Enlightenment: Britain and the Creation of the Modern World

by Roy Porter

  Michael Hunter, Science and Society in Restoration England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981)

  ———, ‘The Problem of “Atheism” in Early Modern England’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, xxxv (1985), 135–57

  ———, Establishing the New Science: The Experience of the Early Royal Society (Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1989)

  ———, ‘Aikenhead the Atheist: The Context and Consequences of Articulate Irreligion in the Late Seventeenth Century’, in Michael Hunter and David Wootton (eds.), Atheism from the Reformation to the Enlightenment (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992), 221–54

  ——— (ed.), Robert Boyle Reconsidered (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994)

  ———, The Royal Society and Its Fellows 1660–1700: The Morphology of an Early Scientific Institution (Oxford: Alden Press, 1994)

  Richard Hunter and Ida Macalpine, Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry: 1535–1860 (London: Oxford University Press, 1963)

  Christopher Hussey, English Gardens and Landscapes, 1700–1750 (London: Country Life, 1967)

  ———, The Picturesque (London: F. Cass and Co., 1967)

  Francis Hutcheson, Short View of the Pretended Spirit of Prophecy (London: Morphew, 1708)

  ———, An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty, Order, Harmony, Design (London: Darby, 1725; The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1973)

  ———, A Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy, in Three Books, Containing the Elements of Ethicks and the Law of Nature (Glasgow: R. Foulis, 1747)

  ———, A System of Moral Philosophy, 2 vols., ed. by his son (London: R. Foulis, 1755)

  ———, Thoughts on Laughter, and Observations on the Fable of the Bees (Bristol: Thoemmes Reprint, 1989 [1758])

  ——, Short View of the Pretended Spirit of Prophecy (London: Morphew, 1708)

  ———, An Historical Essay concerning Witchcraft. With Observations upon Matters of Fact; Tending to Clear the Texts of the Sacred Scriptures, and Confute the Vulgar Errors about That Point, and Also Two Sermons. One in Proof of the Christian Religion; the Other concerning the Good and Evil Angels (London: R. Knaplock & D. Midwinter, 1718)

  Ross Hutchison, Locke in France (1688–1734) (Oxford: The Voltaire Foundation, 1991) Terence Hutchison, Before Adam Smith: The Emergence of Political Economy, 1662–1776 (Oxford and New York: Blackwell, 1988)

  James Hutton, An Investigation of the Principles of Knowledge, and of the Progress of Reason, from Sense to Science and Philosophy, 3 vols. (Edinburgh: Strahan and T. Cadell, 1794)

  ———, Theory of the Earth, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: Cadell, Davies and Creech, 1795)

  Ronald Hutton, The Restoration: A Political and Religious History of England and Wales, 1658-1667 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985)

  ———, The Rise and Fall of Merry England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994)

  ———, The Stations of the Sun. A History of the Ritual Year in Britain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996)

  William Hutton, An History of Birmingham, 3rd edn (Birmingham: Pearson, 1795) Michael Ignatieff, A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850 (London: Macmillan, 1978)

  ———, ‘John Millar and Individualism’, in Istvan Hont and Michael Ignatieff (eds.), Wealth and Virtue: The Shaping of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 317–44

  R. Iliffe, ‘ “In the Warehouse”: Privacy, Property and Priority in the Early Royal Society’, History of Science, xxx (1992), 29–62

  Mrs Inchbald, Nature and Art (London: Robinson, 1796)

  Robert Inglesfield, ‘Shaftesbury's Influence on Thomson's “Seasons” ’, British Journal for Eighteenth-century Studies, ix (1986), 141–56

  Brian Inglis, Poverty and the Industrial Revolution (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1971)

  Allan Ingram, The Madhouse of Language: Writing and Reading Madness in the Eighteenth Century (London and New York: Routledge, 1991)

  G. Irwin, Samuel Johnson: A Personality in Conflick (Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1971)

  Malcolm Jack, Corruption and Progress: The Eighteenth Century Debate (New York: AMS Press, 1989)

