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14. South African Human Rights Commission. (2014). Report: National investigative hearing into safety and security challenges in farming communities. p. 11.
15. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Farm Attacks. (31 July 2003). Criminal Justice Monitor. p. 3.
16. Burger, J. (November 2012). From rural protection to rural safety: How government changed its priorities. In Report by the Solidarity Research Institute. An overview of farm attacks in South Africa and the potential impact thereof on society. pp. 58–71 at p. 63.
17. Burger, J. (November 2012). From rural protection to rural safety: How government changed its priorities. In Report by the Solidarity Research Institute. An overview of farm attacks in South Africa and the potential impact thereof on society. pp. 58–71 at p. 63.
18. Burger, J and Boshoff, H. (2008). The state’s response to crime and public security in South Africa. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies. pp. 12–13.
19. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Farm Attacks. (31 July 2003). Criminal Justice Monitor. p. 4.
20. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Farm Attacks. (31 July 2003). Criminal Justice Monitor. p. 4.
21. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Farm Attacks. (31 July 2003). Criminal Justice Monitor. p. 4.
22. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Farm Attacks. (31 July 2003). Criminal Justice Monitor. pp. 445–447.
23. South African Human Rights Commission. (2014). Report: National investigative hearing into safety and security challenges in farming communities. p. 55.
24. Burger, J and Boshoff, H. (3 December 2008). The state’s response to crime and public security in South Africa. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies. p. 12.
25. South African Human Rights Commission. (2014). Report: National investigative hearing into safety and security challenges in farming communities. p. 54.
26. South African Human Rights Commission. (2014). Report: National investigative hearing into safety and security challenges in farming communities. p. 54.
27. South African Human Rights Commission. (2014). Report: National investigative hearing into safety and security challenges in farming communities. (2014). pp. 54–55.
28. Personal interview with Siphiwe Nyanda. (9 April 2014).
29. South African Human Rights Commission. (2014). Report: National investigative hearing into safety and security challenges in farming communities. p. 55.
30. South African Human Rights Commission. (2014). Report: National investigative hearing into safety and security challenges in farming communities. p. 55.
31. Burger, J. (November 2012). From rural protection to rural safety: How government changed its priorities. In Report by the Solidarity Research Institute. An overview of farm attacks in South Africa and the potential impact thereof on society. pp. 58–71 at p. 61.
32. SABC 2. Fokus. (6 May 2012). Interview with Dirk Hermann.
33. South African Human Rights Commission. (2007). Progress made in terms of land tenure security, safety and labour relations in farming communities.
34. South African Human Rights Commission. (2014). Report: National investigative hearing into safety and security challenges in farming communities. p. 93.
35. South African Human Rights Commission. (2014). Report: National investigative hearing into safety and security challenges in farming communities. pp. 96–102.
36. News24. (4 May 2016). SAPS, AfriForum work together to tackle farm attacks.
37. News24. (1 June 2016). ‘I agreed to step aside,’ Phahlane said.
CHAPTER 18 – A COLD SHOULDER
1. Van Noord, B. (17 January 2013). Letter to the Minister of Police, Nathi Mthethwa: Die prioritisering van plaasmoorde.
2. Van Noord, B. (17 January 2013). Letter to the Minister of Police, Nathi Mthethwa: Die prioritisering van plaasmoorde.
3. Ministry of Police. (17 January 2013). Statement: AfriForum’s publicity stunt compromises fight against crime.
4. Ministry of Police. (17 January 2013). Statement: AfriForum’s publicity stunt compromises fight against crime.
5. Ministry of Police. (17 January 2013). Statement: AfriForum’s publicity stunt compromises fight against crime.
6. Beeld. (12 October 2017). Mbalula: ‘G’n spesiale eenhede vir plaasaanvalle’.
7. Rapport. (5 November 2017). Polisie moet alle moorde prioritiseer.
8. Rapport. (5 November 2017). Polisie moet alle moorde prioritiseer.
9. Hermann, D and Van Zyl, C. (2011). Land of sorrow: 20 years of farm attacks in South Africa. Centurion: Kraal Uitgewers.
10. AfriForum. (25 May 2012). Media statement: Wreath laying and memorandum at Mthethwa’s office.
11. AfriForum. (25 May 2012). Memorandum to the Minister of Police, Nathi Mthethwa: Prioritising rural safety.
12. AfriForum. (14 January 2012). Media statement: Stap teen geweld-optog na die Uniegebou.
13. AfriForum. (19 June 2012). Memorandum to the President of South Africa: March against violence.
14. Office of the President of South Africa. (9 July 2012). Letter to AfriForum: Stop crime against children.
15. AfriForum. (2 July 2012). Letter to the National Police Commissioner: Prioritising rural safety.
16. Phiyega, R. (26 October 2012). Letter to AfriForum: Prioritising rural safety.
17. AfriForum. (4 October 2012). Letter to the President of the Republic of South Africa: Prioritising farm attacks.
18. AfriForum. (21 November 2012). March against violence. Memorandum to members of the National Assembly of the Republic of South Africa.
