The Crowded Hour

by Clay Risen

  Braden, Susan R. The Architecture of Leisure: The Florida Resort Hotels of Henry Flagler and Henry Plant. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002.

  Brands, H. W. The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

  Brinkley, Douglas. The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America. New York: HarperCollins, 2009.

  Brooks, Van Wyck. The Confident Years: 1885–1915. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1952.

  Brown, Charles H. The Correspondents’ War: Journalists in the Spanish-American War. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1967.

  Bryan, William Jennings. The Life and Speeches of the Honorable William Jennings Bryan. Baltimore: R. H. Woodward, 1900.

  Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  Burton, David H. Theodore Roosevelt: Confident Imperialist. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1968.

  Carlson, Paul H. “Pecos Bill”: A Military Biography of William R. Shafter. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1989.

  Cashin, Herschel V. Under Fire with the Tenth U.S. Cavalry. New York: F. T. Neely, 1899; rpt., Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1993.

  Chadwick, French Ensor. The Relations of the United States and Spain: The Spanish-American War. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1911.

  Cheney, Albert Loren. Personal Memoirs of the Home Life of the Late Theodore Roosevelt: As Soldier, Governor, Vice President, and President, in Relation to Oyster Bay. Washington, D.C.: The Cheney Publishing Company, 1919.

  Chicago Record War Stories by Staff Correspondents in the Field. Chicago: Chicago Record, 1898.

  Clark, J. P. Preparing for War: The Emergence of the Modern U.S. Army, 1815–1917. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016.

  Coffman, Edward M. The Old Army: A Portrait of the American Army in Peacetime, 1784–1898. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

  ———. The Regulars: The American Army, 1898–1941. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004.

  Cosby, Arthur. “A Rough Rider Looks Back.” Unpublished copy available in the Hermann Hagedorn Collection, Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Harvard University.

  Cosmas, Graham A. An Army for Empire: The United States Army in the Spanish-American War. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1971.

  Crane, Stephen. Prose and Poetry. New York: Library of America, 1984.

  ———. Wounds in the Rain: War Stories. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1899.

  Creelman, James. On the Great Highway: The Wanderings and Adventures of a Special Correspondent. Boston: Lothrop Publishing Co., 1901.

  Curry, George. George Curry, 1861–1947: An Autobiography. Edited by H. B. Hening. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1958.

  Davis, Richard Harding. Adventures and Letters of Richard Harding Davis. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1917.

  ———. The Cuban and Porto Rican Campaigns. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1898.

  ———. Cuba in War Time. New York: R. H. Russell, 1897.

  ———. Notes of a War Correspondent. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1911.

  De Quesada, Alejandro. Roosevelt’s Rough Riders. New York: Osprey, 2009.

  Demolins, Edmond. Anglo-Saxon Superiority: To What It Is Due. Translated by Louis Lavigne. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1898.

  Dierks, Jack Cameron. A Leap to Arms: The Cuban Campaign of 1898. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1970.

  Downey, Fairfax. Richard Harding Davis and His Day. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1933.

  Draper, Andrew S. The Rescue of Cuba, Marking an Epoch in the Growth of Free Government. New York: Silver, Burdett & Co., 1899.

  Dyer, John P. From Shiloh to San Juan: The Life of “Fightin’ Joe” Wheeler. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1941.

  Egan, Tim. The Big Burn: Teddy Roosevelt and the Fire That Saved America. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2009.

  Eisenhower, John S. D. Teddy Roosevelt and Leonard Wood: Partners in Command. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2014.

  Emmett, Chris. In the Path of Events, with Colonel Martin Lalor Crimmins: Soldier—Naturalist—Historian. Waco, Tex.: Jones & Morrison, 1959.

  Everett, Marshall, ed. Exciting Experiences in Our Wars with Spain and the Filipinos. Chicago: The Educational Company, 1901.

  Ferrara, Orestes. The Last Spanish War: Revelations in “Diplomacy.” New York: The Paisely Press, 1937.

