American Experiment
Page 206
Legal Tender Act (1862), 18
legislative branch, primacy of (in Reconstruction period), 51
L’Enfant, Pierre, 271
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 409–10, 412, 425, 456
ideology of, 409–10; and Wilson’s, compared, 412
Lerner, Max, 300, 489
Lewelling, Lorenzo, 186
Lewis, Sinclair, 514, 535–6
Liberal Republican party, 207
Liberia, 288
liberty:
Brandeis and Croly on, 392–3
Carnegie and McKinley on, 234
as central American value, 153
college students on, 515
Declaration of Independence promises, 173
as economic individualism, 154–6
Farmers’ Alliance and, 190
Whitman on, 192
Wilson on, 373, 441
lighting, incandescent, 84–5
Lincoln, Abraham:
death and funeral train of, 36–7
and election of 1864, 30–3
foreign policy of, 31–2
Gettysburg Address, 3–6, 557
leadership qualities of, 31–2, 33–4
political strategy of, 31, 33
and Republican party leaders, 32, 43
war planning and strategy of, 6–7, 12
Lincoln, Daniel Waldo, 88
Lindbergh, Charles A., 388
Lindbergh, Charles A., Jr., 498, 510, 511
Link, Arthur, 388
Lippmann, Waller, 394–5, 507, 521, 533–4, 538
and Brandeis, 419
Drift and Mastery, 394, 395
on “Inquiry, The,” 434
and Lewis (S.), 536
Phantom Public, The, 533, 547
Preface to Politics, A, 394, 395
on the press, 518, 520
Public Opinion, 518, 533, 547
and Roosevelt (F. D.), 554
and Wilson, 419
Little Big Horn, battle of (1876), 218–19
Lloyd, Henry Demarest, 166, 167–8, 231
Lloyd George, David, 450, 451, 456
lobbies, political, 385
Locke, John, 155
Lodge, Henry Cabot:
as antisuffragist, 444
on Cuba, 236
and disarmament, 493–4, 495
and League of Nations, 454–5, 458–66 passim, 468
and Roosevelt (T.), 331, 359, 416; and World War I, 416
on Villa (P.), 406
and Wilson, 454, 459–60
Long, Clarence, 140
Looking Backward (Bellamy), 164, 166–7, 189
Lorant, Stefan, 141
Los Angeles, 99
Lowell, A. Lawrence, 88, 385, 419, 458
Luce, Henry, 521–2
Ludendorff, Gen. Erich, 432–7 passim
Luhan, Mabel Dodge, 308, 323
Lusitania (steamship), 415, 416
lynching, 149, 234, 285
legislation against, 491
Lynd, Robert and Helen, 511, 513
Lynn, Mass., 137
MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 558
machines:
as heart of industrialism, 172
internal combustion engine, 110
for tunnel-making, 77–8
for urban life, 250–1
workers and, 143, 259
Wright (F. L.) on, 313
see also agriculture: machinery and tools for; industry: machinery for; technology
machine tools, 78–9
Macune, Charles, 183, 189
Madison, James, 300–1, 487, 499
magazines:
avant-garde, 313–16
laissez-faire theme in, 159
movie, 526
and reform, 345, 346–7
of success stories, 160
women’s, 120
Maguire, Tom, 260
Mahan, Capt. Alfred Thayer, 223
maids, 121, 139–40
Maine (battleship), 235, 236–7
Main Street (Lewis), 535
majority, “compact,” 487–91, 499, 503, 558
in Supreme Court, 506
majority rule, 234–5, 537
Malthus, Thomas, 155
Manifest Destiny:
under Roosevelt (T.), 341
Seward and, 220
Wilson and, 406
Manila Bay, battle of (1898), 238
Mann Act, 358
Mann-Elkins Act, 358
Mantell, Martin, 43
Man with the Hoe, The, 328
Marconi, Guglielmo, 290
Markels, Julian, 318–19
Markham, Edwin, 328
marriage (middle class), 122
Marshall, Charles C, 502
Martineau, Harriet, 155
Marx, Karl, 75–6
Capital, 75, 112
Communist Manifesto, 75, 90, 174, 259, 308
