Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis (Allen Lane History)
Page 160
Hitler, Alois (Aloys) (H’s father) 37, 80
Hitler, Klara (née Pölzl; H’s mother) 36, 37, 80
Hitler Youth 7, 51, 55, 56, 81–2, 142, 162, 704, 765, 790, 798, 808
Hoche, Dr Alfred 254
Hodges, General Courtney H. 760
Hoepner, Colonel-General Erich 359–60, 442, 455, 507, 510, 676–7, 681, 690, 692
Hofacker, Lieutenant-Colonel Cäsar von 733
Hoffmann, Heinrich 34, 36, 206, 210, 590
Hohenlychen clinic 782
Hohenlychen Red Cross hospital 633
Holland see Netherlands
Holocaust, the path to the 389
Holste, Lieutenant-General Rudolf 813, 814, 826
Holy Roman Empire 267
homosexuality 234
Höppner, SS-Sturmbannführer Rolf-Heinz 471, 475
‘Horst-Wessel-Lied’ anthem 6, 561
Horthy de Nagybánya, Nicklas 735–6
Horthy de Nagybánya, Admiral Nikolaus, regent of Hungary 366, 559, 581, 582, 584, 624, 626–8, 734, 735–6
Heß, Rudolf 837
Hoßbach, General Friedrich 32, 47, 49, 53, 54–5, 119, 758
Hoßbach meeting (1937) 49, 50, 64, 66, 87, 88, 191, 228, 343
Hotel Dreesen, Bad Godesberg 113, 114–15
Hotel Imperial, Vienna 81
Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten, Munich 138–9
Hotel Weinzinger, Linz 79–80
Hoth, Colonel-General Hermann 465–6, 543–4, 545
House of Commons, London 265–6
Hradcany Castle, Prague 518
Hradschin Castle, Prague 171–2
Hube, General Hans Valentin 629, 632, 633
Huber, Kurt 552
Hugenberg, Alfred 814
Humber estuary 598
Hungarian army 538, 549–50
Hungary 194, 624, 631, 719, 739, 756, 782, 803; Arrow Cross 734, 735, 736; changes sides 734; criminality and the black market 582; German occupation 625, 626–8; German troops leave 791; Jews 624, 628, 736; joins the Tripartite Pact 361; Nicklas Horthy kidnapped 735; oil-fields 757, 772, 788; revisionism 95, 157; and Ruthenia 157–8, 165, 166, 167; unstable alliance with Germany 734
I G Farben 11, 18, 20, 22, 132
Ibiza 43
incurably sick 235, 252–7
India 391, 456; H inspired by the Raj 401, 402, 405, 449; independence 48; industrialization 403; and Japan 326
inflation 161
Innitzer, Cardinal Theodor 81, 82
Innsbruck 141, 834
International Olympic Committee 5, 7
Iran 189, 530
Iraq 189, 381, 530
Iraqi army 381
Ireland, Republic of 189
Ironside, General William Edmund 203
Italian army: driven out of Libya 546; in German captivity 600; H’s opinion of 549, 588; troops disarmed 600; Wehrmacht’s reliance on 538
Italy: Abyssinian crisis 4, 23, 24, 65; alliance with Germany 24–6, 68; Allied landing 587, 600; annexation of Albania 193; armistice with France 299; and Austria 4, 65, 66, 68, 69; and Bolshevism 25; British 8th Army enters Naples 600; and Czechoslovakia 95, 99, 109, 193; Fascist Grand Council 593, 594, 615; German military outposts 759; H loses trust of 543; H renounces any claim to the South Tyrol 98–9; H’s state visit (1938) 98–9; invasion of Greece 331, 346, 361; ‘Pact of Steel’ with Germany 193; rearmament 25–6; signs armistice with the Allies (3 September 1943) 599, 626; Tripartite Pact (1940) 326
