The Definitive FDR

by James Macgregor Burns

  Policing power. See Big Four

  Polish-American Congress, 534

  Polish-Americans, 112, 129, 360, 372, 373, 413, 483, 534, 535, 569

  Polish Committee of National Libera­tion (Warsaw/Lublin Poles), 483, 534, 535, 536; as provisional govern­ment, 536-537, 560, 569, 570, 571, 572, 583, 584

  Polish Corridor, 571

  Political parties, realignment plan, 275-276, 280, 511-513, 608

  Port Arthur, 574, 577

  Port Darwin, 223

  Port Lyautey, 322

  Port Moresby, 225

  Portal, Sir Charles, 317, 368, 407

  Portland, Wash., 269

  Portsmouth, 474

  Portugal, 65, 127, 179, 352-353, 393

  Portuguese West Africa, 397

  Poston (internment camp), 267

  Postwar world security policy, 357, 366, 409, 427-429

  Potomac (presidential yacht), 125, 132, 199, 254, 402

  Potomac River, 24, 605

  Pound, Sir Dudley, 128, 317, 368

  Powell, Adam Clayton, 533

  PQ-18 (convoy), 310

  Pravda, 229

  Price control, 116, 196-197, 257-258, 259, 340-341, 468

  Prince of Wales, H.M.S., 12, 125, 126, 128, 131, 175, 203

  Prisoners of war, 232, 391

  Proclamation of unlimited national emergency, 101

  Production: and aid to Great Britain, 24-25; American effort toasted by Stalin, 411; conflict with labor, 117; conversion to war production, 118; creation of agencies, 116-117; crisis of, 193, 333; effort called for in F.D.R.’s “arsenal of democracy” speech, 28, 29; goals, 190, 246-249, 306; husbanding of resources, 494; and labor, 53-56. 465; lagging badly, 118, 192-194, 245-246; material shortages, 52; military airplanes, 333; mobilization of resources, 51-53; munitions, 28; NDAC advisors, 51; no unified program, 272, 332; F.D.R. on, 333-334; Senate committee in­vestigating, 118-119, 193, 339; short­ages of essential munitions, 118; soars, 460; unity of effort, 271, 272-273, 467-472. See also Budget; Labor; Manpower; Shipbuilding

  Profiteering, 424, 467

  Propaganda, 385-388

  Prussia, 96, 365, 565, 570

  Psychological warfare. See Propaganda

  Public opinion: and aid to Great Britain, 132-133; defeatism and fatalism, 66; and international issues, 559; in 1941, 40-43; optimism about the war, 469; pessimistic attitude to defeat in Pacific, 209-213; F.D.R. attempts to gauge, 98; F.D.R. and public opinion polls, 607; F.D.R. shows his usual respect for, 152; spirit of unity sweeps U.S. after Pearl Harbor, 176; and war aims, 467-468

  Puerto Rico, 378

  Pyle, Ernie, 471

  Quebec Conference (first), 389, 391-393, 397, 398, 399, 457; (second), 458, 518-521, 543

  Queen Mary, S.S., 368, 391, 469

  Quezon, Manuel, 206, 208, 209, 216, 379, 489

  Quincy, U.S.S., 565, 578, 579, 580

  Rabat, 321

  Rabaul, 160, 382, 444, 486

  Racial intolerance, viii, 275, 497, 498, 512, 529-530. See also Black Ameri­cans; Japanese-Americans; Jews; Mexican-Americans

  Radar systems, 345

  Radiation laboratory, MIT, 346

  Radio Corporation of America, 264

  Radio proximity fuse, 345

  Raeder, Erich, 16, 69, 105, 106, 141, 142, 243

  Railroad crisis, 195-196, 338, 354, 422

  Railway Labor Act, 338

  Randolph, A. Philip, 123, 124

  Randolph Field. 270

  Rangoon, 209, 219, 268, 375

  Rankin, John, 216, 421, 431, 437

  Rapido River, 438

  Rastenburg, 282

  Ratcliffe, S. K., 497

  Rationing, 258-259, 461, 468

  Rayburn, Sam, 40, 120, 164, 261, 433, 456, 504

  Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 25, 341

  Red Army. See Russia: German in­vasion

  Red Cross, 372, 514

  Red Network, The (Dilling), 48, 453

  Red Star, 97

  Refugee Board. See War Refugee Board

  Refugees, 396, 441-442

  Regensburg, 445

  Reid, Mrs. Ogden, 277

  Reilly, Mike, 268, 269, 317, 320, 322, 406, 508, 509, 564, 578

  “Relief, Recovery, and Reform,” 53

  Religion: freedom of religion clause, Declaration of Allied Unity, 183-184;

  religious intolerance in the U.S., 529-530

  Remember Pearl Harbor (film), 271

  “Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of this Government in the Murder of the Jews” (Paul), 441

