Operation Gladio
Page 43
use of shell and holding companies, 146–47, 148, 149, 150, 151, 169, 170, 171–72, 177, 220
in the US, 280
Vatican Bank, 179–88, 234, 250–51, 289, 290. See also Banco Ambrosiano
use of shell and holding companies, 176, 179–88, 196–97, 222, 225, 235, 236–37, 241, 289
See also “black funds”
Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 (US), 280
Moneyrex (brokerage company), 87–88
Moneyval (anti-money laundering committee of the Council of Europe), 46, 288–89
Montedison, 254
Montini, Giovanni. See Paul VI (pope)
Montoneros. See Movimento Peronista Montonero
Monzat, René, 98
Moretti, Mario, 105, 106, 107
Moretti, Willie, 40
Morgan, Henry Sturgis, 32, 132
Morgan, J. P., Jr., 32, 56
Morgan Bank, 90
Morgan Guaranty Trust (bank), 136
Morgan Stanley, 132
Morgante, Marcello, 65, 213
Mori, Cesare, 64
Morlion, Felix, 14, 106–107, 207, 208, 209, 210–11, 213, 214, 278
Moro, Aldo, 74, 75, 142, 160, 187, 235, 264
kidnapping and death of, 103–104, 105, 106, 107, 175, 234
Morris, Max K., 142, 143, 191
Motta, Cataldo, 178
Movement for the Independence of Sicily, 60
Movimento d'Azione Rivoluzionaria [Revolutionary Action Movement] (Italian terror group) (Italy), 101, 196
Movimento Peronista Montonero (Argentine urban guerrilla group) (MPM), 115
Movimento Sociale Italiano [National Socialist Movement of Italy] (MSI), 75
MPM. See Movimento Peronista Montonero
MSI. See Movimento Sociale Italiano
Mucci, Luca, 185, 186
Mudge Rose Guthrie & Alexander (law firm), 134
Mumcu, Uğur, 206, 214–15, 217
Munich Oktoberfest massacre, 113
Murphy-O'Connor, Cormac, 285
“Muslim Mafia.” See Mafia, Albanian Mafia
Mussolini, Benito, 10, 26, 37, 43, 46, 62, 64
Mustafa, Zef, 178
Musumeci, Pietro, 109
NAR. See Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari (Italy)
Narcotics Control Act (US), 81
Nasser, Kahim, 175
National Archive (US), 30
National Bank of Georgia, 170
National Cash Register Company, 27, 32
National Chinese Army. See Kuomintang
National Hydrocarbons Authority. See Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi
National Intelligence Authority (US), 40
National Intelligence Organization of Turkey. See Milli Istihbarat Teskilati
Nationalist Action Party (Turkey), 68
National Liberation Front (Portugal), 111
National Review (magazine), 9, 51
National Security Act (US), 40, 44
National Security Agency (US), 217
National Security Archive (US), 30
National Security Archive Institute at George Washington University, 264
National Security Council (Turkey), 267
National Security Council (US), 150, 222
National War College (US), 113
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 51, 68, 94, 98, 100, 112, 132, 134, 202, 223, 235, 268, 270, 278, 279
condemnations of, 260–61, 262, 263, 264
Masonic lodges on bases, 15, 63
as source of arms for arms trafficking, 99, 174, 175, 217, 218
NATO's Secret Armies (Ganser), 95
Navarro, Theodore “Fats,” 42
Navy, Department of (US), 35–36
Navy School of Mechanics [Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Navy] (Argentina) (EMSA), 122–23
Nazi Government. See Third Reich
NBC (National Broadcasting Company), 59, 209
‘Ndrangheta (branch of the Mafia). See Mafia
Negroes. See African Americans
Netherlands, CIA in, 261
New Islamic World Order, 14, 170, 272, 275, 276
New Order. See Ordine Nuovo
New World Order, 85, 94, 153, 169
New York Herald Tribune (newspaper), 59
New York Times (newspaper), 59, 135, 213, 250
Ngo Dinh Diem, 58
Ngo Dinh Nhu, 58
Nicaragua, 76, 175, 181, 182, 194, 216, 220, 230
CIA in, 188
Nicholsan, Michael (name used by Çatlı), 268
Nicoletti, Enrico, 240–41
