Careless People: Murder, Mayhem, and the Invention of The Great Gatsby

by Churchwell, Sarah

Lanahan, Eleanor. Scottie, the Daughter of . . . : The Life of Frances Scott Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

  ———, ed. Zelda—An Illustrated Life: The Private World of Zelda Fitzgerald. New York: Abrams, 1996.

  Lardner, Ring. The Best of Ring Lardner. London: Dent, 1984.

  ———. What of It? New York: Scribner, 1925.

  Lerner, Michael A. Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007.

  Le Vot, André. F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Biography. 1979. William Byron, trans. London: Allen Lane, 1984.

  Lewis, Alfred Allan. Man of the World: Herbert Bayard Swope: A Charmed Life of Pulitzer Prizes, Poker and Politics. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1978.

  Long, Robert Emmet. The Achieving of The Great Gatsby: F. Scott Fitzgerald, 1920–1925. 1979. Reprint London: Associated University Press, 1981.

  Longstreet, Stephen. The Crime. 1959. Reprint Greenwich: Crest, 1961.

  MacElhone, Harry, Andrew MacElhone, and Duncan MacElhone. Harry’s ABC of Mixing Cocktails. London: Souvenir, 2006.

  March, Joseph Moncure, and Art Spiegelman. The Wild Party: The Lost Classic. New York: Pantheon, 1994.

  Meade, Marion. Bobbed Hair and Bathtub Gin: Writers Running Wild in the Twenties. Orlando: Harcourt, 2004.

  ———. Dorothy Parker: What Fresh Hell Is This? New York: Villard, 1988.

  Mellow, James R. Invented Lives: F. Scott & Zelda Fitzgerald. 1984. London: Condor/Souvenir, 1985.

  ———. Invented Lives: F. Scott & Zelda Fitzgerald. 1984. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1984.

  Mencken, H. L. The American Language: A Preliminary Inquiry Into the Development of English in the United States. New York: Knopf, 1919.

  ———. The Diary of H. L. Mencken. Charles A. Fecher, ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990.

  Meyers, Jeffrey. Edmund Wilson: A Biography. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995.

  ———. Scott Fitzgerald: A Biography. 1994. New York: Cooper Square, 2000.

  Milford, Nancy. Zelda Fitzgerald. 1970. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1974.

  Miller, Nathan. New World Coming: The 1920s and the Making of Modern America. Boston: Da Capo, 2004.

  Mizener, Arthur. The Far Side of Paradise: A Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1951.

  Moore, Lucy. Anything Goes: A Biography of the Roaring Twenties. 2008. London: Atlantic, 2009.

  Morris, Jan. Manhattan ’45. London: Faber and Faber, 2011.

  Morris, Lloyd. Incredible New York: High Life and Low Life from 1850 to 1950. 1951. Reprint New York: Syracuse University Press, 1996.

  Murphy, Gerald and Sara, and friends. Letters from the Lost Generation. Linda Patterson Miller, ed. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991.

  North, Michael. Reading 1922: A Return to the Scene of the Modern. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  Noyes Hart, Frances. The Bellamy Trial. 1928. Reprint Kingswood, Surrey: Windmill, 1930.

  O’Hara, John. Selected Letters of John O’Hara. Matthew J. Bruccoli, ed. New York: Random House, 1978.

  Okrent, Daniel. Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner, 2010.

  Parker, Dorothy. Laments for the Living: Collected Stories. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, 1939.

  Parkinson, Kathleen. F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby. 1987. London: Penguin Books, 1988.

  Pegolotti, James A. Deems Taylor: A Biography. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2003.

  Peretti, Burton W. Nightclub City: Politics and Amusement in Manhattan. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.

  Petronius, Gaius. The Satyricon. W. C. Firebaugh, trans. New York: Boni & Liveright, 1922.

  Phelps, William Lyon. As I Like It. 1923. Reprint New York: Scribner, 1926.

  Pietrusza, David. Rothstein: The Life, Times and Murder of the Criminal Genius who Fixed the 1919 World Series. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2003.

  Pincus, Roberta, ed. This Is Great Neck: A History of the Great Neck Community from 1600 to the Present. 1975. Great Neck, NY: Great Neck Library, 1983.

  Piper, Henry Dan. Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby: The Novel, The Critics, The Background. New York: Scribner, 1970.

  Piper, Henry Dan. F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Critical Portrait. 1965. Reprint London: The Bodley Head, 1966.

  Prigozy, Ruth. F. Scott Fitzgerald. 2001. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2004.

  Procter, Ben. William Randolph Hearst: The Later Years, 1911–1951. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

  Rascoe, Burton. A Bookman’s Daybook. New York: Horace Liveright, 1929.

  ———. Before I Forget. New York: Doran, 1937.

