BLAIR’S BRITAIN, 1997–2007
Page 107
Excellence in Cities, 412, 426–7
Rights, 106, 108, 311–12, 547, 641
Exchange Rate Mechanism, 36–7, 129,
European elections, 37, 38–9, 111, 145,
188, 192, 595
541
executive. See central government
European Union
assessment of Blair years, 548–50,
Fabians, 167–8
637
Fair Trade, 553, 575
Blair alliances, 539, 548
Falconer, Lord, 118, 120, 292–3, 295–6,
Blair approach, 601, 603–4, 612, 633,
300, 308, 413
647–8
Falklands War, 617
Blair failures, 7, 538–44, 636
Faslane, 504–5
Blair successes, 535–8
Faulkner, Brian, 519
Blair years, 531–5
feudalism, 499
climate change, 584–5, 590
Field, Richard, 292
Common Agricultural Policy, 532,
finance
544
City of London, 215
competition policy, 545–6
international capital, 215, 217, 238,
Conservative legacy, 530–1, 595, 645
279
constitutional reform and, 547–8
Financial Services Authority, 194, 198
Constitutional Treaty, 114, 537–8,
fingerprinting, 327, 355
541, 542, 549, 612
Finland, 188, 237
Firth, John, 225–6
fuel protests, 128, 242, 245–6, 266, 579
Fitt, Gerry, 519
Fulton Report, 79
Fitzgerald, Garret, 510
Flynn, Don, 349, 353
G7/G8, 555, 562, 563, 564, 565, 567,
Foley, Michael, 148
568, 570, 575, 577, 580, 588, 590,
Foot, Michael, 40, 105
601, 608, 648
foot-and-mouth crisis, 589
Gaber, Ivor, 140
Ford, Peter, 253
Gaitskell, Hugh, 9, 10, 156, 173–4
foreign policy
Gamble, Andrew, 13
9/11 aftermath, 604–5
Gates, Bill, 204
Afghanistan. See Afghanistan
Geldof, Bob, 564, 568
Atlanticism, 13, 533, 540, 549, 596,
gender recognition, 108
601–2, 625–8, 644
general elections
Blair worldview, 597–603, 613,
1983, 36, 40
633–5
1992, 36, 37, 171, 448
Conservative legacy, 593–7
1997, 38, 131, 144, 165, 182, 218–19,
early successes, 603–5
220, 409–10
ethics, 598–9, 613, 620
2001, 47, 53, 86, 131, 650
evaluation, 609–14
2005, 39, 52, 131–2, 135, 144, 445,
failures, 12–13, 609
448, 650
Iraq. See Iraq; Iraq War
Blair success, 9–10, 35, 144
Kosovo. See Kosovo
perceptions of New Labour, 40–7
leadership, 601, 604, 612, 633, 636
General Teaching Council, 374–5
liberal intervention. See
Germany
humanitarian interventions
asylum-seekers, 346
public opinion, 438, 611
crime trends, 338
realist tradition, 593, 595, 597, 599
economy, 187, 236, 281
Sierra Leone, 601, 604, 616, 625
electoral system, 490
France
European Union, 538–9
economy, 187, 236, 281
foreign policy, 594
EU and, 538, 538–9, 594, 625
health care, 388, 398
health care, 398
Iraq War and, 13, 534, 607, 642
Iraq and, 13, 534, 594, 607, 628, 642
Middle East policy, 604
Middle East policy, 604
productivity, 237, 283, 284
productivity, 236, 237, 283, 284
public opinion, 442
Sangatte, 342, 343
social democracy, 173
social democracy, 173
UK Atlanticism and, 596
UK Atlanticism and, 596
unemployment, 193, 543
unemployment, 193, 543
Gershon Review, 96, 97
fraud trials, 302
Ghana, 559
Frayling, Christopher, 462
Gilbert, Christine, 375
freedom of expression, 312
Gilligan, Andrew, 137, 138, 461
freedom of information, 106, 112,
Gladstone, William, 179, 487, 503,
115–16, 119, 445
634
Friedman, Milton, 198
Gleneagles Summit, 552, 564, 565, 575,
Friends of the Earth, 592
577, 580, 585, 588, 589–90, 608–9,
fuel duty, 128, 244, 245, 574, 578–9,
641, 648
582
Global Opportunities Fund, 556
globalisation, 173–5, 182, 214, 215,
health service
216, 239, 275, 279, 556, 598, 613,
accident and emergency, 401–2, 405
616
achievements, 389–97
gold reserves, 199, 202
assessment, 404–7
Goldsmith, Peter, 293, 300, 301
Blair policy phases, 385–9
Goody, Jade, 464
choice, 393, 400–1, 405, 406, 452
Gordon, D., 195
competition, 387, 388, 399, 402, 452
Gordon, General, 487
computer project, 204, 207, 211
Gordon Walker, Patrick, 173
devolution, 177, 500, 506
Gore, Al, 465, 575
doctors’ pay, 203, 204, 393
Gould, Bryan, 275
financial deficits, 388–9
Gould, Philip, 10, 144, 333–4
foundation hospitals, 8, 65, 67, 388,
government
452
See also devolution
funding increase, 179–80, 204, 211,
central. See central government