  Ferrer, Ada. Insurgent Cuba: Race, Nation, and Revolution, 1868–1898. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

  Fisher, Lewis F. Saving San Antonio: The Preservation of a Heritage. San Antonio: Maverick Books, 2016.

  Foner, Philip S. The Spanish-Cuban-American War and the Birth of American Imperialism, 1895–1902. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972.

  Freidel, Frank. The Splendid Little War: The Dramatic Story of the Spanish-American War. New York: Little, Brown, 1958.

  Funston, Frederick. Memories of Two Wars: Cuban and Philippine Experiences. London: Constable & Co., 1912.

  Gardner, Mark Lee. Rough Riders: Theodore Roosevelt, His Cowboy Regiment, and the Immortal Charge Up San Juan Hill. New York: William Morrow, 2016.

  Gauvreau, Charles F. Reminiscences of the Spanish-American War in Cuba and the Philippines. St. Albans, Vt.: Messenger Office Printers, 1912.

  Gilman, Bradley. Roosevelt: The Happy Warrior. Boston: Little, Brown, & Company, 1921.

  Gould, Lewis L. The Spanish-American War and President McKinley. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1982.

  Green, Constance McLaughlin. Washington: A History of the Capital, 1800–1950. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962.

  Greenberg, David. The Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016.

  Greenway, John Campbell. It Was the Grandest Sight I Ever Saw: Experiences of a Rough Rider Recorded in the Letters of Lieutenant John Campbell Greenway. Edited by Charles Herner. Tucson: Arizona Historical Society, 2001.

  Grismer, Karl H. Tampa: A History of the City of Tampa and the Tampa Bay Region of Florida. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Printing Co., 1950.

  Grondahl, Paul. I Rose Like a Rocket: The Political Education of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Free Press, 2004.

  Guthrie, C. W., ed. The First Ranger: Adventures of a Pioneer Forest Ranger. Huson, Mont.: Redwing Publishing, 1995.

  Hagedorn, Hermann. Leonard Wood: A Biography. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1931.

  ———. The Rough Riders. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1927.

  Hall, Tom. The Fun and Fighting of the Rough Riders. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1899.

  Halstead, Murat. Full Official History of the War with Spain. New Haven: Butler, 1899.

  Hancock, Harrie Irving. What One Man Saw: Being the Personal Impressions of a War Correspondent in Cuba. New York: Street & Smith, 1900.

  Harvard Crimson. Harvard Volunteers, 1898. Cambridge: Harvard Crimson, 1898.

  Healy, David. U.S. Expansionism: The Imperialist Urge in the 1890s. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1970.

  Heatley, Jeff, ed. Bully! Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, the Rough Riders and Camp Wikoff—Montauk, New York, 1898. Wainscott, N.Y.: Pushcart Press, 1998.

  Hemment, John C. Cannon and Camera: Sea and Land Battles of the Spanish-American War in Cuba. New York: Appleton & Co., 1898.

  Hendrick, Ellwood. Lewis Miller, a Biographical Essay: A Life Developing the Chatauqua Idea. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1925; rpt., Honesdale, Penn.: Boyds Mill Press, 2004.

  Herner, Charles. The Arizona Rough Riders. Prescott, Ariz.: Sharlot Hall Museum Press, 1998.

  Hero Tales of the American Soldier and Sailor, as Told by the Heroes Themselves and Their Comrades. Philadelphia: Century Manufacturing Co., 1899.

  Hofstadter, Richard. The Paranoid Style in American Politics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.
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  Hoganson, Kristin L. Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

  Hopkins, A. G. American Empire: A Global History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.

  Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957.

  Ingalls, John J. America’s War for Humanity. New York: N. D. Thompson Publishing Co., 1898.

  Jeffers, H. Paul. Colonel Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt Goes to War, 1897–1898. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

  Johnson, Edward A. History of Negro Soldiers in the Spanish-American War, and Other Items of Interest. Raleigh, N.C.: Capital Printing Co., 1899.

  Jones, Virgil Carrington. Roosevelt’s Rough Riders: The Saga of the Most Unusual American Regiment and Its Role in the Spanish-American War. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971.

  Kazin, Michael. A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan. New York: Anchor, 2007.

