The Victorians
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champions Elizabeth Siddal, 318
declining influence, 231
divorce from Effie, 289
and Gladstone, 356, 360–2
on Great Exhibition, 143–4
and Holman Hunt and Pre-Raphaelites, 164–5, 171
in Italy, 86–8
and Lewis Carroll (Dodgson), 327
marriage to Effie, 165–6, 289, 325
masturbating, 289
mental decline, 326
and Millais, 165–6
pessimism, 415, 417
political contradictions, 22, 120, 361–2
Protestant upbringing, 64
and Rose la Touche, 325–6
social thinking, 46, 165, 167, 362
sued by Whistler, 87, 422
supports Governor Eyre, 271
teaching, 326
on Turner’s Slavers, 52
uses baby language, 326
on Victoria, 360
visits Venice, 87–8
on Wordsworth, 133
The Ethics of the Dust, 326
Fors Clavigera, 422
Modern Painters, 164–5
Praeterita, 361
The Stones of Venice, 87
Unto this Last, 326
Ruskin, John James (John’s father), 88, 165
Russell, Bertrand, 109, 569–71
The Principles of Mathematics, 570
Russell, Conrad, 5th Earl, 111n
Russell, Lord John (later 1st Earl Russell)
career, 136
and Catholic Church, 141–2, 541
and Chartist threat, 116–17, 119
and Corn Laws, 73
and Crimean War, 187
demands Palmerston’s resignation, 146
and failure of Chartism, 113
and franchise, 261, 271, 330–1
and Great Exhibition, 128
as Home Secretary under Aberdeen, 146
and Irish Famine, 75, 80, 83, 309
and Palmerston’s premiership, 190
as Prime Minister, 330–1
and Reform Bill (1832), 39–40, 192
and religion, 185
view of American Civil War, 251, 253–4, 258
and working hours, 151
Russell, Odo, 347
Russell, Scott, 128
Russell, Lord William, 336
Russell, William Howard
in India, 214–15
reports on Crimea, 175–6, 178–81, 183–4, 186–7
on slavery in America, 247–8
Russia
corn tariffs, 427
in Crimean War, 181–4, 187, 194
diplomatic aims, 184
emancipation of serfs in, 248
as European power, 388
expansionism, 173
and Ottoman Empire, 391–3
pan-Slavic sentiments in, 187, 391
religious piety in, 185–6
war with Turkey (1877), 399–401
see also Balkan Crisis
Rutland, John Manners, 6th Duke of (earlier Lord John Manners), 65, 67, 408
sadism, 291
St Arnaud, Marshal Achille le Roy de, 179
‘St John’s Wood Clique’, 322
St Laurence, Mme de, 24
St Leonards, Edward Burtonshaw Sugden, Baron, 306
St Paul’s Magazine, 190
St Petersburg liberals, 185
Salisbury, James Brownlow Cecil, 2nd Marquess of, 29–30
Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of (earlier Lord Robert Cecil)
in Balkan crisis, 399–400
and Cleveland Street scandal, 565
at Congress of Berlin, 403
and constituency boundaries, 573
on Daily Mail, 590
disparages democratic idea, 252
dress, 580
at Eton, 29
on Franco-Prussian War, 345
high Anglicanism, 356, 557, 605
and housing reform, 444
Irish policy, 531–2
and Jack the Ripper murders, 526–7
and Local Government Act, 587
and new peerage, 583
and Parnell, 455
and popular agitation, 508
and potential revolution, 617
premierships, 27, 479, 546, 573–4
privilege, 482–3
relations with Disraeli, 252, 386, 399
resigns over Reform Bill, 331
and schooling, 281
and scramble for Africa, 487, 489–90
and Victoria, 503, 508
Salvation Army, 378
San Stefano, Treaty of (1878), 400, 403
Sandford, G.W., 345
Sanitary Acts (1848, 1866), 309
sanitation, 23, 157–8, 309
Sankey, Ira D., 377–8, 405
Sargent, John Singer, 559
saving, 58
Savings Bank movement, 261
Savoy Operas see Gilbert and Sullivan operas