and George, Lloyd, and Bellamy, 167
German Ideology, The, 75, 260
and IWW, 174
on Johnson (A.), 52
and Veblen, compared, 303–4
Wage Labour and Capital, 82
Marxist theory:
class system, 194
industrial labor, 112, 259, 489; and class solidarity, 143, 173; proletarianization of, 260–1, 382–3; and trade unionism, 173
other socialist ideas, 174
production, 75–6
property, private, 154
technology, 76, 82, 289, 382
see also socialism
Masses, The (periodical), 313–14
mass production:
of automobiles, 179–80
Ford develops, 480, 484
of houses, 253
Maxim, Hiram, 81, 290
May, Ernest, 439
Mayer, Louis B., 526
McAdoo, William Gibbs, 385, 388, 429, 469, 473, 500, 555
McAllister, Ward, 117
McClellan, Gen. George B., 33, 205
McClure’s (periodical), 345, 346–7
McCombs, William F., 370
McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 81, 114, 222
McCormick, Fanny, 185
McCormick, Col. Robert R., 483
McCumber, Porter, 460
McKellar, Kenneth, 505
McKelvey, Blake, 248
McKinley, William, 198
death of, 241–2
as President, 234–5; election of, 231–3; foreign policy of, 236–41; nomination of, 229–30; reelection of (1900), 241
McLallin, Stephen, 185
McLemore, A. Jefferson, 417
McNary-Haugen bill (1927), 490
McPherson, Aimee Semple, 517
McPherson, James, 7, 25, 33, 63
McReynolds, James, 391
McTeague (Norris), 171–2
Meade, Gen. George Gordon, 11
Meat Inspection Act (1906), 348
Mellon, Andrew William, 458, 485–6
and Depression, 550
on education, 513
as Secretary of State, 486, 491, 493, 496–7
Mencken, Henry Louis, 315, 316–17, 533
Menlo Park (N.J.) “scientific factory,” 108–9
mergers, 216–17
of film studios, 526
of newspapers, 519–20
see also combinations, industrial
Merton, Robert, 265
Mexico:
French invasion of (1861), 219–20
U.S. and, 403–6, 498
Michelson, Albert, 289
Michigan Central Railroad, 87
middle class, 142–3
women in, 119–27
Midway Island, 220
migration:
northward, from country to city (by blacks), 136–7, 149, 197, 247, 431
westward, 128–9, 219; by blacks, 149
Miles, Gen. Nelson, 239
military courts, 49, 54
military personnel, see armed forces, American
milk, pasteurized, 108
Mill, John Stewart, 156, 15
8
On Liberty, 192
milling machines, 78–9, 381
Millis, Walter, 422
mining, 78, 86–7
Minor, Virginia, 204
Missionary Ridge (Tenn.), battle of, 12
Mississippi River, 80–1
Mitchell, John, 333, 393
Mitchell, Maria, 81
“Molly Maguires,” 175, 176
Moltke, Helmuth von, 407
monetary system:
currency issues: Civil War period, 18; 1870s, 213–14; 1890s, 228; populists and (subtreasury plan), 187, 188, 189
Wilson and, 387–8
“money trust,” 387, 388, 391, 392
monopoly:
debated in 1912 campaign, 374–5, 383
Lenin on, 409–10
Lloyd on, 166
resistance to, see antitrust movement
Wilson and, 389–91
see also combinations, industrial
Monroe, Harriet, 315–16
Monroe Doctrine, 340, 424
moral leadership, 41–2, 274
see also reform movement
Morgan, H. Wayne, 229
Morgan, John T., 338, 340
Morgan, J. Pierpont, 89, 222, 228
and Roosevelt (T.), 331–2, 350
Wilson and, 418
Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 290
Morgan (J. P.) & Co.:
and “Black Thursday,” 542
Lenin on, 410
Roosevelt (T.) and, 350–1
speculation by, 541
Wilson and, 387
Morgenthau, Henry, 402, 419
Morison, Elting, 343
Morley, Edward W., 290