Nidal, Abu, 170
Nixon, Richard M., 16, 86, 95, 97, 98–99, 116, 134, 156, 190
Nixon Administration, 14, 76, 89, 116, 117, 131, 142, 145, 157, 246, 267
Noè, Virgilio, 65, 282
Nogara, Bernardino, 45
Nordeurop Establishment, 179, 225
Noriega, Manuel, 170
SS Normandie (luxury liner), burning of, 36
North, Oliver, 259
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. See NATO
Norway, CIA in, 261
NSC. See National Security Council (US)
Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari [Armed Revolutionary Nuclei] (Italy) (NAR), 108
Nugan, Frank, 148, 149
Nugan Hand Bank, 13, 129, 146, 148–50, 151, 152, 176, 206
Nuovo Banco Ambrosiano, 243
Nur [light] movement, 272
Nursi, Sa'id-i, 272
Obama, Barack, 91
O'Brien, Keith, 285
October Surprise, 16, 193, 207, 220, 222
Office of Management and Budget (US), 221
Office of National Estimates (CIA), 69
Office of Naval Intelligence (US) (ONI), 13, 36, 37, 41, 42–43
Office of Policy Coordination (CIA), 44, 56
Office of Reserve Affairs (OSS), 71
Office of Strategic Services (US) (OSS), 13, 14, 27, 32–33, 70, 106, 130, 132, 147, 150, 209
belief in need for peace with Nazis and focusing on Soviets, 23–24, 25–26, 28–29
involvement with drug trafficking, 30–44
Secret Counterintelligence (SCI), 20, 27, 28
setting up ratlines and stay-behind armies, 25, 27, 28, 47, 51, 71–72
See also Central Intelligence Agency (US) (CIA); Central Intelligence Group (US) (CIG)
Olah, Franz, 67
Oliverso, Mario, 87
ON. See Ordine Nuovo
ONI. See Office of Naval Intelligence (US)
Onorata Società, 38
Operation Condor, 14, 15, 111, 113–27, 128–29, 136, 156, 179–80, 206
Operation Cyclone, 170
Operation Demagnetize, 74
Operation Eagle, 89
Operation Gladio. See Gladio
Operation Husky, 13, 15, 37
Operation Mockingbird, 15, 59, 213, 264–65
Operation Paper, 56
Operation Phoenix, 151, 206
Operation Sunrise, 26
Operation Underworld, 36
Operation X. See Helliwell, Paul E.
opium. See drug trafficking
Opus Dei, 16, 82, 189, 241, 243–45, 253, 254–55
Chilean Institute for General Studies as a think tank for, 19, 117, 245
Orca Supply Company, 207
Orcoyen, Anselmo, 124
Ordeo (subsidiary of United Trading Company), 181
Ordine Nuovo [New Order] (Italy) (ON), 75, 96, 97, 98, 100, 108, 196
organized crime. See Mafia
Orlandi, Emanuela, 16, 237–39, 240, 241, 242, 282
Orlandi, Ercole, 238
Orlandini, Remo, 98
Orlando, Antonio, 283–84
Orlando, Gaetano, 101
Ormento, John, 48
Orson, Roberto, 186
Ortolani, Umberto, 61, 73, 76, 109, 181, 186
OSS. See Office of Strategic Services (US)
Osservatore Politico (newspaper), 104, 159, 235
Osservatore Rom
ano (newspaper), 65, 265
Österreichischer Wander-, Sport- und Geselligkeitsverein [Austrian Hiking, Sports, and Society club], 67
Otto, Hans, 67–68
Öz, Doğan, 202–203
Öz, Yaşar, 278–79
Özcan, Yusuf Ziya, 277
Ozgun, Faruk (name used by Ağca), 210
Ozkay, Mehmet (name used by Çatlı and Ağca), 266, 268
P2 (Propaganda Due), 15, 16, 62–66, 89, 93, 109–110, 141, 249
and arms trafficking, 217–18
arranging for attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II, 205, 206
and the Banda della Magliana, 233, 234
and the Bologna bombing, 108–110
developing branches in other countries, 76
drafting plan for “Democratic Rebirth” of Italy, 102
establishing lodges in Latin America, 181
and Gelli, 20, 66, 76–78, 102, 103–104, 108, 115, 141–42, 159, 181–82, 186, 188, 193–94, 208, 223, 233–34, 235, 241, 251, 281
Gelli's secret files on P2, 107, 109–110, 194–95, 196, 235, 249
John Paul I plans to strip Catholic clerics of titles for belonging, 159–60
and Juan Perón, 114–15
members of, 13, 89, 104, 109–110, 115, 142, 156, 174, 175, 181, 186, 187, 193, 196, 197, 217, 235, 241, 247, 265