Savoy, The (magazine), 555
Savoy Theatre, London, 420
Scarlett, Sir James, 200
Schleswig-Holstein, 123, 239–40, 347–8
schools, 29–30, 281–2, 289–92, 556–7
see also public schools
Schreiner, Olive, 559
science
conflict with religion, 96–7, 103, 227, 232, 377, 557
exploration and, 488
in Germany, 350
interest in, 104–7
investigates psychic phenomena, 439
Kingsley on, 298–9, 304
materialism, 556–7
reaction to Darwinism, 232–3
in school education, 280, 556–7
Scotland
British army recruitment from, 193
subsistence levels in, 429
Scott, Charlotte, 421
Scott, Sir Walter, 19, 28, 36, 65, 165, 274
Scutari, 175, 177, 179
Seacole, Mary, 176–8, 180
Sebastopol, 178–9, 183, 187, 352
Secret Ballot, 361
sectarianism, 445
Sedgwick, Adam, 95
Seeley, Sir John: Ecce Homo, 167
sepoys
caste system and transport, 203
conditions of service, 203, 207
in Crimean War, 180
in Cyprus, 400
in Indian Mutiny, 201, 204–5, 207, 222
loyalty to East India Company, 219
pay, 125–6
recruits to, 203
religious sensibilities, 126, 201, 203
role, 20, 202
see also Indian Mutiny
Serbia, 392, 394–5
servants, 318
Seurat, Denis: Bathers at Asnières (painting), 344
Severn, Arthur, 326
sewage see sanitation
Seward, William Henry, 253
sex and sexuality, 234–6, 291, 300–2, 526, 598
see also homosexuality; prostitution
Seymour, Robert: Humorous Sketches, 18
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl of (earlier Lord Ashley)
condemns Ecce Homo, 167
and failure of Chartism, 113
faith, 149, 151, 167–8
funeral, 486
hatred of factory system, 60, 75
marriage, 193
parliamentary career, 66
photographed, 437
reforms, 41, 119, 151, 167, 307, 428
and social class, 256–7
and social problems, 515
votes against Prince Albert’s allowance, 55
Shaw, Charles, 13
Shaw, George Bernard, 414–15, 444, 475, 511, 548–9, 564, 577
Shaw, Norman, 384
sheep, 428
Shelburne, Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, Earl of (later 4th Marquess of Lansdowne), 40
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 12
Shepstone, Sir Theophilus, 401
Sherer, J.W., 212–13
Sherma
n, General Tecumseh, 247
shopping: as leisure activity, 409
Sibthorpe, Colonel Charles de Laet Waldo, 54–5, 66, 120, 136
Siddal, Elizabeth (Mrs D.G. Rossetti), 159–61, 163, 317–18
Sidgwick, Henry, 439
Sidgwick, Mary see Benson, Mary
Sikh wars, 125, 201
Sikhs
in army, 203, 222
and partition (1947), 498–9
relations with British, 221–2
Simmons, W.H., 159
Sims, George, 442–4
Sind: conquered, 125
Sinope, battle of (1853), 174, 352
slavery
abolition of, 48–50, 52, 268, 272, 362
in Africa, 489–90
and American Civil War, 247–8, 254, 256, 268–9, 297–8
and American Constitution, 249
attitudes to, 20, 247–8, 255
economic implications of, 51, 248–9, 254
Kingsley on, 297
treatment of victims, 48–53
in West Indies, 48–50
Slavophiles, 185
slums see housing
Smiles, Samuel, 26
Self-help, 191
Smirke, Robert, 542, 544
Smith, Adam, 22
Wealth of Nations, 132
Smith, Frank, 510
Smith, Joseph, 549
Smith, Revd Sydney, 70–1, 83
Smith, William Henry, 423–4, 479, 482, 485
Smithers (publisher), 556
smoking (tobacco), 197–9
Smyth, Colonel Carmichael, 201, 204
Smyth, (Dame) Ethel Mary, 568
Snow,, Dr John: On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, 156–7
Snowden, Philip (later Viscount), 573
Social Democratic Federation, 511, 514, 573, 578