  Mark Jackson, New-Born Child Murder: Women, Illegitimacy and the Courts in Eighteenth-century England (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1996)

  Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution, 1689–1720 (Hassocks: Harvester Press, 1976)

  ———, The Radical Enlightenment: Pantheists, Freemasons and Republicans (London: Allen & Unwin, 1981)

  ———, ‘The Crisis of the European Mind: Hazard Revisted’, in Phyllis Mack and Margaret Jacob (eds.), Politics and Culture in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 251–71

  ———, The Cultural Meaning of the Scientific Revolution (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988)

  ———, Living the Enlightenment: Freemasonry and Politics in Eighteenth-century Europe (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992)

  ———, ‘Reflections on the Ideological Meaning of Western Science from Boyle and Newton to the Postmodernists’, History of Science, xxxiii (1995), 333–57

  ———, Scientific Culture and the Making of the Industrial West (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997)

  David L. Jacobson (ed.), The English Libertarian Heritage: From the Writings of John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon in The Independent Whig and Carto's Letters (Indianapolis, New York, Kansas City: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965).

  David L. Jacobson and Ronald Hamowy (eds.), The English Libertarian Heritage (San Francisco: Fox and Wilkes, 1994)

  Muriel Jaeger, Before Victoria, Changing Standards and Behaviour 1787–1837 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967)

  Patricia James, Population Malthus: His Life and Times (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979)

  Lisa Jardine, Francis Bacon: Discovery and the Art of Discourse (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974)

  Derek Jarrett, The Ingenious Mr Hogarth (London: Joseph, 1976)

  Thomas Jarrold, Dissertations on Man, Philosophical, Physiological and Political; in Answer to Mr Malthus's ‘Essay on the Principle of Population’ (London: Cadell and Davis, 1806)

  ———, Anthropologia, or Dissertations on the Form and Colour in Man (London: Cadell and Davis, 1808)

  Ricky Jay, Learned Pigs and Fireproof Women (New York: Warner Books, 1986)

  Geraint H. Jenkins, The Foundations of Modern Wales: 1642–1780 (Oxford: Clarendon

  Press; Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1987)

  Philip Jenkins, The Making of a Ruling Class: The Glamorganshire Gentry 1640–1790 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983)

  Humphrey Jennings, Pandaemonium 1660–1886: The Coming of the Machine as Seen by Contemporary Observers, Mary-Lou Jennings and Charles Madge (eds.) (London: André Deutsch, 1985)

  Soame Jenyns, Free Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Evil. In Six Letters (London: R. and J. Dodsley, 1757)

  C. B. Jewson, Jacobin City: A Portrait of Norwich in Its Reaction to the French Revolution 1788–1902 (Glasgow: Blackie, 1975)

  Adrian Johns, The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998)

  James William Johnson, The Formation of English Neo-classical Thought (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967)

  Samuel Johnson, An Account of the Life of Richard Savage, 2nd edn (London: Cave, 1748)

  ———, A Dictionary of the English Language (London: Strahan, 1755)

  ———, Life Of Gray. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1915)

  ———, The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets, 4 vols., C. H. Firth (ed.) (Oxford:

  Clarendon Press, 1939 [London: Bathurst, 1781])

  ———, The Rambler, W.J. Bate and Albrecht B. Straus (eds.), 3 vols. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1969 [1750–52])

  Clyve Jones (ed.), Britain in the First Age of Party, 1684–1750 (London: Hamble
don, 1987)

  Edwin Jones, The English Nation: The Great Myth (Stroud: Sutton, 1998)

  Howard Mumford Jones, Revolution and Romanticism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974)

  J. R. Jones (ed.), The Restored Monarchy, 1660-1688 (Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield, 1979)

  ——— (ed.), Liberty Secured? Britain Before and After 1688 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992)

  Jean Jones, James Hutton's Agricultural Research and His Life as a Farmer’, Annals of Science, xlii (1985), 573–601