19. AfriForum. (30 November 2012). Memorandum to police stations of South Africa.
20. AfriForum. (2014). Report: Hoe lank nog? Plaasaanvalle: Kritiese perspektief en slagofferbemagtiging.
21. SABC News. (19 June 2013).
22. News24. (27 July 2015). Farm attack victims ‘pushed around’ by police – AfriForum.
23. AfriForum. (17 April 2018). Media statement: Police Minister ignores terror on farms.
24. eNCA. (20 October 2017). #BlackMonday: Mbalula part of the problem, says AfriForum.
25. AfriForum. (21 September 2015). Media statement: AfriForum accuses ministers and SAPS of complicity after the occurrence of more farm murders.
26. News24. (11 September 2013). AfriForum to take ‘Mthethwa Docket’ to UN.
27. Roets, E. (24 October 2012). Letter to Zweli Mnisi (spokesperson: Minister of Police): Prioritising farm attacks.
28. Spies, W. (21 November 2012). Letter to the Ministry of Police: Permission for public gathering regarding rural safety.
29. AfriForum. (7 January 2012). Letter to advocate T Madonsela: Filing of a complaint against the Minister of Police, Mr. Nathi Mthethwa.
30. Video on YouTube. (25 November 2015). AfriForum kap regering by VN. (Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5oFBek4e2E).
31. AfriForum. (3 March 2015). Filing of a complaint against the Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO) in South Africa. Annexure A. Letter to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders.
CHAPTER 19 – INVESTIGATING FARM ATTACKS
1. AfriForum. (2014). Report: Hoe lank nog? Plaasaanvalle: Kritiese perspektief en slagofferbemagtiging.
2. AfriForum. (2014). Report: Hoe lank nog? Plaasaanvalle: Kritiese perspektief en slagofferbemagtiging.
3. AfriForum. (2014). Report: Hoe lank nog? Plaasaanvalle: Kritiese perspektief en slagofferbemagtiging.
4. Solidariteit Tydskrif. (29 July 2013). Plaasmoorde: Polisie nalatigheid ontbloot.
5. Netwerk24. (21 September 2014). G’n hulp, ‘want dis net nog ’n boer se dogter’.
6. Netwerk24. (21 September 2014). G’n hulp, ‘want dis net nog ’n boer se dogter’.
7. AfriForum. (2014). Report: Hoe lank nog? Plaasaanvalle: Kritiese perspektief en slagofferbemagtiging.
8. AfriForum. (2014). Report: Hoe lank nog? Plaasaanvalle: Kritiese perspektief en slagofferbemagtiging.
/> 9. Beeld. (14 February 2018). Woedend oor dossier net verdwyn.
CHAPTER 20 – PRIORITISING FARM ATTACKS
1. AfriForum’s Facebook page. (12 November 2017). Video: Chris Chameleon – Plaasmoorde-optog.
2. SABC 2. Fokus. (6 May 2012). Interview with Dirk Hermann.
3. SABC 2. Fokus. (6 May 2012). Interview with Dirk Hermann.
4. Interview with Johan Burger. (20 September 2017).
5. Interview with Johan Burger. (20 September 2017).
6. Engineering News. (23 June 2011). Copper cable theft declared a high-priority crime.
7. Defence Web. (15 April 2015). Government again acknowledges rhino poaching is a priority crime.
8. Interview with Johan Burger. (20 September 2017).
9. City Press. (1 June 2017). ‘Freedoms are being curtailed’: Zuma on crimes against women, children.
10. South African Police Service. (2 February 2016). Media statement: Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation (HAWKS).
11. Interview with Johan Burger. (20 September 2017).
12. Interview with Johan Burger. (20 September 2017).
13. See chapter 17.
14. Interview with Johan Burger. (20 September 2017).
15. Hawks: Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation. (no date). Internet home page. (Available at https://www.saps.gov.za/dpci/index.php).
16. Interview with Johan Burger. (20 September 2017).
CHAPTER 21 – FIGHTING BACK
1. Rust, R. (2016). Vlees en bloed. Pretoria: LAPA. pp. 132–134.
2. Interview with Roland de Vries. (24 February 2017). Video on YouTube: Genl.-maj. Roland de Vries betrek by die stryd teen plaasmoorde. (Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xf19TiXHSA).