social values, 120, 307–8, 352, 545–7
socialism, 361, 443, 449, 517–18, 548, 574–9
Socialist League, 445–6
Society for the Encouragement of Art, Manufacture and Commerce, 128
Society for Psychical Research, 439, 530
Solomon, Simeon, 553
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 431
Somerset, Lord Arthur, 564–5
Somerset, Lord Fitzroy, 117
Somerset, Captain Lord Poullet, 179
Somerset House, London, 117
Somerville College, Oxford, 480
Soper, Kate, 311
Sophia, Princess, 26
Souls, the (group), 556, 558–60
South Africa
Boers in, 490
British expansion in, 124
gold and diamonds in, 595–6, 604–6
unrest in, 126
see also Boer War; Kruger, Stephanus Johannes Paul; Rhodes, Cecil; Zulu War
South Kensington museums, 57, 144
Soyer, Alexis, 175–6, 180, 195–6
Spaeth, Baroness de, 25
Spain, 123
Spectator, The (journal), 213, 462
Speke, John Hanning, 488, 493
Spencer, Charles (balloonist), 137
Spencer, Herbert, 94, 224, 230, 232, 377, 574
Spielmann, M.H., 219
Spiers and Pond (catering company), 198
Spion Kop, battle of (1900), 198, 611
spiritualism, 439, 477, 530
sports and games
and leisure, 409
in schools, 280, 287, 292–3
squirearchy, 585–9
see also aristocracy; rich, the
stagecoaches, 21
Standard, The (newspaper), 461
Stanford, Sir Charles Villiers, 410
Stanhope, Philip Henry, 5th Earl, 280
Stanley of Alderley family, 277
Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn, Dean of Westminster, 273–8, 282, 290, 292–6, 336, 350, 367–8
Historical Memorials of Canterbury Cathedral, 278
The Jewish Church, 295
Stanley, Lady Augusta (née Bruce), 277, 292–3
Stanley, Sir Henry Morton, 488
Stanley, John, 221
Stanley, Lord see Derby, 13th Earl of; Derby, 14th Earl of; Derby, 15th Earl of
Stansfeld, Sir James, 476, 480
state, the
and Church, 70
interference by, 75, 354–5
Maurice on, 149
and socialism, 519
Stead, William Thomas
and Annie Besant, 548
death, 477
and Eliza Armstrong affair (‘Maiden Tribute’), 472, 474–7
and General Gordon, 468–9, 471–2
at Linnell funeral, 510
and ‘New Journalism’, 463–4
and rearmament, 423
and spiritualist manifestations, 477
If Christ Came to Chicago, 476–7
steamships, 15, 493–4
Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames, 220, 398, 500
Stephen, J.K., 602
Stephen, Sir Leslie, 295
Stephens, Revd Joseph Rayner, 46
Stephenson, General Sir Frederick Charles Arthur, 468
Stevenson, Robert Louis: Kidnapped, 478
Stewart, General Sir Herbert, 470
Stewart, J.I.M., 433
Stockmar, Baron Christian, 55, 238, 241
Stopford, Lady Mary, 504
Storks, Sir Henry, 473
Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 256, 258, 260, 268, 330
Strachey, Lytton, 236
Queen Victoria, 471
Strand Magazine, 528
Strangford, George Smythe, 7th Viscount, 65, 67
Strauss, David Friedrich: Das Leben Jesu, 167–9, 349
Strutt, Jedediah, 482
Strzelecki, Sir Paul Edmund de (Count), 82
Suárez, Francisco de, 229
subsistence levels, 429
see also poor, the; poverty
Sudan, 465, 467–72, 607–8
Suez Canal, 388–90, 465
see also Egypt
Suez Canal Company, 389–90, 405
suffrage
Chartism and, 43
extent of, 10, 39, 42–3, 330–2, 385, 447, 479, 573
see also electoral reform; Reform Acts
sugar prices, 51
Sullivan, Sir Arthur, 418–24
‘The Lost Chord’ (song), 418
see also Gilbert and Sullivan operas
Sussex, Augustus Frederick, Duke of, 168, 542
Sutton Coldfield School, 284
Swan and Edgar (London department store), 410