  ———. We Were Interrupted. New York: Doubleday, 1947.

  Ring, Frances Kroll. Against the Current: As I Remember F. Scott Fitzgerald. San Francisco: Donald S. Ellis, 1985.

  Roulston, Robert, and Helen H. Roulston. The Winding Road to West Egg: The Artistic Development of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Lewisburg: Bucknell University, 1995.

  Seldes, Gilbert. The 7 Lively Arts: The Classic Appraisal of the Popular Arts. 1924. Reprint Mineola, NY: Dover, 2001.

  Sinclair, Andrew. Prohibition: The Era of Excess. London: Faber and Faber, 2009.

  Sklar, Robert. F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Last Laocoön. 1967. Reprint Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969.

  Spacks, Patricia Meyer. Gossip. 1985. Reprint Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.

  Spear, Devah, and Gil Spear. The Book of Great Neck. Great Neck, NY: Author, 1936.

  Speare, Dorothy. Dancers in the Dark. New York: George H. Doran Co., 1922.

  Steel, Ronald. Walter Lippmann and the American Century. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980.

  Sullivan, Mark. Our Times, the Twenties. New York: Scribner, 1935.

  Tate, Mary Jo. Critical Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work. New York: Facts on File, 2007.

  Taylor, Kendall. Sometimes Madness Is Wisdom: Zelda and Scott Fitzgerald, A Marriage. New York: Ballantine, 2001.

  Tomlinson, Gerald. Fatal Tryst: Who Killed the Minister and the Choir Singer? Lake Hopatcong, NJ: Home Run, 1999.

  Turnbull, Andrew. Scott Fitzgerald: A Biography. London: The Bodley Head, 1962.

  Vaill, Amanda. Everybody Was So Young: Gerald and Sara Murphy—A Lost Generation Love Story. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

  Van Doren, Carl. Many Minds. New York: Knopf, 1924.

  Van Vechten, Carl. The Splendid Drunken Twenties: Selections from the Daybooks, 1922–1930. Bruce Kellner, ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003.

  ———. Parties: Scenes from Contemporary New York Life. 1930. Reprint Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1971.

  Wagner-Martin, Linda. Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald: An American Woman’s Life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

  Way, Brian. F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Art of Social Fiction. New York: St. Martin’s Press,1980.

  West, James L. W., III. The Perfect Hour: The Romance of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ginevra King, His First Love. 2005. New York: Random House, 2006.

  Wilson, Edmund. The American Earthquake: A Documentary of the Jazz Age, the Great Depression, and the New Deal. New York: Doubleday, 1958.

  Wilson, Edmund. Edmund Wilson: Letters on Literature and Politics, 1912–1972. Elena Wilson, ed. 1957. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1977.

  ———. The Twenties: From Notebooks and Diaries of the Period. London: Macmillan, 1975.

  ———. Wilson’s Night Thoughts. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1961.

  ———. Discordant Encounters: Plays and Dialogs. New York: Albert and Charles Boni, 1926.

  Yardley, Jonathan. Ring: A Biography of Ring Lardner. New York: Random House, 1977.

  Zeitz, Joshua. Flapper: A Madcap
Story of Sex, Style, Celebrity, and the Women Who Made America Modern. New York: Crown, 2006.

  Zhang, Aiping. Enchanted Places: The Use of Setting in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Fiction. Westport: Greenwood, 1997.

  ILLUSTRATION CREDITS

  American magazine: 151

  Author’s collection: 49, 58, 76, 191

  © Bettmann/Corbis: 206 (top)

  Burton Rascoe Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Pennsylvania: 237, 300

  Daily News: 312 (top)

  Duke University: 53 (top)

  The Estate of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Fitzgerald: 75, 97, 127 128, 160, 162, 163, 166, 225, 261 (bottom), 331

  Franklin Township Public Library Historical Collections: 139 (middle)

  Gordon Bryant, Metropolitan magazine: 11

  Gordon Bryant, Shadowland magazine: 10

  Great Neck Library: 91

  Life magazine: 193

  Louisville Courier-Journal: 29 (top)

  Photo by Nickolas Muray, © Nickolas Muray Photo Archives. Courtesy of the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library (Yale University): 31

  New Republic: 318

  The New York Times: 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 33, 35 (bottom), 39, 40, 43, 46, 48, 50, 53 (bottom), 62, 63, 71, 74, 79, 81, 86, 90, 93, 96, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 108, 109, 115, 116, 119, 123, 125 (bottom), 133, 144, 149, 154, 155 (top), 158, 161, 162, 164, 168, 170, 173, 174, 176, 178 (top), 182, 185, 187, 188 (top), 190, 194, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206 (bottom), 209 (bottom), 210, 212 (bottom), 214, 217, 223, 224 (top), 230, 231, 234, 235, 238, 239, 241, 244, 246, 250, 254, 256, 261 (top), 264, 265, 269, 271, 273, 276, 277, 278, 280, 282, 287, 290, 295, 302, 305 (top), 309, 312 (bottom), 322, 327, 329, 336