  Reprisal (Vance), 272

  Republic, The, 516

  Republican National Committee, 275; Chairman of, 176

  Republican party: coalition of, with Southern and conservative Democrats, 37, 40, 305, 421, 534; coalition of liberals of, with Democratic liberals, 275-276, 279, 280, 511-512, 513, 608; collaboration of, with Democratic party in Congress, 594; conference of, on Mackinac Island, 400, 428-429, 510; congressional, 37, 38, 39, 280, 400, 499, 500, 510, 524, 526, 534, 594; convention (1942), 275, (1940), 502, (1944), 501, 502, 510, 511; division in, 37-39; election of 1936, 38; election of 1940, 36, 502; election of 1942, 274-281, 301, 502; election of 1944, 400, 498-503, 507, 509-513, 522-524, 525, 526, 527-530, 532, 533-534; internationalist mem­bers of, favor postwar security organ­ization, 358, 400, 427, 428-429, 510; members of, as dollar-a-year men, 88; National Chairman of, 176; power holders of, 37, 426; presiden­tial, 37, 38, 39, 274, 276, 280-281, 358, 400, 499, 502, 510, 511, 513, 528; primaries, 499; and F.D.R., 7, 38, 43, 122-123, 279, 427, 522-524, 526, 527, 528, 529; rumored to be agent in deal for a negotiated peace, 211; shift of black vote to, 280; and soldiers’-vote bill, 431. See also Congress; Dewey, Thomas E.; Willkie, Wendell L.

  Repulse, H.M.S., 175, 203

  Resonant cavity magnetron, 346

  Reuben James, U.S.S., 148

  Reuther, Walter, 193

  “Revere, Paul” (radio traitor), 498

  Reykjavik, 147

  Rheinmetall-Borsig Works, 17, 66

  Rhine River, 518, 582

  Rhone Valley, 478

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 16, 17, 81, 82, 108, 174

  Ribbentrop-Molotov line, 413

  Rice, Stuart, 452

  Rimini, 479

  Riots, 388, 421, 466

  Robin Moor, (U.S. freighter), 101, 140

  Rockefeller, Nelson, 385, 553

  Rockets, 345, 558

  Roman Catholics: feeling against

  involvement with Bolshevism, 152

  Rome, 383, 391, 393, 394, 408, 438, 439, 476, 478

  Rommel, Erwin, 75, 76, 78, 235, 236, 291, 295, 308, 313, 326, 327, 329, 474, 477

  Roosevelt, Anna (Mrs. John Boettiger) (daughter of F.D.R.), 7, 199, 269, 447, 448, 521, 523, 564, 578, 579, 581, 594, 605, 606, 612

  Roosevelt, Eleanor (wife of F.D.R.), 23, 450, 455; accused of stirring up racial hatred, 498; backs Wallace for Vice President, 503; campaigns for F.D.R. in New York, 525; as a champion of the poor and oppressed, 8, 59, 123, 124, 266, 472; character of, 7-8, 59-60; Christmas 1944, 554; and Churchill, 178, 521; criti­cism of, 211, 498; election night, 1940, 3; at funeral of F.D.R., 601, 602, 604, 606, 612; grief at parting from her sons, 177; hears F.D.R.’s speech to Congress on Yalta, 581; hears F.D.R.’s speech on the Four Freedoms, 34; helps found Freedom House, 275; letter to A. Philip Ran­dolph, 124; letters to, from F.D.R., 402-403, 404, 451, 463, 579; marriage of, 4; marriage relationship, 7, 59-60; observation of, re Democratic party, 276; on the oil embargo to Japan, 21; opens school, 577; per­suades F.D.R. to have checkup, 448; presented with tiara by Sultan of Morocco, 322; prods F.D.R. to appoint liberals, 62; at Quebec Conference, 518; questions F.D.R. about the war, 201; rooms of, at the White House, 58, 59; and Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd, 199, 606; tours U.S. with F.D.R., 268; with F.D.R. in Washing­ton, 22; as White House hostess, 7, 33, 302, 530; witnesses signing of United Nations Declaration of Allied Unity, 185; wonders about Hopkins’ friendship with F.D.R., 62; wo
rks in Office of Civilian Defense, 198: world travels, 300, 390, 447