390–3, 404, 405, 444, 641, 642
local. See local government
funding pressures, 402–4
trust in, 12, 122, 444–9
health inequalities, 395, 428–30
Grabiner, Tony, 293
immigrant staff, 562
Graham, Alistair, 445–6
improved outcomes, 390, 401–2
Gray, John, 169
independent treatment centres, 387,
Greenpeace, 576, 580
388, 392, 403, 404
Greens, 146, 493, 576
information technology, 397
Gulf War (1991), 594, 618
internal market, 5, 404
international comparisons, 397–400
Hague, William, 10, 108, 121, 144,
managerialism, 231, 389
149
medication, 441–2
Hain, Peter, 20, 116, 160, 526
NHS University, 479
Haiti, 594
PFI, 391–3, 402–3, 404
Hale, Baroness, 297, 298
primary care, 399–400, 402
Hale, Brenda, 297
private contractors, 156
Hall, R., 204
public health, 395–6
Hallett, Heather, 297
public opinion, 47, 243, 389, 450–2,
Hamlyn, Paul, 159
460–1
Hammond, Richard, 241, 264
quality of care, 406
Hampton Review, 96
reorganisations, 11
Hansard So
ciety, 18
spin, 12
happiness, 441–2
staffing increases, 393–4, 406
Harman, Harriet, 300
targets, 387
Hart, Gary, 292
waiting times, 390, 393, 400, 402,
Harvie, Christopher, 506
405, 500
Hattersley, Roy, 25, 165
Wanless Review, 98
Hatton, Derek, 504
Heath, Edward, 55, 200, 208, 223, 510,
Haughey, Charles, 511
517
Hayek, Friedrich von, 168
Hennessy, Peter, 83, 103
Hayman, Baroness, 113
Heseltine, Michael, 9
Healey, Dennis, 160, 171, 172
Hewart, Lord, 316
Healey, John, 75
Hewitt, Patricia, 333–4, 372
health and safety at work, 231
Heywood, Jeremy, 9, 650
Hill, David, 139–40, 141
Hughes, Beverley, 353
Hizbollah, 612
Huhne, Chris, 582–3
Hobhouse, Lord, 315
human rights
Hobsbawm, Eric, 168
armed forces and, 630
Hodge, Henry, 293
asylum-seekers, 292, 347–8
Hodge, Margaret, 293, 470
criminal justice and, 327–8
Home Office
declarations of incompatibility, 108,
break-up, 118, 332, 360
311
foreign prisoners fiasco, 162, 334,
detention without trial, 312–13, 329
358
executive v. judiciary, 117–19,
reorganisation, 11
311–13
honours, cash for, 11–12, 110, 159,
Human Rights Act, 108, 115, 292,
301, 639
641
Hoon, Geoff, 20, 461, 626
Labour manifesto, 106
Hoskyns, John, 9
sovereignty and, 641
House of Commons
humanitarian interventions, 487,
See also Members of Parliament
513–14, 600, 602–4, 610–11,
acquiescence, 16, 25
615–16, 618, 626, 634–5, 643,
backbench rebellion, 25–8, 34,
645–6
151–2
Hume, David, 510, 511, 519–20
decline, 16, 25, 33
Humphrys, John, 137
legislation timetabling, 22
Hurd, Douglas, 9, 105, 182
Liaison Committee, 23
Hutt, Janet, 500–1
modernisation, 16, 17, 18–22
Hutton, John, 649
Prime Minister’s Questions, 16, 23,
Hutton, Will, 254
133
Hutton Inquiry, 137–8, 308, 640
select committees, 20
Hyman, Peter, 8
standing committees, 21
West Lothian Question, 503–4
Iceland, 197
win set of status quo, 497–8
ID cards, 346, 355
House of Lords
IMF, 170, 171, 217, 565, 567
abolition, 105
immigration
Appellate Committee, 294, 295
See also asylum-seekers
Appointments Commission, 110
benefits/threat discourse, 350, 352,
government defeats, 31–3
354–6, 359
Labour manifesto, 106
Blair effect, 358–60
reforms, 16–17, 30–1, 106, 108–9,
citizenship, 357, 359
115, 116, 119, 120, 641
Conservative legacy, 314, 342
representativeness, 32
criminalisation, 331, 355
Salisbury Convention, 32
Eastern Europeans, 352–3, 536
housing
EU policy, 356
crime control policies, 331
family members, 342, 359
prices, 194, 434
healthcare staff, 562
social housing, 65–6
IND, 357–8, 359–60
Howard, Michael, 144, 291–2, 319,
integration, 356–7
320, 321, 332, 334, 341, 481, 588
Irish immigrants, 172
Howe, Geoffrey, 9
managed migration, 349–54
Howells, Kim, 471
policing powers, 354–5
public opinion, 438, 455–8
controversy, 5, 616, 643–4
skills shortage, 236
disaster, 12–13, 605–6, 610–11, 632,
students, 354
635–7
terrorism and, 354
dossier, 136, 137, 628
toughness discourse, 341, 359
effect on Blair, 101, 598, 650
India, 189, 553, 580, 588
electoral effect, 47, 53
industrial policy