Jaenecke, General Erwin 631
Japan: the Anti-Comintern Pact 27; attack on Pearl Harbor (1941) 364, 442, 444, 445, 446, 448; attempts to broker a peace settlement between Germany and Russia 728–9, 730; and China 26–7; economic sanctions 443; H anticipates a victory over China 44; H places his hopes in 457; H seeks commitment to Japanese attack Singapore 363, 364; H’s approval of a German-Japanese alliance 448; H’s attitude towards 504–5; H’s view of Japan’s entry into the war 456, 516; imperial expansion 326; relations with the USA 442–3; and Russia 13; seeks an anti-Soviet alliance 193; Soviet-Japanese neutrality pact 364; Tojo replaces Konoye 443; Tripartite Pact (1940) 326
Japanese air force 443–4
Japanese General Staff 443
Japanese navy 443–4, 517
Jeckeln, Friedrich 486
Jeschonnek, Luftwaffe Chief of Staff Hans 543, 544, 545, 572
Jessen, Jens 664
‘Jewish Question’ 39, 41, 42, 136, 138, 144, 147, 235, 319, 323, 325, 350, 352, 462, 478, 570, 624, 625; and the decision to deport Jews to the east 479; first used by H in diplomatic discussions 583; Goebbels and 279, 472–3, 474, 490; Göring on 131; H ‘pitiless’ (unerbittlich) concerning 494, 510; Höppner’s memorandum 475–6; and the ‘Madagascar solution’ 321; in Poland 317, 324; police force and xliv; radicalization of thinking 318; SS involvement 86, 139
Jews: allegations against xliii, 150, 582; anti-Jewish ‘Blood Law’ 256; and the arts xlii; and Bolshevism 17, 19, 39, 42, 127, 153, 325, 339, 343, 350, 353, 354, 359, 382, 388–9, 399, 431, 461, 463, 465, 466, 620, 740, 749, 752, 781, 792; Central Office for Jewish Emigration 147–8; citizens’ behaviour in the pogrom 142–3; decision to deport Jews to the east 479–80; deportation from western Europe begins (July 1942) 493; deported to Vichy France 323–4; draconian economic measures 143–4, 148; and Edward VIII 24; enforced takeover of Jewish firms 42–3; extermination camps 147, 484; ghettos 144, 244, 249, 319–20, 464, 479, 485, 520, 583, 588, 736, 837; H aims to destroy xli, 42, 130, 150, 152–3, 253, 323, 350, 459, 482–3, 588; H attacks lack of ability and creativity 489; H’s ‘prophecy’ of 30 January 459, 473–4, 478, 479; identification mark 144, 472, 473, 474–5; Jewry and Christianity 488; ‘Madagascar solution’ 134–5, 320, 324, 349, 350, 351, 383, 470, 521; massacres by the Einsatzgruppen 463–4, 467–9; massacres by Wehrmacht soldiers 246–7; Mischlinge 148; mounting discrimination against xxxix, xl; November pogrom (1938) 136–47, 148, 249; the Number One racial and social enemy 234; refugees 145–6; Reichkristallnacht (9–10 November 1938) 130–1, 135, 142, 144, 146, 147, 148, 150, 184, 472; ‘removal’ of xliii, xliv, xlv, 1, 41, 127, 134–5, 136, 151–2, 279, 317–19, 336, 349–54, 383, 462–3, 470–74, 476–82, 493; shooting of vom Rath 136, 137; ‘territorial solution’ 462–3, 472; treatment in Austria 84–6; Ukrainian 668; see also antisemitism; ‘Final Solution’; Hitler, Adolf: antisemitism and under individual countries