Morris, William, 167
Morrow, Dwight, 498
Morton, Levi P., 89
motion pictures, 524–7
Mowry, George, 349, 371
“Mugwumps,” 211
20th century, 357, 359
Muir, John, 97
Mumford, Lewis, 254, 312
Munsey, Frank A., 160, 520
Münsterberg, Hugo, 294
museums, 308–9
Muybridge, Eadweard, 309
Myers, George A., 206
NAACP, 285
Nagel, Charles, 358
Nast, Thomas, 267
Nathan, George Jean, 315
Nation, Carrie, 279
Nation, The (periodical), 69–70
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 285
National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), 548–9
National Bank Act (1863), 18
National Board of Arbitration, 233
National Broadcasting Company, 523
National Civic Federation, 282
National Colored Immigration and Commercial Association, 288
National Consumers League, 281
National Farmers’ Alliance and Cooperative Union, 183–4
in Midwest, 184–7 passim
in South, 187–90 passim
National Labor Reform party, 175
National Labor Union (NLU), 175
National Progressive Republican League, 361
National Reform Press Association, 189
National Union Convention (1866), 50
National Woman’s Party, 534
National Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), 61, 209, 445, 446
National Women’s Trade Union League (NWTUL), 281
Native Americans, see Indians
natural selection, 157
economic interpretation of, 158–9
see also Darwinism, Social
Navy, U.S., 222–3
in Spanish-American War, 238, 239
Washington Conference (1921) and, 493–5
world tour by (1907–08), 344
and World War I, 411
NAWSA, 61, 209, 445, 446
Nevins, Allan, 14, 15, 25, 92
New Democracy, The (Weyl), 393
New England, 167–70
see also Boston
New Historians, 297–302
Newman, Samuel Phillips, 155
New Republic (periodical), 394–5
newspapers, 518–20
of minority groups, 522
New York City:
blacks in, 148
buildings in, 251, 252
Central Park, 254
as financial capital, 88, 117, 248
fire companies in, 266
Greenwich Village, 306–8
intellectual life of, 291–2, 306–8
Jews in, 145–7, 255–7
Tammany Hall organization in, 263–4, 266–7
upper classes in, 117–19
working-class conditions in, 137–40
Nicaragua, 403, 418, 498
Nicholas II, Czar, 408
Nicolson, Sir Harold, 451, 456
nitroglycerine, 77
Nivelle, Robert, 426
Noble Order of the Knights of Labor, 176–8, 551–2
Norris, Frank, 171–2, 306
Norris, George, 372, 422, 425, 501
Norris, Kathleen, 289
Northern Securities Company, 331–2, 335
O’Gorman, James A., 388–9
O’Hare, Kate Richards, 398
Ohio, 195–6
blacks in, 197
cities of, 196–7
industries of, 196–7
political “dynasty” from, 195–200
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 26, 254
Oppenheim, James, 314
Orient, 221, 495
see also China; Japan: Korea; Philippines
Orlando, Vittorio, 450, 451
Osbom, Henry Fairfield, 290
Osier, William, 108
Others (periodical), 315
Otis. Gen. Elwell, 241
Otis Elevator Company, 108, 251
Otken, Charles, 135
Overman, Lee, 427
Owen, Robert, 173
Owen-Class Act (1913), 387
Packers and Stockyards Act (1921), 490
padroni, 257–8
Palace Car Company, boycott of, 227
Palmer, A. Mitchell, 469, 473
Panama, 338, 339, 339–40, 343
Panama Canal, 222, 337–40, 343
Pan-Americanism, 221
panics, economic, 74–5, 542
see also banks and banking: crises/failures of
Parker, Alton B., 334, 413
parks and green areas, urban, 254
Partington, Vernon, 168, 192, 507