  Roosevelt, Elliott (son of F.D.R.), 126, 177, 316, 317, 322, 379, 390, 403, 407, 410, 554, 605, 612

  Roosevelt, Mrs. Elliott (Faye Emerson), 554, 605

  Roosevelt, Mrs. Elliott (Ruth JosephineGoggins), 270

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, personality and private life: as a bird watcher, 200; character, vii, 9, 36, 58, 62, 63, 67, 88, 92, 115, 131, 143, 176, 177, 253, 298-299, 342, 347, 421, 452-453, 549-550, 595, 602-603, 604-605, 606-609; childhood and early life, 4-5, 604; cruise down the Potomac, 24; cruise through the Caribbean, 24; daily routine and work habits, 22-23, 61, 299-300, 447; death and funeral. 600-612; and the death of his mother, 139-140; eulogies, 611: health, 4-5, 36, 143-144, 324, 326, 332, 390, 409, 424, 448-450, 498, 507-508, 509, 521, 526, 533, 562, 564, 573-574, 579, 582, 584-585, 589-590, 591, 594-595; as a humanitarian, 7, 595; humor, 67, 88, 213, 299; journalistic days, 491; law practice, 4; letter from Eleanor Roose­velt, 21; letters to Eleanor Roosevelt, 402-403, 404, 451, 463, 579: love for royalty, 253; love of Hyde Park, 199-200, 389; marriage, 4; marriage rela­tionship, 59-60: mentions his four sons in the services, 527; moral credo, 549-550; reads Christmas Carol. 417, 554; social life, 33; stimulated by memories of old times, 450-451; world reaction to his death, 610-611