  Kennan, George. Campaigning in Cuba. New York: The Century Co., 1899.

  King, Moses. The Dewey Reception in New York City: Nine-Hundred and Eighty Views and Portraits. New York: M. King, 1899.

  Knokey, Jon. Theodore Roosevelt and the Making of American Leadership. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2015.

  Kreidberg, Marvin A., and Merton G. Henry. History of Military Mobilization in the United States Army, 1775–1945. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army, 1955.

  LaFeber, Walter. The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion, 1860–1898. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1963; revised, 1998.

  Landon, William H. The U.S. Army’s Deployment to the Spanish American War and Our Future Strategic Outlook. Strategy Research Project: U.S. Army War College, 1998.

  Lears, Jackson. Rebirth of a Nation: The Making of Modern America, 1877–1920. New York: Harper, 2009.

  Lee, Arthur. “A Good Innings”: The Private Papers of Viscount Lee of Fareham. Edited by Alan Clark. London: William Clowes & Sons, 1974.

  Leech, Margaret. In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper & Bros., 1959.

  Linderman, Gerald F. The Mirror of War: American Society and the Spanish-American War. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1974.

  Long, John D. America of Yesterday: The Diary of John D. Long. Edited by Lawrence Shaw Mayo. Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1923.

  ———. The Journal of John D. Long. Edited by Margaret Long. Rindge, N.H.: Richard R. Smith Publisher, 1956.

  Lubow, Arthur. The Reporter Who Would Be King: A Biography of Richard Harding Davis. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1992.

  Malin, James C. Confounded Rot About Napoleon: Reflections upon Science and Technology, Nationalism, World Depression of the Eighteen-Nineties, and Afterwards. Ann Arbor, Mich: Edwards Bros., 1961.

  Marshall, Edward. The Story of the Rough Riders, 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry: The Regiment in Camp and on the Battle Field. New York: G. W. Dillingham Co., 1899.

  May, Ernest R. American Imperialism: A Speculative Essay. New York: Atheneum, 1968.

  ———. Imperial Democracy: The Emergence of America as a Great Power. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1961.

  McCaffery, James M. Inside the Spanish-American War: A History Based on First-Person Accounts. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2009.

  McCallum, Jack. Leonard Wood: Rough Rider, Surgeon, Architect of American Imperialism. New York: New York University Press, 2006.

  McCook, Henry C. The Martial Graves of Our Fallen Heroes in Santiago de Cuba. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co., 1899.

  McCurdy, F. Allen, and J. Kirk McCurdy. Two Rough Riders. New York: F. Tennyson Neely, 1902.

  McGinty, Billy. Oklahoma Rough Rider: Bill McGinty’s Own Story. Edited by Jim Fulbright and Albert Stehno. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008.

  McIntosh, Burr. The Little I Saw of Cuba. London: F. Tennyson Neely, 1899.

  McCullough, David. Mornings on Horseback: The Story of an Extraordinary Family, a Vanished Way of Life, and the Unique Child Who Became Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981.

  McKinley, William. The Speeches and Addresses of William McKinley: From March 1, 1897 to May 31, 1900. New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1900.

  Merry, Robert W. President McKinley: Architect of the American Century. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017.

  Miles, Nelson A. Serving the Republic: Memoirs of the Civil and Military Life of Nelson A. Miles. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1911.

  Miley, John David. In Cuba with Shafter. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1899.

  Millis, Walter. The Martial Spirit: A Study of Our War with Spain. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1931.

  Morris, Edmund. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1979; revised and expanded, 2001.

  Morris, Sylvia Jukes. Edith Kermit Roosevelt: Portrait of a First Lady. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1980.

  Müller y Tejeiro, José. Battles and Capitulation of Santiago de Cuba (trans.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1899.

  Musgrave, George C. Under Three Flags in Cuba: A Personal Account of the Cuban Insurrection and Spanish-American War. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co., 1899.

  Musicant, Ivan. Empire by Default: The Spanish-American War and the Dawn of the American Century. New York: Henry Holt, 1998.

  Nasaw, David. The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.