Pope John Paul II never censuring, 281
Sindona taking list of, 189, 191
receiving CIA funds, 95
relationship with Vatican, 236, 253
and Sindona, 251
Pacchetti (company), 134
Pacelli, Eugenio. See Pius XII (pope)
Pacem in Terris [Peace on Earth] (encyclical), 69
Página/12 (newspaper), 124
Pagnoni, Edmondo, 218
Palermo, Carlo, 216, 217–19
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 105, 108, 174, 199, 202
Palestra, Vittore, 65
Paley, William S., 59, 132
Palumbo, Giovan Battista, 109
Panama, 30, 57, 72, 84, 170, 214
shell companies in, 87, 94, 119, 140, 146, 176, 179, 225, 230, 235, 237
Pan American World Airways, 157
Pandico, Giovanni, 208
Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Greece), 112
Panorama (magazine), 226
Pantaleone, Michele, 37–38
pan-Turkism movement, 172–73, 202, 270–72
Papandreou, George, 112
Paraguay, Gladio in, 114
Paramount Pictures, 92
Paribas Transcontinental, 91
Parisi, Vincenzo, 238, 239, 241
Parker, Charlie, 42
Parker, Guy, 150
“Parliamentary Commission of the Italian Senate for the Investigation of Terrorism in Italy,” 259
Partel, Glauco, 176, 217
Partito Comunista Italiano [Italian Communist Party] (PCI), 15, 28, 43–44, 69, 74, 102, 105, 142, 151, 234, 250
gains in 1969 elections, 94, 95
Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan [Kurdistan Workers’ Party] (PKK), 267–68, 271–72, 273
Paul VI (pope), 10, 37, 66, 83, 89, 91–92, 103, 117, 139, 159, 165–66, 181, 283
calls for his resignation, 139, 140
death of, 154
election of, 66, 70
and Gelli, 66, 72
knighting of Gelli, 15, 70
as Giovanni Montini, 13, 37, 47, 59, 60, 62, 66, 70, 72, 73
and liberal theology, 116
Pazienza, Francesco, 14, 208, 209, 213, 218, 223, 226
PCI. See Partito Comunista Italiano
Pecorelli, Carmine “Mino,” 16, 104, 105, 107, 110, 159, 234, 235, 265
pedophilia and the Catholic Church, 241, 286–87, 289
Pellegrino, Giovanni, 95, 264
Pellegrino, Michele, 65
Pelosi, Walter, 104
People's Liberty Bank and Trust Company, 280
People's Republic of China, 59
Pera, Martin F., 79
Permindex (CIA front organization), 73–74
Perón, Isabel, 115
Perón, Juan, 14, 71, 110, 114–15, 126
Peru, 114, 117, 230, 237
Peteano (Italy) attack, 16, 99, 100, 256
Peterson, Peter G., 135
Phao Sriyanonda, 57, 59
Piano di Rinascita Democratica [Plan of Democratic Rebirth] (P2), 102
Piano Solo, 15, 74–75, 77
Piazza Fontana bombing, 15, 95, 96, 97, 111
Picchiotti, Franco, 109
Pieczenik, Steve, 103, 104
Pietzcker, Thomas, 254, 255
Pinelli, Giuseppe, 96
Pinochet, Augusto, 112, 117, 118, 136, 160, 181
Pinto, Pio Vito, 282
Pious Christian Crusade (Argentina), 121
Pius VI (pope), 165
Pius XII (pope), 106, 166, 286
creating the Vatican Bank, 15, 45
fears of Communism, 46, 46–47, 49, 50–51
and Masonic lodges in Italy, 63, 66
“Pizza Connection,” 218
PKK. See Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan
Placido, Pasquale, 64
“Plan Bleu,” 66
Plante, Bill, 222
PLO. See Palestine Liberation Organization
Plot to Kill the Pope, The (Henze), 214
Poland, 16, 26, 50, 155–56, 175, 182, 187, 198, 199, 245
Poletti, Charles, 38
Poletti, Ugo, 159, 241, 242, 281
Politi, Marco, 287
Pontifical Biblical Institute, 61
Poole, Elijah (aka Elijah Muhammad), 257
Popham, Peter, 232
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, 223
Portella della Ginestra, Italy, massacre in, 49
Portillo, Álvaro del, 255
Portugal, 76
CIA in, 111, 220, 261
“Position of the United States with Respect to Italy,” (CIA report), 43–44
Pound, Ezra, 27
Power and the Glory, The (Yallop), 189
President's Commission on Organized Crime (US), 250–51