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, political and public life: accessibility, 62; accused of deliberately inviting attack on Pearl Harbor, 453-454; accused of nepotism, 390, 431; appointments, 122-123, 350; as an arbiter of aid priorities, 248; at ARCADIA Confer­ence, 178-191, 229, 247: as architect of military victory, 546-547; at Argentina, 125-131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 178, 475; as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 4, 353; and atomic bomb, 456, 457, 458, 550, 558, 591; on the British, 566; cables Churchill condolences on Greece, 77, 89; cables Churchill essence of American pro­posals to Japan, 156; at Cairo Con­ferences, 389, 402, 403-405, 414-416, 443, 445; and the campaign of 1912, 594; and the Casablanca Conference, 308, 315-324, 381, 389; and Chiang Kai-shek, 82-83, 109, 186. 188, 240-242, 377, 378, 389, 399, 402, 403-405, 407, 414-415, 541-545, 574, 576-577, 590, 592, 601; as Chief Executive, 347-355; and China. 82-83, 109, 145, 159, 186, 204-205, 238, 374-378, 407, 541-545, 546, 549, 574, 576-577, 588-590, 592, 609; and civil liberties, 216-217; and colonialism, 218, 322, 378, 381, 388, 404, 549, 591-593, 608-609, 611; as Commander in Chief, 228, 490-496, 546; commitment to the survival of Great Britain, 84, 88-89; compared with Stalin, 92, 551; concern over war in Asia, 596; congratulates Churchill on Burma victory, 541; conventional view of, 547; on D day, 476; and the Darlan deal, 296-298, 300, 319-320, 548, 608; and Declaration of Allied Unity, 183-185; and de Gaulle, 287, 320-323, 389, 407, 480-481, 482, 566, 579, 591, 592-593, 604; and the Democratic party, 7, 36-37, 39-40, 273, 274, 276-277, 279, 280-281, 510-512, 513, 594; describes his politics as left of center, 553; early political career, 4-5; and education, 464; election of 1910 (New York Senate), 4; election of 1920 (Vice Presidency), 4; election of 1940 (Presidency), 3-4, 5-7, 33, 36; election of 1944 (Presidency), 498-513, 516, 521-534; as the first Presi­dent to fly, 316; on freedom, 387; as Governor of New York State, 5; as grand strategist, 544-552; and Greece, 77, 365, 395, 538-539; greets new British Ambassador, 74; harsh attitude toward Germany, 441, 520, 566; on Hitlerism, 149, 151, 387; at Honolulu Conference, 488-489, 490, 496, 507; inaugurals. 35, 260, 559, 562-563; and India, 219-220, 221-222, 231. 239, 240, 241-242, 380-381, 422, 549, 593, 608-609; indignant about the attitudes he found at home, 422; and Indochina, 127, 135, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 379, 407, 591-592, 593; insists on direct attack on Germany, 548, 554; issues proclamation of unlimited national emergency, 101; and Italy, 6, 318, 368-369, 391, 537-538; and Japan, 6, 79, 107, 127-128, 149-150, 153, 155, 601; and Japanese-Americans, 267; and the Jews, 43, 395-398, 545, 577-579; and labor. 7, 117, 177. 191-192, 194-196, 259-260, 263-265, 334-338, 465, 522; lack of leadership, 65-66, 119-120, 133, 149, 353-355; leads nation in prayer, 476; and the League of Nations, 7, 359; legislative fortunes at lowest ebb, 594; letters and notes, 43, 84, 98, 103, 108, 114, 122-123, 156, 186, 190, 223 230, 232, 241-242, 253, 259, 275, 282, 289-290, 297, 299-300, 307, 314, 334, 335, 363, 371, 390, 417, 436, 445, 450, 512, 561, 584, 587, 594, 609; on liberty, 214; and MacArthur, 109, 182, 205, 207-209, 211, 226, 274, 284, 350, 485, 488-489, 490, 500, 527, 528, 603; meetings with Churchill in the U.S., 176, 178-190, 229, 247, 251, 367, 368-371, 389, 394, 416, 458, 521; meetings with congressional leaders, 61, 433; meeting with Eden, 365-367; meeting with Gromyko, 517-518; meeting with Gimther, 56-58; meeting with Hurley, 588-590; meeting with Mikolajczyk, 483, 570; meetings with Nomura, 134, 135, 155; meetings with Willkie, 43, 275, 280, 512; and the Munich crisis, 7; and the Navy, 46, 228, 244, 349, 444, 526; and Negroes, 123-124, 265-266, 463, 472; non-political posture, 273-281; opinion of Hitler, 67, 68, 140-141; Pacific trip, 488-490, 496, 507, 508; party coali­tion under, 7, 36-43, 274, 279, 524; party-realignment plan, 275-276, 280, 511-512, 513, 608; peace aims and postwar planning, 33. 232, 300-302, 306, 358-364, 365, 509-510, 515, 582; peak of his political prestige, 36; and Pearl Harbor, 162, 163-164, 165, 172, 176; personal popularity, 210, 272-273, 468; and planning, 353-355; pledge to keep out of the war, 6, 28, 42, 388, 513, 530; and Poland, 129, 360, 372, 373, 412, 413, 483, 534-537, 565, 569-573, 583-584, 585; political courage, 606; political goals, 547-550; and presidential organization, 339-343; and the press, 398, 428, 453, 497, 509; press con­ferences, 24, 26, 33, 88, 116, 172-173, 269-270, 273, 323, 332, 384, 423, 428, 460, 463, 468, 472, 476, 497, 532, 540, 553, 596; projected trip to England, 594; projected visit to New York City, 200; as a propagandist, 381-388; proposals of, to Churchill, on India, 219-221; and public opin­ion, 40-43, 66, 98, 152, 209-213, 467-468, 559, 607; at Quebec Conferences, 389, 392-393, 397, 457, 458, 518-521, 543; quotes Lincoln, 107, 492, 507; rallies the nation at the time of Pearl Harbor, 172, 176; reac­tion to German invasion of Russia, 98, 102-103; relations with Churchill, 11, 39-40, 65, 73, 77, 89, 219, 221, 288-290, 369, 403, 405, 415-416, 478-480, 518, 521, 537-538, 585, 596; relations with Congress, 120, 197, 246, 301, 305, 307, 331, 332, 362, 426, 427, 430, 431, 434, 435, 436, 437, 510, 594; relations with Hopkins, 60-61, 62, 579; relations with Joint Chiefs of Staff, 491; relations with Russia, 102-103, 151, 611; relations with Stalin, 201, 232, 313, 399, 412, 416, 484, 537, 566, 575, 585-587, 596, 603, 608; relations with Vichy, 24, 286-287, 293; “Relief, Recovery, and Reform” program, 53; and the Republican party, 7, 38, 43, 122-123, 279, 427, 522-524, 526, 527, 528, 529; respected in France, 290; responds to Churchill’s letter with Lend-Lease program, 25; reviews American Negro troops, 324; reviews courts-martial sentences, 493; reviled in German propaganda, 37, 388; on rubber, 258-259; “Sail on, O Ship of State!” quoted by, 43; salutes the fall of Rome, 476; as seen by Hitler, 15, 67-68, 174, 309, 475; sends to Churchill confidential cable from Chiang Kai-shek, 241; separation of political and military policies, 494, 495, 546, 549, 587; strategy, 84-92, 101, 153, 312, 422, 440, 478, 485; suc­cumbs to classic dilemma of demo­cratic leaders, 550: and taxation, 121, 256-257, 260, 262, 307, 363-364, 433-437, 510, 560; and the Teheran Conference, 389, 400, 406-414, 415, 427, 429, 439, 478, 479, 574, 608; tour of U.S. (1942), 268-271, 279, 282; and unconditional surrender, 323, 384, 393, 397, 422, 440-441, 495, 546, 548, 582; and the U.N., 427-429, 533, 547-548, 560, 565, 566, 567-568, 582, 604, 611; urges Churchill to minimize So­viet problem, 596; “vice of immedi­acy,” 548; visits Adak, 489-490; visits Alaska, 489-490, 507; visits American troops in the field, 321, 324; visits Balaklava battlefield, 578; visits Hawaii, 488-489, 507; visits Malta, 416; visits Marrakesh, 324; visits Rabat and Port Lyautey, 321-322; visits Sevastopol, 578; visit to the Sphinx, 415; visits Tunis, 416; on war aims, 467-468; watches landing exercise at San Diego, 488; and Wendell Willkie, 5, 6, 43, 48-49, 51, 60-61, 194, 274-276, 279-280, 283, 296, 379, 427, 434, 437, 500, 511-513, 528, 604; and world organiza­tions, 359; in World War I, 491; and Yalta Conference, 558, 559, 564-580, 582, 584, 585, 591, 592, 608