party bosses, 263–7
and reformers, 266, 267, 268
party system, 205–6, 499
see also third parties, political; and specific political parties
patents, 74, 91
Paterson Strike Pageant (1913), 323–4
Patrons of Husbandry (“Grangers”), 209
Patton, Gen. George, 433, 436
Paul, Alice, 445
Peabody, Elizabeth, 168
Peace Democrats (“Copperheads”), 8, 33
peace movement (1920s), 493–6
Peace Ship (sent by Ford, 1915), 480, 483
Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil, 109, 110
Peffer, William, 186
Peirce, Charles, 292, 294
Pemberton, Gen. John, 9–10
Pennsylvania Railroad, 103, 104
People’s Party (populists), 184–91, 224
and election of 1896, 231–2
in Georgia, 187–8
internal crisis of (1890s), 228
of Kansas, 184–7
in South, 187–90
in Texas, 189
women in, 185–6
Pepper, George Wharton, 116
Perkins, George, 331, 375
Perry, Arthur Latham, 155
Pershing, Gen. John Joseph, 239, 406, 432, 433, 436–7
Pétain, Gen. Henri, 427
Petersburg (Va.), siege of, 14, 29
Phelan, James, 260
Phelps, William Lyon, 159
Philad
elphia, 88, 116, 248
Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition (1876), 109–10
philanthropy, 107
Philip, Capt. John, 239
Philippines, 239–41, 405
Phillips, Wendell, 61–2, 68–9, 70, 168, 217
Pinchot, Gifford, 349, 359, 361
Pingree, Hazen S., 272–3
pioneers (western settlers), 128–9
Pittman, Key, 462
Pittsburgh, Pa., 140–1
Plains states:
farming in, 129–31
Indian “wars” in, 218–19
migration to, 128–9, 219; by blacks, 149
Piatt, Thomas C., 234, 330
Plunkitt, George Washington, 263–4, 267–8
Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, 315–16
Poincaré, Raymond, 407–8
Polakoff, Keith, 206
poll tax, 65, 234
Ponzi, Charles, 509, 540
poor:
morality and character of, 269–71
and rich: economic disparity between, 140, 142–3, 192; relations between, 141, 165–6
see also immigrants; workers
Popular Science Monthly, 292
population of U.S. (1850–1910), 247
populists, 184–91, 224
and election of 1896, 231–2
in Georgia, 187–8
internal crisis of (1890s), 228
of Kansas, 184–7
in South, 187–90
in Texas, 189
women among, 185–6
Porter, Adm. David, 9
Pound, Ezra, 315–16
Powderley, Terence V., 176–7
Powers, Johnny, 276
pragmatism (as philosophy), 291–7
President of U.S.:
power of: Roosevelt (T.) and, 352–4; Taft and, 356, 358; Wilson and, 364–5, 385–6
religion of, 502–3
Republicans as (20th century), 484–5
see also individual presidents
press:
and Cuban revolution, 235–6, 237
magazines: avant-garde, 313–16; laissez-faire theme in, 159; movie, 526; and reform, 345, 346–7; of success stories, 160; women’s, 120
newspapers, 518–20; of minority groups, 522
1920s, 518–23
Preston, William, 439
production:
expansion of: late 19th century, 107–8; 1920s, 508
investors and, 90–1
Marx on, 75–6
regional inequality of, 107–8
and technology, 74, 76
Progress and Poverty (George), 163
Progressive party:
dissolution of, 419–20
and elections: 1912, 371, 373, 374, 377; 1924, 500–1
progressivism, 245–6, 287, 501–2
Prohibition, 441–2, 531
Prohibition party, 208
proletarianization of workers, 260–1, 382–3
Promise of American Life, The (Croly), 392
propaganda efforts (World War I), 412, 416–17, 426–7, 439
property, right of, 153
Marx on, 154
Republicans emphasize, 206
Supreme Court and, 488, 506
Protestantism, 515–17