  The New Yorker: 305 (bottom)

  New York Tribune: 54, 59, 60, 118, 125 (top), 139 (top), 155 (bottom) 178 (bottom), 192

  New York World: 27, 29 (bottom), 36, 61, 80, 84, 94, 98, 113, 130, 137, 163, 180, 188 (bottom), 199, 211, 216, 243

  Paramount Pictures: 212

  Courtesy of the Queens Borough Public Library, Archives, World’s Fair Collection © Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority: 51

  Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University Libraries (Hall-Mills Murder Case Photograph Album): 311

  Saturday Evening Post: 191

  University of South Carolina Libraries (Columbia, SC), Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Matthew J. and Arlyn Bruccoli Collection of F. Scott Fitzgerald: 166

  INDEX

  abortions, 165–66

  “Absolution” (Fitzgerald), 38, 173–74, 307

  accidents and accidentals, 35–35, 39, 48–50, 52, 55, 104, 105, 177, 223, 233, 238, 242, 254–55, 285, 304

  Adams, Franklin Pierce, 154

  Adams, James Truslow, 344

  advertising, 52–53, 105

  Advertising and Selling, 100

  Algonquin Round Table, 154, 158–59, 164, 187

  All the Sad Young Men (Fitzgerald), 101, 307

  American Dream, 344

  “American Fiction” (Woolf), 16

  American magazine, 25, 80

  Anderson, Frank, 140

  Anderson, Sherwood, 43–44, 45, 46

  Arbuckle, Roscoe “Fatty,” 103

  Aristotle, 256

  Armstrong, Mary, 180

  ash heaps, 51, 52–53, 169, 232

  Babbitt (Lewis), 247–49

  “Babylon Revisited” (Fitzgerald), 308, 317

  Bahmer, Nicholas, 53–54, 95, 99

  Bahmer, Pearl, 53–54, 85, 95, 99, 190, 200

  Baker, Jordan (character), xxiv, 24, 104, 140–41, 150, 186, 208, 232, 241, 257, 280, 327–28

  Bankhead, Tallulah, 158–59, 187

  Barnhardt, Elise, 47–48, 216

  Barthelmess, Richard, 178, 179

  bathtub gin, 14, 127–28

  Bauchle, George Young, 129

  BBC (British Broadcasting Company), 100

  Beal, Peggy, 139–40

  The Beautiful and Damned (Fitzgerald), 9, 18, 26–27, 39, 65, 67, 77, 104, 116, 144, 150, 166, 198, 214, 236–38, 268, 278, 316

  Becker, Charles, 135, 136

  Beekman (prosecutor), 79, 94–95

  Benét, William Rose, 297

  Berlin, Irving, 35, 251

  Berryman, John, 342

  Biggs, John, 330, 335

  “Biography as Fiction” (Cournos), 190

  Bishop, John Peale, 19, 33–34, 59, 219, 305, 321

  Black Sox World Series scandal of 1919, 89–90, 136

  Blair, Mary, 31, 40, 62, 74, 269

  Bly, Nellie, 196–97

  boarding house in Morningside Heights, 64–65

  Boni & Liveright, 40

  “A Bookman’s Day Book” (Rascoe), 62

  The Book of Daniel Drew (White), 196

  books, power of, 140

  bootleggers and bootlegging, 15, 72, 120–21, 121–22, 123–24, 126, 194, 195, 210, 226

  Boyd, Ernest, 81, 228–29, 247, 263–64, 265

  broadcasting, 17, 100

  Bronx, 64–65

  Brooks, Van Wyck, 226–28, 246

  The Brothers Karamazov (Dostoevsky), 108

  Broun, Heywood, 159, 177, 183

  Bruccoli, Matthew J., 167, 171, 299, 361n, 364n

  Buchanan, Daisy (character), 24, 26, 29, 67, 73, 77, 78, 114–15, 140, 141, 149, 157, 175–76, 177–78, 178–80, 186, 206–9, 217, 218, 231–32, 233, 241–42, 255–56, 264, 271–72, 282, 288, 303, 308

  Buchanan, Tom (character), 25, 26, 37, 39, 65–66, 67, 68, 85–86, 113, 114–15, 115–16, 132, 138–39, 141, 155, 186, 206–8, 231–32, 241, 242, 272, 281–82, 303, 328–29