3. Beeld. (18 February 2016). ‘SAPD is in ’n krisis’.
4. Beeld. (18 February 2016). ‘SAPD is in ’n krisis’.
5. Rapport. (25 September 2016). Rowers is baie beter bewapen as polisie.
6. Rapport. (25 September 2016). Rowers is baie beter bewapen as polisie.
7. Rapport. (25 September 2016). Rowers is baie beter bewapen as polisie.
8. Rapport. (5 November 2017). Polisie moet alle moorde prioritiseer.
9. Beeld. (23 May 2017). Minister maak saak aanhangig: DA-LP verkla oor twiet.
10. Rapport. (24 December 2017). Polisie pas leë huis al 3 j. op.
11. Cronje, F. (2017). A time traveller’s guide to South Africa in 2030. Cape Town: Tafelberg. p. 86.
12. Cronje, F. (2017). A time traveller’s guide to South Africa in 2030. Cape Town: Tafelberg. p. 87.
13. Rapport. (5 November 2017). Polisie moet alle moorde prioritiseer.
14. Institute of Race Relations. (February 2011). Report: Broken blue line: The involvement of the South African Police Force in serious and violent crime in South Africa.
15. PMG. (August 2013). Monitor.
16. Africa Check. (27 August 2013, updated on 23 July 2014). South Africa’s criminal cops: Is the rot far worse than we have been told?
17. Johnson, RW. (2015). How long will South Africa survive? The looming crisis. Johannesburg and Cape Town: Jonathan Ball Publishers. p. 171.
18. IOL. (15 May 2014). Top cops fail to lead – criminologist.
19. Institute of Race Relations. (February 2011). Report: Broken blue line: The involvement of the South African Police Force in serious and violent crime in South Africa.
20. Institute of Race Relations. (February 2011). Report: Broken blue line: The involvement of the South African Police Force in serious and violent crime in South Africa.
21. Institute of Race Relations. (February 2011). Report: Broken blue line: The involvement of the South African Police Force in serious and violent crime in South Africa.
22. Africa Check. (27 August 2013, updated on 23 July 2014). South Africa’s criminal cops: Is the rot far worse than we have been told?
23. Africa Check. (22 April 2013). SA police face R14 billion in civil lawsuits, not R7 billion as reported.
24. Times Live. (7 September 2017). Police negligence arms criminals with 7‚829 guns‚ says AfriForum.
25. Maroela Media. (20 April 2018). Sun City-ontsnapping: Twee tronkbewaarders vasgetrek.
26. Beeld. (15 June 2017). ‘Drie het dalk hulp gehad met ontsnapping.’
27. Maroela Media. (20 April 2018). Sun City-ontsnapping: Twee tronkbewaarders vasgetrek.
28. Human Sciences Research Council. (2011). Report: South African social attitudes survey (SASAS).
29. Beeld. (15 February 2017). Vertroue in polisie en howe daal.
30. Beeld. (15 February 2017). Meer voel snags én bedags onveilig.
31. Conversation with a representative of the Department of International Relations and Cooperation. (November 2014). Personal recollection.
32. AfriForum. (6 June 2017). Project Nehemiah. (Available at https://www.afriforum.co.za/project-nehemiah).
33. Interview with Roland de Vries. (24 February 2017). Video on YouTube: Genl.-maj. Roland de Vries betrek by die stryd teen plaasmoorde. (Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xf19TiXHSA).
34. Interview with Roland de Vries. (24 February 2017). Video on YouTube: Genl.-maj. Roland de Vries betrek by die stryd teen plaasmoorde. (Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xf19TiXHSA).
35. Interview with Roland de Vries. (24 February 2017). Video on YouTube: Genl.-maj. Roland de Vries betrek by die stryd teen plaasmoorde. (Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xf19TiXHSA).
36. AfriForum and the Institute of Race Relations. (2016). Report: Winning the war on crime in South Africa: A new approach to community policing. p. 17.
37. AfriForum and the Institute of Race Relations. (2016). Report: Winning the war on crime in South Africa: A new approach to community policing. p. 20.
38. AfriForum and the Institute of Race Relations. (2016). Report: Winning the war on crime in South Africa: A new approach to community policing. p. 19.
39. AfriForum and the Institute of Race Relations. (2016). Report: Winning the war on crime in South Africa: A new approach to community policing. p. 17.
40. AfriForum and the Institute of Race Relations. (2016). Report: Winning the war on crime in South Africa: A new approach to community policing. p. 18.
