Young Eliot
Page 71
Residence in England: curtailed visit to Germany (1914); arrives in England from Germany (1914); meets Bertrand Russell in London; meets Ezra Pound in London; goes up to Merton College, Oxford; spends Christmas, 1914 in London; visits Swanage, Dorset (1914); fails to meet F. H. Bradley at Merton College; studies philosophy with Harold Joachim; takes up rowing at Oxford; doctoral thesis on F. H. Bradley; reads ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ to the ‘Coterie’ (Oxford poetry-reading group); gives talk to ‘Heretics’ in Cambridge, England; meets Wyndham Lewis; first publication of his poems in a book (Catholic Anthology, 1915); meets Vivien Haigh-Wood; resigns from teaching post at Harvard; marries Vivien Haigh-Wood; uses the name Stearns-Eliot; literary and artistic introductions by Ezra Pound; adjusts to married life; takes on teaching post at Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe; visits America after his marriage; ‘honeymoon’ in Eastbourne; dependency on Bertrand Russell; teaching post at Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe; mixes with the Bloomsbury set; teaching post at Highgate Junior School; meets Lady Ottoline Morrell; cancels visit to America for his doctoral presentation; moves into flat in Crawford Mansions; visits Garsington; publishes articles in the Monist; review writing; rents house in Bosham, West Sussex; takes on evening lecturing posts; publishes Prufrock and Other Observations; difficulties in his relationship with Vivien; rents Senhurst Farm jointly with Bertrand Russell; friendship with Ezra Pound; relationship with Mary Hutchinson; takes position at Lloyds Bank, London; becomes assistant editor at the Egoist; writes poetry in French; writes booklet on Ezra Pound’s poetry; rents house in Marlow jointly with Bertrand Russell; tries to enrol for military service; visits Bertrand Russell in prison; edits Pound’s poetry; relationship with Vivien; meets Virginia Woolf; death of father; physical collapse and begins writing ‘Gerontion’; owns a dog; publishes Poems with the Hogarth Press (1919); holiday in France with Ezra Pound (1919); grows a beard; Ara Vos Prec published by John Rodker (1920); subscribes to the London Library; visits Paris with Vivien (1920); rivalry with Ezra Pound; visits France with Wyndham Lewis; meets James Joyce in Paris; moves to flat in Clarence Gate Gardens; relationship with Virginia Woolf; uses pen-name ‘Gus Krutzsch’; begins composition of The Waste Land; visit of his mother, brother and sister to England; sees Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring; approached to be editor of Criterion; sees a nerve specialist; takes break in Margate for his health; writes rough draft of Part III of The Waste Land in Margate; travels to Lausanne for treatment with Dr Vittoz; continues composition of The Waste Land in Lausanne; completes The Waste Land and dedicates it to Ezra Pound; moves to Wigmore Street; reported to use violet powder on his skin; takes break in Royal Tunbridge Wells for his health; treated to vacation in Lugano, Switzerland by father-in-law; accused of profiting unfairly from ‘Bel Esprit’ scheme; awarded Dial’s $2,000 prize; reads The Waste Land to Virginia Woolf
Character and characteristics: anxiety about masculinity; anxiety about sexuality; appearance; childhood anxieties about the body; critical judgements of others; editorial astuteness; interest in natural science; interest in ragtime and music hall; language proficiency; love of childish jokes; musical tastes; nostalgia for America; plays chess; punctiliousness; self-consciousness about ears; sexual gaucheness; sexuality; shyness; speaking voice/speech
Health: assessed for military service; breathing and nasal problems; headaches and sciatica; hernia and wearing of a truss; links between illness and creativity; lung problems; minor ailments; mother’s anxiety for; ‘nervous sexual attacks’; nervous strain; neuralgia; ‘neurasthenic’; operation on his nose; rheumatism; scarlet fever; suffers from ‘cerebral anaemia’ in Munich; treatment by Dr Vittoz for nervous problems; weight loss