Jodl, General Alfred 51, 64, 69, 94, 96, 97, 100, 101, 159, 289, 291, 302, 307, 325, 335, 353, 354, 366–7, 396, 410, 411, 414, 417, 450, 513, 532, 533, 537, 580, 591, 593, 597, 616, 639, 642, 649, 718, 719, 732, 737, 740, 741, 771, 774, 779, 803, 805, 811, 814, 816, 820, 834–5, 837
Johannmeier, Major Willi 825
Johnson, Cornelius 7
Jud Süß (antisemitic film) 423
Junge, Traudl 801, 804, 821, 823, 824, 827, 828, 833
Juno Beach 640
Jüterbog 104
Jutland 288
Kaether, Colonel Ernest 808
Kalac 530
Kalisz 758
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst 628, 689, 698, 758, 770, 776, 798, 800, 837
Kaminski Brigade 725
Kannenberg, Arthur 31
Karinhall (Göring’s country house) 571
Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary), Congress of the Sudeten German Party (April 1938) 96, 108, 109
Karlshorst 836
Karnau, Hermann 830
Kassel 137
Kattowitz 318, 767
Katyn Forest, Poland 583
Kaufmann, Gauleiter Karl 598
Kaulbach, Wilhelm von: Entry of the Sun Goddess 32
Kaunas (Kowno), Lithuania 463
Kazakhstan 477
KDP see Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands
Keitel, Field-Marshall Wilhelm 52–3, 57, 70, 72, 75, 76, 78, 81, 94, 97, 99, 101, 159, 170, 214, 215, 219, 231, 245, 246, 269, 294, 298, 299, 312, 345, 350, 356, 357, 396, 405, 414, 465, 525, 532, 533, 566, 578, 618, 619, 642, 644, 650, 671, 672, 674, 676, 677, 678, 687, 688, 723, 733, 774, 779, 787,
788, 798, 799, 803, 805, 814, 816, 820, 825, 834–5, 836, 837; in the Committee of Three 568, 569, 570
Kempka, Erich 32, 660, 827, 829–30
Keppler, Wilhelm 45–6, 66, 72, 77, 78, 81
Kerch peninsula 455, 514, 515, 518
Kerrl, Hanns 11, 40, 256
Kesselring, Field-Marshal Albert 452, 533, 580, 581, 593, 597, 599, 617, 760, 788, 792, 834
Ketzin 809
Kharkhov 409, 410, 416, 515, 518, 524, 578, 581
Kiel 504
Kielce, Poland 769
Kießel, SS-Obersturmbannführer Georg 690, 691
Kiev 400, 410, 413, 414–15, 434, 468; ‘Battle of Kiev’ 403, 417, 419; recaptured 603
Killy, Leo 568
Kirkpatrick, Ivone 116, 371, 377, 378
Kleist, Lieutenant Ewald Heinrich von 670
Kleist, General Ewald von 439, 441, 630, 670
Klemperer, Victor 8–9, 474, 766
Kiessheim Castle, near Salzburg 513, 514, 581, 582, 626, 633, 640, 670
Kluge, Field-Marshal Günther von 450, 451, 452, 454, 455, 456, 531, 559, 579, 592, 596, 597, 600, 649, 661, 667, 670, 678, 696, 717, 719, 720–22
Knappertsbusch, Hans 512, 513, 632
Koblenz 760
Koch, Gauleiter Erich 261, 406, 715, 779, 837–8
Koch, Robert 470
Koeppen, Werner 433, 478
Kolberg 782, 788
Kolberg (film) 713, 782
Koller, General Karl 635, 739, 799, 801, 804, 807, 812
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) xxxvi, xxxvii, 211, 272
Konev, Marshal Ivan 756, 793, 802, 809
Königgrätz 433
Königsberg, East Prussia 82, 210, 684, 738, 759, 762, 788, 791
Königsbronn, Württemberg 271, 272
Königswusterhausen 802
Konoye, Prince 443
Konstanz 273, 274
Koppe, Wilhelm 252, 261, 316, 319, 484, 838
Kordt, Erich 262, 269
Kordt, Theo 262
Korherr, Dr Richard 521, 583
Körner, Theodor 561