Swan, Sir Joseph, 437, 494
Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 291, 317
Sydenham, 144
Sykes, Sir Tatton, 539
Symonds, John Addington, 290–1, 439
Symons, Arthur, 552–3
syphilis, 308–10
Szathmari, Carol Popp de, 199–200
Tait, Archibald Campbell, Archbishop of Canterbury (earlier Bishop of London), 290, 367–8, 398, 407
Tait, Lucy, 568
Talfourd, Sir Thomas Noon, 306
Taplow Court, Maidenhead, 559
Tasmania, 376
Tatya Tope see Pandenanga, Ramchandra
Taunt, Henry, 437–8
taxation, 125, 194
Taylor, A.J.P., 632
The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 148, 184–5, 346, 395
Taylor, Bernard: Cruelly Murdered - Constance Kent, 268
Taylor, Helen, 313, 444
Taylor, Mrs (Mrs John Stuart Mill), 111
Taylor, Revd W.F., 369
technology: development, 493–5
telegraphy, wireless, 138, 220, 493–4
telephone, 494
‘Telliamed’ see Maillet, Benoît de
Temple, Frederick, Archbishop of Canterbury, 290
Temple, William, 85
Ten Hours Act (Factory Act, 1847), 119, 151, 193
Tennant, Margot (later Countess of Oxford and Asquith), 559
Tenniel, Sir John, 219
, 324, 328, 544
Tennyson, Alfred, 1st Baron on Browning’s obscurity, 90
defends Maurice, 170
on General Gordon, 472
influenced by Chambers’ Vestiges, 95n, 99–100
photographed by Mrs Cameron, 323
racial views, 376
reading voice, 181
and religious crisis, 103–4
supports Governor Eyre, 271–2
‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’, 184
In Memoriam, 99–100
‘Locksley Hall’, 99
‘Locksley Hall Sixty Years After’, 589–90
‘Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington’, 146
Tennyson, Hallam, 170
Thackeray, William Makepeace
applies to succeed Seymour, 18
death, 334
opposes executions, 336–7
racial views, 256
serial publication of works, 19
Book of Snobs, 94
Henry Esmond, 140, 334
Pendennis, 334, 590
The Rose and the Ring, 263, 334
Vanity Fair, 334
Thames, river, 155
theatres: in London, 521–4
Theobald, Morell, 439
Theodoridi, John, 197
Theosophical Society, 440, 549
Theosophy, 549–51
Thompson, E.P., 446
Thompson, Francis, 552
Thompson, Sir Henry, 543–4
Thorne, Will, 513
Tibet, 549
Tillett, Ben, 513, 517–18, 581
Times, The (newspaper)
on American Civil War, 253–4
and anti-Catholicism, 69
on aristocracy, 192
on ‘Bloody Sunday’, 509
campaign on workhouses, 29–30, 33
on Crimean War, 174–5, 180–1, 184, 186–7
on Disraeli’s Falconet, 406
Forster leaks stories to, 462
on George Burgess murder, 265
on Gilbert and Sullivan operas, 418
on Great Exhibition, 136–7, 139
Harmondsworth owns, 590
letter from Ruskin, 164
letter on naval power, 429
and Parnell, 531–2
popularity, 334
as ‘power without responsibility’, 187
praises Layard, 191
pre-eminence, 461
on Prince Albert, 236
and Prussian model, 355
and public executions, 337
on Public School education, 287
on ‘scramble for Africa’, 488–9
and Suez Canal Company, 390
Titanic (ship), 477
tobacco see smoking Tolpuddle martyrs, 28, 35
Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich, Count, 133, 170, 179, 431, 441–2, 444, 446
What Then Must we Do?, 442
Tombs, Major (later General Sir) Henry, 204
Tooth, Rev. Arthur, 369
Topham, Dr William, 106
Tory Party
and Chartism, 46
distrusts Peel, 66, 71, 73
and Jamaica protest, 53
opposes Bradlaugh, 449
opposes socialism, 445–6
opposes Victoria’s marriage, 54
paternalism, 20, 61
and Reform Act, 10
see also Conservative Party