Literary influences: Aiken, Conrad; Andrewes, Lancelot; Aristophanes; Arthurian myths and the Grail quest; Augustine, St; Baudelaire, Charles; Bhagavad Gita; Browning, Robert; Burns, Robert; Byron, George Gordon, Lord; Carroll, Lewis; Cocteau, Jean; Conan Doyle, Arthur; Conrad, Joseph; Dante; Davidson, John; Dickens, Charles; Donne, John; Dryden, John; Fitzgerald, Edward; French Symbolists; Gautier, Théophile; Goldsmith, Oliver; Gourmont, Rémy de; Hawthorne, Nathaniel; Heraclitus; The Ingoldsby Legends; James, Henry; Jonson, Ben; Joyce, James; Keats, John; Khayyám, Omar; Kipling, Rudyard; Kyd, Thomas; La Rochefoucauld, François de; Laforgue, Jules; Lear, Edward; Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth; Lowell, James Russell; Mallarmé, Stéphane; Malory, Sir Thomas; Marvell, Andrew; Maurras, Charles; Milton, John; Nerval, Gérard de; Ovid; Petronius; Philippe, Charles-Louis; Poe, Edgar Allan; Pope, Alexander; Pound, Ezra; Reid, Mayne; Renaissance drama; Rossetti, Dante Gabriel; Shakespeare, William; Shelley, Percy Bysshe; Spenser, Edmund; Stendhal; Stevenson, Robert Louis; Stoker, Bram; Swinburne, Algernon Charles; Tennyson, Alfred, Lord; Upanishads; Verlaine, Paul; Virgil; Wagner, Richard; Webster, John; Xenophon
Religious influences: early reading about non-Christian religion; fascination with martyrdom; interest in Buddhism and Eastern thought; interest in Catholicism; interest in mysticism; Puritan family influence; religious anxiety; and scepticism; Unitarian background
Views and comments: on academic life; admiration for Ezra Pound’s poetry; anti-Semitism; on being American in England; on Bertrand Russell; on Browning; on the composition of poetry; on Cubism; on difficulty in poetry; on the English; on English literary life; on English women; francophilia; on Henry James; on his early commitment to poetry; on his literary success; on his marriage; on his New England ancestry; on his responsibility towards Vivien; on his sense of displacement; on the influence of his grandfather; on James Joyce’s Ulysses; on Katherine Mansfield; on marriage; on national cultural identity; and Norbert Wiener’s ‘Relativism’; on Paris; on studying Indian philosophy; on Virginia Woolf; on war; on writing The Waste Land
Poetic works: see separate entries for ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ and The Waste Land; ‘Ballade pour la grosse Lulu’ (1911); ‘The Boston Evening Transcript’; ‘Burbank with a Baedeker: Bleistein with a Cigar’; ‘The Confidential Clerk’; ‘Conversation Galante’; ‘A Cooking Egg’; ‘Dans le Restaurant’; ‘The Death of Saint Narcissus’; ‘The Death of the Duchess’; ‘Eeldrop and Appleplex’ (short story); ‘Entretien dans un parc’; Four Quartets; ‘Gerontion’; ‘The Hippopotamus’; ‘The Hollow Men’; ‘Hysteria’; ‘Interlude in London’ (1911); ‘La Figlia Che Piange’; ‘Le Spectateur’ (later retitled ‘Le Directeur’); ‘The Love Song of St Sebastian’; ‘Lune de Miel’; ‘Marina’; ‘Mélange Adultère de Tout’; ‘Morning at the Window’; ‘Mr Apollinax’; ‘Mr Eliot’s Sunday Morning Service’; Murder in the Cathedral; ‘Nocturne’ (1909); ‘Ode on Independence Day, July 4th 1918’ 232; ‘Opera’ (1909); ‘Petit Epître’; ‘Portrait of a Lady’; ‘Preludes’; ‘Reflections on Vers Libre’ (essay); ‘Rhapsody on a Windy Night’; ‘Song to the Opherian’; ‘Spleen’; ‘Suppressed Complex’; ‘Sweeney Agonistes’; ‘Sweeney Among the Nightingales’; ‘Sweeney Erect’; ‘Tristan Corbière’; ‘The Triumph of Bullshit’; ‘Whispers of Immortality’
Prose works: Ezra Pound: His Metric and Poetry (1918); ‘The Lesson of Baudelaire’; ‘London Letters’ (written for Dial magazine); The Sacred Wood; Selected Essays (1932); ‘Tradition and the Individual Talent’; ‘Ulysses, Order, and Myth’
Eliot, Valerie (née Fletcher)
Eliot, Vivien (née Haigh-Wood): characteristics and background; engagement with Charles Buckle; relationship with Scofield Thayer; meets TSE; marries TSE; belief in TSE’s literary genius; persuades TSE to stay in England; ‘honeymoon’ in Eastbourne; relationship with Bertrand Russell; takes dance lessons; fears for TSE joining up; corresponds with TSE’s mother; attempts career as an actress; spends time in a nursing home; unwillingness to travel to America; and The Waste Land; meets TSE’s mother; makes appointment for TSE with nerve specialist; proposes name for Criterion; Aldous Huxley on; Bertrand Russell on; Lady Ottoline Morrell on; Virginia Woolf on
Ill-health: childhood tuberculosis; colitis; dental work; doctors unable to diagnose; exhaustion, insomnia,
mental strain; eye problems; falls ill immediately after marriage; fever; laryngitis; manipulative use of; migraines; mood swings as a girl; nervous complaints; neuralgia; physically undeveloped; rheumatism; treatments for; TSE blames himself for; TSE’s mother gives advice on; Aldous Huxley on; Henry Eliot on
Eliot, William Greenleaf (TSE’s grandfather)
Elkin Matthews (publisher)
Ellmann, Richard
Ellwood, Charles Abraham
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
English Review (journal)
Epstein, Jacob
Epstein, Jean, La Poésie d’aujourd’hui
Etchells, Frederick
Eucken, Rudolf Christoph
Fabian Society
Fauchois, René
Finck, Hermann
Fitzgerald, Edward, Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám
Flaubert, Gustave
Fletcher, Graham Bruce
Fletcher, John Gould
Flint, F. S.