Price Waterhouse, 147, 171
Primatesta, Raúl Francisco, 122
Priori, Rosario, 239, 240
Proctor and Gamble, 92
Pro Deo (Catholic intelligence agency), 106–107
Pro-Deo movement, 208
Pro Deo University (later Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali [International University of Social Studies]), 106–107, 278
Profaci, Joe, 40
Project Haven, 147–48
“Proletarian Committee for the Eversion (sic) of an Improved Justice,” 189–92
Propaganda Massonica Due. See P2 (Propaganda Due)
Provenzano, Bernardo, 173, 174
Pugliese, Massimo, 217–18
Puglisi, Giuseppe, 283
Qué Pasa (Opus Dei magazine), 117, 245
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (US) (RICO), 284, 286
Radio Free Europe, 51, 105, 132
Radio Free Liberty, 51
Raffaele del Monte Tabor (biochemical center), 289
Ramsey, Ruth, 33
ratlines for escaping Nazis, 47, 71, 72–73, 254, 284, 289
Ratzinger, Josef. See Benedict XVI (pope)
Rauff, Walter, 47
Rauti, Pino, 96, 101
Reader's Digest (magazine), 213
Reagan Administration, 194, 199, 218, 223, 245, 249
Red Army Faction of Germany, 105
Red Brigades, 99, 101, 103, 104, 105–106, 107–108, 191, 235, 264
Redemptor Hominis (John Paul II), 154
Rega, José López, 110, 115
Republic Aviation, 72
Republic National Bank of New York, 280
Research Associates International, 176, 207
Reuters, 59
Reynolds, Garth, 184
Ribière, Henri Alexis, 66
Rice, Patrick, 123
&nb
sp; RICO. See Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (US)
Riggs National Bank, 280
Riina, Salvatore “Toto,” 73, 173, 174, 208, 210, 248, 265
Riley, Murray, 149
Riunione Adriatica di Sicurta (insurance company), 60
Rizzi, Mario, 282
Rizzoli, Angelo, Jr., 109
Rizzoli publishing firm, 181, 246
Rizzotto, Placido, 49
Roa Pérez, Domingo, 117
ROC (CIA code name for secret army in Norway), 261
Rocca, Renzo, 75
Rocchi, Carlo, 249, 251–52
Roche, John, 244
Rockefeller, David, 14, 16, 85, 91, 92, 131, 132, 133, 136, 196, 224
Rockefeller, Nelson, 56, 116, 131, 132, 133
Rockefeller foundation, 29
Rogers, William, 120–21
Roggen, Hans, 163
Rolling Stone (magazine), 250
Romero, Óscar Arnulfo, 120, 198
Romita, Florenzo, 65
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 26
Roosevelt, Nicholas, 32
Rosone, Roberto, 179, 186, 226–27, 228–29, 234
Rossano, Pietro, 282
Rössner, Hugo, 66–67
Roth, Arthur T., 133, 135
Rothschild Bank, 90, 222
Rowse, Arthur, 256
Royal Lao Army (Laos), 145
Rubin, Sergio, 126
Ruini, Camillo, 265
Russo, Giuseppe Genco, 37, 50, 79, 81
Sacred Congregation of the Faith, The, 61
Safari Club, 16, 205, 207–208, 255
Saigon, Vietnam, 15, 16, 58, 88–89, 145, 151, 152, 155, 167
“Saint Serafino Foundation,” 255
St. Clair, Jeffrey, 30
Salvo, Antonino “Nino,” 64
San Benedetto Val di Sambro, bombing near, 101–102
Sánchez Asiaín, José, 254, 255
Sandinista National Liberation Front (Nicaragua), 181, 194
San Jose Mercury News (newspaper), 119
Santapaola, Nitto, 174, 175
Santini, Pietro, 65
Santovito, Giuseppe, 13, 76, 104, 109, 175, 207, 208, 209, 212–13, 217, 218–19, 223
Saragat, Giuseppe, 98
Saturday Evening Post (magazine), 59
Savasman, Sabahattin, 172
Scaife, Richard Mellon, 41
Scarano, Nunzio, 290
Schardt, Henry P., 204
Schellenberg, Walter, 23
Schiaparelli (pharmaceutical company), 41, 48, 52
Schlesinger, James, 135
Schutzstaffel “Protection Squadron” of the Third Reich, 23, 26, 47
SCI. See Secret Counterintelligence
Sciacchitano, Giusto, 247
Scotland, 220, 285
Scott, Peter Dale, 147
Scowcroft, Brent, 171
Scripps Howard, 59
SDECE. See Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionnage
SDRA (CIA code name for secret army in Belgium), 261
Seal, Barry, 221