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, oratory: acceptance speech f
rom Philadelphia (1936), 508; acceptance speech from San Diego (1944), 506-507, 508; ad­dress to Congress asking for declar­ation of war against Japan, 165-167; address to Congress on the Four Freedoms, 34-35; address to Congress on Yalta Conference, 581-582; address to the nation on Washington’s birthday, 1942, 212-213; “Arsenal of Democracy” speech, 27-29, 35; cam­paign speech at Hotel Statler, Sep­tember 1944, 521-524; campaign speech at Boston. 529-530; Christmas address (1941), 178, (1944), 554; fireside chats, 27-29, 35, 140-141, 142, 172-173, 213, 261, 269, 336, 384, 390, 416, 424, 467, 560-561; inaug­ural address (1933), 260, (1941), 35, (1945), 563; Jefferson Day speech (1943), 357, (1945), 596-597; Navy Day speech (1941), 147-148, (1944), 546; report to the nation on the home front, Columbus Day, 1942, 271; speech on Nazi war aims, May 27, 1941, 100-101; speech to Bremerton workers on his Pacific journey, 508-509; speech to the eighth Pan American Scientific Con­gress, 250; speech to French over BBC on North African landings, 292; speech to neighbors on third election night, 4; speech to White House correspondents on Lend-Lease, 50-51; State of the Union messages, 33-35, 190-192, 305-307, 308, 333-334, 361, 422, 423, 424-425, 559, 560

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, Jr. (son of F.D.R.), 3, 4, 126, 294, 403

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 3rd (grand­son of F.D.R.), 4

  Roosevelt, James (great-grandfather of F.D.R.), 132

  Roosevelt, James (son of F.D.R.), 62, 145, 177, 450, 507, 509, 562