Fokine, Mikhail
Forbes, Edward Waldo
Ford, Ford Madox (Ford Hermann Hueffer)
France, Anatole
Franke, Kuno
Frazer, J. G.; The Golden Bough
Freud, Sigmund
Frost, Robert
Fry, Roger
Fuller, Benjamin Apthorpe
Gardner, Isabella Stewart
Garsington, Oxfordshire
Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri
George V, King of England
Gertler, Mark
Gide, André
Gilbert, Charles
Gloucester, Massachusetts
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
Gold, Matthew
Goldsmith, Oliver
Goossens, Eugene
Gordon, Lyndall
Gosse, Sir Edmund
Gourmont, Rémy de
Gozzaldi, Amy de
Grant, Duncan
Graves, Robert
Griffin, Nicholas
Haigh-Wood, Charles
Haigh-Wood, Maurice; war experiences
Haigh-Wood, Vivien: see Eliot, Vivien (née Haigh-Wood)
Hale, Edward Everett
Hale, Emily: background and upbringing; in the Cambridge Social Dramatic Club; TSE falls in love with; writes to TSE; TSE sends roses to; TSE still in love with when he marries Vivien; TSE asks Eleanor Hinkley for news of; TSE writes to
Hall, Dick
Hallowell, Robert Canby
Happich family
Hargrove, Nancy
Harris, W. T.
Harvard University; Fogg Museum; Harvard faculty; Harvard Union
Hatch, Roger Conant
Hawthorne, Nathaniel
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle)
Held, Anna
Heraclitus
Herbert, George
Hesse, Hermann
Hinkley, Barbara
Hinkley, Eleanor (TSE’s cousin): summers in Gloucester, Massachusetts with TSE; neighbour of TSE in Cambridge, Massachusetts; interest in drama; introduces TSE to Emily Hale; TSE’s correspondence with
Hocking, William Ernest
Hoernlé, R. F. A.
Hogarth Press
Holt, Edwin B.
Homer, Winslow
Horne, Edward Hastings
Horne, John Van
Hosmer, James Kendall
Howarth, Herbert
Hueffer, Ford Hermann: see Ford, Ford Madox
Hugo, Jean
Hulme, T. E.
Hume, David
Huneker, James
Hunt, Edward Eyre
Huntington, E. V.
Husserl, Edmund
Hutchinson, Barbara
Hutchinson, Jack
Hutchinson, Jeremy
Hutchinson, Mary: at Bosham, West Sussex; relationship with Clive Bell; relationship with TSE; admires Prufrock and Other Observations; friendship with Vivien Eliot; TSE publishes short story by; supplies TSE’s address to Virginia Woolf; sexuality; on TSE; and Ezra Pound’s ‘Bel Esprit’ scheme; on The Waste Land
Huxley, Aldous; on Vivien Eliot
Huxley, Julian
Huxley, Juliette
Huysmans, Joris-Karl
Imagism
Inge, W. R.
International Journal of Ethics
James, Henry
James, William
Janet, Pierre
Jepson, Edgar
Jerome, Jerome K.
Joachim, Harold
Johnston, J. A. H.
Jones, David
Jones, Jane
Jones, Stephen
Jonson, Ben
Joplin, Scott
Jourdain, Philip
Journal of Speculative Philosophy
Joyce, James; TSE’s admiration for; meets TSE in Paris; TSE on; A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man; Ulysses
Julius, Anthony
Kant, Immanuel
Kaufmann, Julia Juvet
Keith, Elmer
Kelly, E. H.