  Buck, Gene, 86, 170–73, 188

  Buck, Helen, 86, 170–73, 188, 265, 317

  Buckley, Charles, 130–31

  Burgess, Frederick “Bunny,” 273, 279, 280

  Burgess, Olive Moore, 279

  Capone, Al, 194

  Carberry, Phillip, 254–55

  Carpender, Henry, 181, 310–12

  Carraway, Nick (character), 7–8, 22, 24, 26, 37–38, 40–41, 43, 55, 56, 66, 67–68, 73–74, 85, 104, 108–9, 111–12, 113, 114–15, 119, 138–39, 140–41, 141–42, 163–64, 177–78, 185–86, 198–99, 205, 206–7, 208–9, 215, 217, 218, 232–33, 241, 242, 256–57, 271–72, 280–81, 284, 288, 289–90, 295, 302–3, 327, 328–329, 334–35, 356n

  Cather, Willa, 165–66

  celebrities and celebrity culture, 26–27, 45, 54–55, 101, 102, 109–110, 112, 158, 170, 207

  Cerenner, Salome, 311

  Chambers, Robert W., 268, 286, 300, 301

  Charleston (dance), 102, 359n

  Chicago Tribune, 89

  Chicago White Sox, 90

  Civet, Doc (character), 208

  Cleveland Plain Dealer, 243

  cocktails and cocktail parties, xxiii, 14, 88–89, 112, 120, 127–28, 212

  Cody, Dan (character), 195–96, 199, 303

  Collier’s, 159

  Collins, Seward, 62, 74

  Colum, Mary, 215–16

  Conrad, Joseph, 118, 145, 171–72, 173, 174, 215, 216, 253

  Consolidated Stock Exchange, 133

  Cournos, John, 189–90

  Cowley, Malcolm, 341–42, 343–44, 356n

  The Crack-Up and Other Essays (Wilson, ed.), 322, 324, 341

  The Crime in the Whistler Room (Wilson), 125–26, 286

  Croirier, Bobbé, 275

  Cronk, Dr., 60

  Crowninshield, Frank, 57

  Cugat, Francis, 296

  Cummings, Edith, 141

  Cummings, E. E., 17, 44

  “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button” (Fitzgerald), 159

  “The Da
nce” (Fitzgerald), 102

  Dance, Beatrice, 329–30

  Davies, Reine, 244–46

  “The Delegate from Great Neck” (Wilson), 226–27

  DeMille, Cecil B., 39, 83

  Dial magazine, 168–70

  “The Diamond as Big as the Ritz” (Fitzgerald), 226

  “Dice, Brassknuckles & Guitar” (Fitzgerald), 203–5, 367n

  Dietz, Howard, 93

  The Disenchanted (Schulberg), 343

  Dos Passos, John, 43–46, 57, 58–59, 62, 74, 176, 189, 263, 269, 279

  Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 108, 300

  Doyle, Arthur Conan, 230

  Drawbell, James, 63–64, 357n

  Dreiser, Theodore, 120

  Drew, Daniel, 195–96

  Duncan, Isadora, 307

  Dwan, Allan, 102–3

  Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, 201–2, 217

  “Echoes of the Jazz Age” (Fitzgerald), xvi–xvii, 34

  Eckleburg, T. J., 52–53, 169, 232, 241, 255

  Eighteenth Amendment, 123

  Einstein, Albert, 174–75

  El Fey nightclub, 156–57

  Eliot, T. S., xvi, 64, 84, 130, 168–70, 214, 219, 305

  Ellingson, Dorothy, 277

  Elwell, Joseph Browne, 270

  Empson, William, 130

  Engalitcheff, Vladimir “Val,” 86–87, 166–67, 283

  The Epic of America (Adams), 344

  Esquire, 322

  essays. See publications of Fitzgerald

  Etiquette (Post), 24–25

  “Eulogy on the Flapper” (Z. Fitzgerald), 26–27

  The Far Side of Paradise (Mizener), 343

  fashions, 23–25

  Fay, Larry, 129, 155–57

  Felton, Rebecca, 201, 202, 203

  Ferber, Edna, 94

  Fitzgerald, F. Scott , xv, xvi, xix, xx–xxi, xxii, xxiv–xxv, 1–2, 8, 10, 10, 18–19, 25, 27, 28, 33–34, 45, 46, 52–53, 64, 75–76, 76–77, 78, 86, 87, 109–10, 116, 118, 123, 129, 135, 136, 143, 144, 177, 187, 226, 227, 228, 229, 236, 237, 250, 254, 256, 257, 267–68, 282, 283, 285, 286–87, 295, 297, 306, 308, 312–13, 313–14, 315, 316–17, 318–20, 322, 323, 325–26, 329, 330–33, 334–35, 341, 343, 345, 361n, 362n See also publications of Fitzgerald

  Fitzgerald, Scottie, 1, 9, 76, 257, 273, 317, 318, 323, 324, 333, 334, 343