N.M.
Rough Rider Memorial Collection
Columbia University Oral History Collection, New York, N.Y.
Reminiscences of Jesse Langdon
Fray Angélico Chávez History Library, Santa Fe, N.M.
Alvin Ash Papers
Royal Prentice Papers
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Theodore Roosevelt Collection
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
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Leonard Wood Papers
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Barton, Clara. The Red Cross: In Peace and War. Washington, D.C.: The American Historical Press, 1906.
Bederman, Gail. Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
Beisner, Robert L. From the Old Diplomacy to the New: 1865–1900. Wheeling, Ill.: Harland Davidson, 1975.
———. Twelve Against Empire: The Anti-Imperialists, 1898–1900. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.
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———. The Real Condition of Cuba To-Day. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1897.