41. Zinn, R and Kelder, N. (June 2011). Report: Basic framework for an efficient community safety network. p. 7.
42. Zinn, R and Kelder, N. (June 2011). Report: Basic framework for an efficient community safety network. p. 13.
43. AfriForum and the Institute of Race Relations. (2016). Report: Winning the war on crime in South Africa: A new approach to community policing. p. 26.
44, Zinn, R and Kelder, N. (June 2011). Report: Basic framework for an efficient community safety network. p. 14.
45, AfriForum and the Institute of Race Relations. (2016). Report: Winning the war on crime in South Africa: A new approach to community policing. p. 25.
46. AfriForum and the Institute of Race Relations. (2016). Report: Winning the war on crime in South Africa: A new approach to community policing. p. 27.
47. AfriForum and the Institute of Race Relations. (2016). Report: Winning the war on crime in South Africa: A new approach to community policing. p. 27.
48. AfriForum and the Institute of Race Relations. (2016). Report: Winning the war on crime in South Africa: A new approach to community policing. p. 30.
49. Zinn, R and Kelder, N. (June 2011). Report: Basic framework for an efficient community safety network. p. 14.
CHAPTER 22 – THE QUESTION OF GENOCIDE
1. Reuters. (28 November 2012). Farm murders highlight apartheid’s toxic legacy in South Africa.
2. Fox News. (24 March 2017). South Africa accused of covering up grisly murder spree.
3. Daily Maverick. (1 March 2017). Rural safety: Are farm murders being underplayed for politics?
4. Tweet by @Johrne. (7 June 2012).
5. Tweet by @Johrne. (29 March 2011).
6. Africa Check. (24 June
2013). Are SA whites really being killed ‘like flies’? Why Steve Hofmeyr is wrong.
7. Chung, F. (25 March 2017). ‘Bury them alive!: White South Africans fear for their future as horrific farm attacks escalate. (Available at http://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/world-economy/bury-them-alive-white-south-africans-fear-for-their-future-as-horrific-farm-attacks-escalate/news-story/3a63389a1b0066b6b0b77522c06d6476).
8. Genocide Watch. (19 August 2015). Media statement: ‘White genocide’ is not underway in South Africa. (Available at http://genocidewatch.net/2015/08/19/white-genocide-is-not-underway-in-south-africa/).
9. Genocide Watch. (19 August 2015). Media statement: ‘White genocide’ is not underway in South Africa. (Available at http://genocidewatch.net/2015/08/19/white-genocide-is-not-underway-in-south-africa/).
10. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. (1948). Article III.
11. Chalk, F and Jonassohn, K. (1990). The conceptual framework. In Chalk, F and Jonassohn, K (Eds). The history and sociology of genocide: Analyses and case studies. London: Yale University Press. pp. 3–43 at p. 11.
12. Chalk, F and Jonassohn, K. (1990). The conceptual framework. In Chalk, F and Jonassohn, K (Eds). The history and sociology of genocide: Analyses and case studies. London: Yale University Press. pp. 3–43. Also Sands, P. (2016). East West Street. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 117.
13. UN Doc. A/C.6/SR.74 (de Beus, The Netherlands); UN Doc. A/C.6/SR.69 (Pérez-Perozo, Venezuela), and UN Doc. A/C.6/SR.72 (Raafat, Egypt). Also quoted in Schabas, WA. (2009). Genocide in international law: The crime of crimes. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 166.
14. UN Doc. E/447 p. 22. Also quoted in Schabas, WA. (2009). Genocide in international law: The crime of crimes. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
15. Commentators who have proposed broader definitions include: Glaser, S. (1970). Droit International Pénal Conventionnel. Brussels: Bruylant. p. 112; Charney, IW. (1994). Toward a generic definition of genocide. In Andreopoulos, GJ (Ed.). Genocide: Conceptual and historical dimensions. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 64–94; p. 75; Dadrian, V. (1975). A typology of genocide. In International Review of Modern Sociology. p. 201; Fein, H. (1994). Genocide, terror, life integrity, and war crimes. In Andreopoulos, GJ (Ed.). Genocide: Conceptual and historical dimensions. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 95–107. p. 97; and Chalk, F and Jonassohn, K. (1990). The conceptual framework. In Chalk, F and Jonassohn, K (Eds). (1990). The history and sociology of genocide: Analyses and case studies. London: Yale University Press. pp. 3–43 at p. 23. Drost writes that ‘a convention on genocide cannot effectively contribute to the protection of certain described minorities when it is limited to particular defined groups ... It serves no purpose to restrict international legal protection to some groups; firstly, because the protected members always belong at the same time to other unprotected groups (Drost, PN. (1959). The crime of state, Vol. 2, Genocide. pp. 122–123). List of commentators taken from Schabas, WA. (2009). Genocide in international law: The crime of crimes. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 118.