  Ninkovich, Frank. Global Dawn: The Cultural Foundation of American Internationalism, 1865–1890. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.

  Norris, Frank. The Surrender of Santiago. San Francisco: Paul Elder & Co., 1917.

  Offner, John L. An Unwanted War: The Diplomacy of the United States and Spain over Cuba, 1895–1898. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.

  Otis, James. The Boys of ’98. Boston: Dana Estes & Co., 1898.

  Oyos, Matthew. In Command: Theodore Roosevelt and the American Military. Lincoln: Potomac Books, 2018.

  Parker, James. Rear-Admirals Schley, Sampson and Cervera: A Review of the Naval Campaign of 1898, in Pursuit and Destruction of the Spanish Fleet, Commanded by Real-Admiral Pascual Cervera. New York: The Neale Publishing Co., 1910.

  Parker, John H. The History of the Gatling Gun Detachment, Fifth Army Corps, at Santiago. Kansas City: Hudson-Kimberly Publishing Co., 1898.

  Pérez Jr., Louis A. Cuba Between Empires: 1878–1902. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1983.

  ———. The War of 1898: The United States and Cuba in History and Historiography. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

  Pershing, John. My Life Before the World War, 1860–1917. Edited by John T. Greenwood. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2013.

  Post, Charles Johnson. The Little War of Private Post: The Spanish-American War Seen Up Close. New York: Little, Brown, 1966; rpt., Bison Books, 1999.

  Pratt, Julius W. Expansionists of 1898: The Acquisition of Hawaii and the Spanish Islands. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936.

  Private St. Louis. Forty Years After. Boston: Chapman & Grimes, 1940.

  Rea, George Bronson. Facts and Fakes About Cuba: A Review of the Various Stories Circulated in the United States Concerning the Present Insurrection. New York: George Munro’s Sons, 1897.

  Rickover, George Hyman. How the Battleship Maine Was Destroyed. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1976.

  Riis, Jacob A. Theodore Roosevelt, the Citizen. New York: Macmillan, 1904.

  Robinson, Corinne Roosevelt. My Brother Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1921.

  Roosevelt, Theodore. An Autobiography. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1913; rpt., Library of America, 2004.

  ———. The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt: The Years of Preparation. Edited by Elting E. Morison. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1951.

  ———. The Rough Riders. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1899; rpt., Library of America, 2004.

  ———. Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 1884–1918. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925.

  ———. The Strenuous Life: Essays and Addresses. New York: The Century Co., 1903.

  ———. Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children. Edited by Joseph Bucklin Bishop. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1919.

  Rotundo, E. Anthony. American Manhood: Transformations in Masculinity from the Revolution to the Modern Era. New York: Basic Books, 1993.

  Samuels, Peggy, and Harold Samuels. Teddy Roosevelt at San Juan: The Making of a President. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1997.

  The Santiago Campaign: Reminiscences of the Operations for the Capture of Santiago de Cuba in the Spanish-American War, June and July 1898. Richmond: Williams Printing Co., 1927.

  Sargent, Herbert H. The Campaign of Santiago de Cuba. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co., 1907.

  Schake, Kori. Safe Passage: The Transition from British to American Hegemony. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017.

  Schlereth, Thomas J. Victorian America: Transformations in Everyday Life, 1876–1915. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.

  Sexton, Jay. The Monroe Doctrine: Empire and Nation in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Hill & Wang, 2011.

  Slotkin, Richard. Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998.

  Smith, Albert E., and Phil A. Khoury. Two Reels and a Crank: From Nickelodeon to Picture Palaces. New York: Doubleday, 1952.

  Sorrentino, Paul. Stephen Crane: A Life of Fire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2014.

  Thomas, Evan. The War Lovers: Roosevelt, Lodge, Hearst, and the Rush to Empire, 1898. New York: Little, Brown, 2010.

  Tone, John Lawrence. War and Genocide in Cuba, 1895–1898. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

  Trask, David F. The War with Spain in 1898. New York: Free Press, 1981.

  Tuchman, Barbara W. The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World Before the War, 1890–1914. New York: Macmillan, 1966.