Korps Holste 826
Korten, General Günther 650, 674
Kowno, Lithuania 176, 398, 464, 485
Krampnitz 805
Krauch, Karl 11
Krause, Karl 31, 32
Krebs, General Hans 788, 798, 802, 803, 806, 811–14, 816, 823, 825, 827, 830–33
Kreipe, General Werner 739
Kreisau Circle 665, 666, 668, 690
Kreyssig, Lothar 253–4
Kritzinger, Friedrich Wilhelm 568
Kroll Opera House 168, 303
Kronstadt 408
Krüger, Else 833
Krüger, Wilhelm 316
Krupp 132, 231, 242
Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Gustav 26
Kuban 529, 600
Kube, Wilhelm 406–7, 486
Kubis, Jan 519
Kubizek, August 30, 198, 306
Küchler, Colonel-General Georg von 359–60
Kunz, Helmut Gustav 833
Kurhessen 138
Kursk 526, 579, 592, 596
Küstrin 759, 788, 793
Kvaternik, Marshal Sladko 470, 471
labour see under employment
Lagarde, Paul de 320
Lake Balaton 758, 788
Lake Ladoga 531
Lambach 197
Lammers, Hans Heinrich 32, 186, 187, 219, 236, 245, 256, 259, 312, 313, 314, 405, 427, 428, 567, 568, 570, 574, 708, 709, 711, 715, 807; in the Committee of Three 568, 570, 574; loses access to H 716; and the Prussian Finance Ministry 575
Landkreise (local government districts) 574
Landsberg am Lech fortress, H interned in 31, 377
Lange, Herbert 484
Lange, SS-Sturmbannführer Dr Otto 485, 492
Langenheim, Adolf 14, 15
Lansbury, George 29
Lanz, General Hubert 660
Las Palmas 14
Latin America 146
Lattre de Tassigny, Jean de 836
Latvia 194, 393, 757; Latvian Jews 485
Laval, Pierre 328–31, 541, 542, 582
Leader cult see Führer cult
League of Nations 201; German withdrawal (1933) 87
Lebensboden (basis of life) 448
Lebensraum see ‘living-space’
Leeb, Field Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von 266, 270, 345, 393–4, 408, 455, 659
Left: internally in disarray xv; repression of xxxviii, xxxix, xl
Léger, Alexis 121
Legion Condor 17, 70
Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler 32, 33, 78, 787
Leipa, Czechoslovakia 171
Leipzig 761
Leipziger Gewandhaus 512
Leitgen, Alfred 372
Lemberg 380
Lenbach, Franz von 183
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich xvii
Leningrad 345, 346, 393–4, 400, 408, 410, 413, 416, 419, 439, 477, 480–81, 499, 531, 534
Leonding, near Linz 80
Leopold, Captain Josef 72–3
Leopold III, King of Belgium 295
Leuna 761
Leuthen, Battle of (1757) 811
Ley, Robert 313, 350, 374, 563, 569, 571, 573, 699, 774, 836
Libya 347, 523, 539, 546
Lidice 519
Liebmann, General Curt 59, 209
Liège 290
Lindemann, General Georg 650
Lindloff, Ewald 830–31
Linge, Heinz 674, 727, 777, 797, 798, 816, 828, 829, 830, 833
Linz 78–81, 161, 197, 198, 302, 365, 512, 709, 821, 834; model of 777–8
Lipski, Ambassador Jozef 177, 221
List, Field-Marshal Wilhelm 366, 529–33
Liszt, Franz 398
Lithuania 43, 175, 176, 238, 351, 393, 463–4, 714
Litvinov, Maxim 195
living standards xl, 9, 48, 272, 274
‘living-space’ (Lebensraum) xliv, 21, 37, 47–8, 49, 88, 98, 100, 101, 172, 185, 188, 191, 233, 238, 275, 305, 336, 337, 343, 378, 403, 406, 514, 582; see also eastern expansion; expansionism