Europe and, 534, 549, 642–3
climate change, 581–5
information to cabinet, 11
competition, 273–4, 278–9, 286
judgment of history, 15
de-industrialisation, 279
Labour opposition, 26, 151, 158,
early 1990s Labour policy, 274–5
477, 628
meaning, 273
legal advice, 301
post-1997, 276–7
liberal interventionism, 513–14,
productivity policy, 277–81
610–11
productivity record, 236–7, 281–7
manipulation of information, 12, 13,
inflation targeting, 195–8, 210, 277
135, 514, 628, 639
information economy, 237
media management, 135, 445
information technology, 11, 204, 207,
tarnishing TB’s image, 135, 136, 209,
285, 287, 397
635–7
Ingham, Bernard, 140
US moral authority and, 635
inquiries, 308
Ireland, 188, 487, 489, 503, 509, 511,
Intelligence and Security Coordinator,
512, 515, 521, 643
85
Irvine of Lairg, Lord, 109, 116, 119–20,
Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate
121, 292, 293–4, 295, 308, 346,
Change, 573, 577, 591
645
international aid. See development
Islam, 644
International Criminal Court, 540
Israel. See Middle East conflict
International Finance Facility, 567
Italy, 187, 193, 596
internet, 134–5, 264, 459–60
investment, 236–7, 277
James, Oliver, 441–2
IRA, 113, 509–10, 511, 512, 513, 514,
Japan, 187, 197, 237, 275, 287, 338
516, 518, 520, 521, 522, 524
Jay, Douglas, 173
Iran, 635
Jay, Michael, 590
Iraq
Jenkins, Roy, 475–8
bombing campaign, 594, 604, 627–8
Jenkins, Simon, 610
Conservative policy, 596
Jenkins Commission, 111, 115, 145
development, 561
Johnson, Alan, 162, 203, 366, 471, 478
Kurds, 618
Joint Intelligence Committee, 85
no-fly zones, 594
Jolly, Richard, 554
weapons inspections, 621, 623
Jones, C., 204
WMDs, 136, 137, 616, 628
Jones, Janet, 116
Iraq War
Jospin, Lionel, 174–5
arts community and, 463, 464
Jowett, Benjamin, 506
Atlanticism, 602, 611, 627–8
Jubilee 2000, 553
, 562, 576
BBC and, 136–8
judiciary
Blair approach, 600, 605–9, 650
appointments, 298–9
Blair European alliances, 539
attacks on, 118, 292
British forces, 628–9, 631
constitutional values, 313–14
judiciary ( cont. )
Kohl, Helmut, 596
ethnic minorities, 297–8
Koizumi, Junichiro, 590
hierarchy, 296
Kosovo
human rights and, 117–19, 311–13
development, 562
independence, 294, 315–16
NATO intervention, 134, 603–4, 606,
Judges Council, 295
616, 622–6, 634, 636, 643–4, 645
Judicial Appointments Commission,
occupation, 634
113, 294, 296, 298
Kuwait, 594
making law, 311–15
Kyoto Protocol, 540, 575, 580, 581,
remuneration, 299–300
587, 588
Supreme Court, 296–7
women, 297
labour market. See employment
juries, 302
Labour MPs
Justice Ministry, 118, 120, 296, 304,
attempted coup, 6
315–16, 317
backbench rebellions, 26–8, 34,
151–2, 477
Kaldor, N., 202
Blair’s base, 150–2, 642
Kashmir, 595
women, 16, 28–30, 153
Kavanagh, Trevor, 126
Labour Party
Keene, David, 293
Blair leadership, 143–9, 642
Keith, Brian, 292
Blair legacy, 160–2
Kelling, George, 331
cash for honours, 11–12, 110, 159,
Kelly, David, 137, 308, 460
301, 639
Kelly, Ruth, 74–6, 366, 471
chairpersons, 154
Kelly, Tom, 521
class, 40–2
Kennedy, Charles, 145, 152
Clause 4, 4, 35, 164, 210, 218, 275
Kennedy, Helena, 293
coalition with Liberal Democrats,
Kennedy, J. F., 602
145
Keynes, John Maynard, 501
command party, 143
Keynesianism, 169, 324, 391
Conference, 155, 160
Kilbrandon Report, 104, 117
controversies, 10
Kiley, Bob, 256–9
development aid, 553
Kilmuir, Lord, 293
devolution, 116–17, 153, 497
King, Anthony, 148, 266
education policy, 362
King, David, 589
effect of repositioning, 48–52
King, Tom, 618
electoral record, 35–40, 77
Kinnock, Neil
funding, 158–60, 211
battles with the left, 58, 504
general secretaries, 154
Benn challenge, 152
industrial policy, 274–5
devolution, 177–8, 491
law and order, 323–4
EU policy, 105
leadership challenges, 152
legacy, 144, 147, 218
local government, 54
media attacks, 141
London elections, 62
policymaking, 153
marginalisation, 7, 10–11, 153–6
public opinion, 165, 444
membership, 155, 156–8