Keynes, John Maynard
King, Henry
King, Willie
Kingsley, Charles
Kipling, Rudyard
Kite, Thomas Brown
Kittredge, George Lyman
Knopf, Alfred A. (publisher): publishes TSE’s booklet on Ezra Pound; turns down Prufrock and Other Observations; turns down book of prose criticism; publishes Poems (1920); publishes The Sacred Wood; turns down opportunity to publish The Waste Land
Kyd, Thomas, The Spanish Tragedy
La Rochefoucauld, François de
La Rose, Pierre
Laforgue, Jules
Lake, Frederick Clinton
Lambert, Gerard
Langfeld, Herbert Sidney
Lanman, Charles Rockwell
Larbaud, Valéry
Larisch, Marie
Lawrence, D. H.
Lear, Edward
Léautaud, Paul, Poètes d’Aujourd’hui
Lesourd, Homer W.
Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien
Lewis, Wyndham: and Blast magazine; first impression of TSE; unwillingness to publish ‘offensive’ material; exhibits in the Second London Group Exhibition (1915); TSE socialises with in London; planned New York Vorticist exhibition; serves in the First World War; sexually explicit story published in the Little Review; TSE’s admiration for; TSE arranges contribution to the Athenaeum; and Tyro magazine; meets James Joyce in Paris with TSE; holidays in France with TSE; TSE’s friendship with; TSE shows The Waste Land to
Lionberger, Isaac H.
Lionberger, Margaret
Lippi, Fillippo
Lippman, Walter
Literary World (journal)
Little, Clarence
Little, Leon Magaw
Little Review (Chicago journal)
Liveright, Horace
Liverpool Daily Post and Mercury
Lloyd, Marie
Lloyd George, David
Lockwood, Ellen Dean
Loeb, James
Loisy, Alfred
London Library
Long, Haniel
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth
Loti, Pierre
‘Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The’: TSE completes while in Munich (1911); TSE shows to Conrad Aiken; TSE reads aloud to the ‘Coterie’ (Oxford poetry reading group); published in Poetry magazine (1915); published in Prufrock and Other Observations; read aloud by Katherine Mansfield;
Themes and influences: anxieties about masculinity; Arthur Symons and Laforgue; Charles-Louis Philippe’s Bubu de Montparnasse; criticism of James Huneker; fog imagery in; influence of Laforgue; The Ingoldsby Legends; ‘Interlude in London’; Jean Verdenal; name taken from St Louis Prufrock Furniture Co.; Oscar Wilde’s Salomé; ‘Pervigilium Veneris’; poetic form; Seeger’s translation of Dante’s Inferno; sense of age; title anticipated by Longfellow’s ‘The Courtship of Miles Standish’; TSE’s study of Italian art
Lovejoy, A. O.
Lowell, Abbott Lawrence
Lowell, Amy
/>
Lowell, James Russell
Lugano, Switzerland
Lynd, Robert
MacAvity, Ronald A.
MacCarthy, Molly
MacDiarmid, Hugh
Mackenzie, Compton
MacVeagh, Rogers
Mahler, Jacob
Mallarmé, Stéphane
Malleson, Lady Constance
Malleson, Miles
Malory, Sir Thomas, Morte d’Arthur
‘Mama Lou’ (Letitia Lula Agatha Fontaine)
Man Ray
Manchester Guardian
Manning, Frederic
Mansfield, Katherine; reads ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ aloud at Garsington; ill-health; on TSE; dislike of Vivien; Vivien’s dislike for; TSE criticises to Ezra Pound
Marburg, Germany
Marc, Franz
Marsden, Dora
Marvell, Andrew
Massine, Léonide
Matisse, Henri
Matthews, Steven
Matthews, T. S.
Maurras, Charles
McAlmon, Robert
McCarthy, Desmond
McKittrick, Thomas (‘Tom Kick’)
McLennan, John Ferguson
McVeagh, Lincoln
Melville, Henry
Merrick, Leonard
Merton College, Oxford
Methuen, Sir Algernon
Meyerstein, E. H. W.
Miller, James E.
Milton, John, Samson Agonistes
Milton Academy, Massachusetts
Moffatt, Adeleine
Monist (journal)
Monk, Ray
Monro, Harold
Monroe, Harriet
Montmorand, Maxime Bernier de
Moore, Clifford Herschel
Moore, Marianne
Moore, T. Sturge
More, Paul Elmer
Morgenstern, John
Morrell, Lady Ottoline; TSE meets in London; depicted by D. H. Lawrence in Women in Love; encourages publication of TSE’s poetry; and Garsington; Henry Eliot on; and plans to raise an Eliot Fellowship Fund; recommends Dr Vittoz to TSE; on TSE; and Vivien Eliot