  M. G. Jones, The Charity School Movement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1938)

  ———, Hannah More (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952)

  Peter Jones, ‘The Scottish Professoriate and the Polite Academy’, in Istvan Hont and Michael Ignatieff (eds.), Wealth and Virtue: The Shaping of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 89–118

  ——— (ed.), Philosophy and Science in the Scottish Enlightenment (Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 1988)

  ——— (ed.), The ‘Science’ of Man in the Scottish Enlightenment: Hume, Reid, and Their Contemporaries (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1989)

  R. F.Jones, Ancients and Moderns: A Study of the Background of the Battle of the Books (St Louis: Washington University Press, 1936)

  Vivien Jones (ed.), Women in the Eighteenth Century: Constructions of Femininity (London: Routledge, 1990)

  Whitney R. D. Jones, David Williams: The Hammer and the Anvil (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1986)

  W. K. Jordan, The Development of Religious Toleration in England, 4 vols. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1932-1940; repr. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1965)

  Ludmilla Jordanova, ‘Natural Facts: A Historical Perspective on Science and Sexuality’, in C. MacCormack and M. Strathern (eds.), Nature, Culture and Gender (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), 42–69

  Ludmilla Jordanova, Nature Depicted (Harlow: Longman, 1999)

  Joseph Juxon, A Sermon upon Witchcraft: Occasion'd by a Late Illegal Attempt to Discover Witches by Swimming. Preached at Twyford in the County of Leicester, July 11, 1736 (London: H. Woodfall, 1736)

  Rana Kabbani, Europe's Myths of Orient (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986)

  Frank A. Kafker (ed.), Notable Encyclopedias of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Nine Predecessors of the Encyclopédie (Oxford: The Voltaire Foundation at The Taylor Institution, 1981)

  W. Kaiser, Praisers Of Folly (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1963)

  Martin Kallich, The Association of Ideas and Critical Theory in Eighteenth-century England: A History of a Psychological Method in English Criticism (The Hague: Mouton, 1970)

  Henry Kamen, The Rise of Toleration (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967)

  Henry Home, Lord Kames, Essays on the Principles of Morality and Natural Religion (Edinburgh: Felming, 1751)

  ———, Elements of Criticism (Edinburgh: Millar, 1762)

  ———, Sketches of the History of Man, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: W. Creech, 1774)

  ———, Historical Law Tracts, 2 vols., 3rd edn (Edinburgh: Miller, Kincaid and Bell, 1776)

  Paul Kaufman, Borrowings from the Bristol Library, 1773–1784: A Unique Record of Reading Vogues (Charlottesville, Va: Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia, 1960)

  John Keane, Tom Paine: A Political Life (London: Bloomsbury, 1995)

  Hugh Kearney, The British Isles: A History of Four Nations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989)

  Patrick J. Kearney, The Private Case: An Annotated Bibliography of the Private Case Erotica Collection in the British (Museum) Library (London: Jay Landesman, 1981)

  ———, A History of Erotic Literature (London: Macmillan, 1982)

  Jonathan Keates, Purcell: A Biography (London: Chatto & Windus, 1995)

  James Keir (ed.), An Account of the Life and Writings of Thomas Day (London: Stockdale, 1791)

  Gary Kelly, The English Jacobin Novel, 1780–1805 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976)

  ———, Revolutionary Feminism: The Mind and Career of Mary Wollstonecraft (New York: St Martin's Press, 1992)

  ——, ‘(Female) Philosophy in the Bedroom: Mary Wollstonecraft and Female Sexuality’, Women's Writing, iv (1997), 143–54

  James Kelly, That Damned Thing Called Honour: Duelling in Ireland 1570–1860 (Cork: Cork University Press, 1995)

  Patrick Hyde Kelly (ed.), Locke On Money, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991)

  T. D. Kendrick, The Lisbon Earthquake (London: Methuen, 1956)

  J. P. Kenyon, Revolution Principles: The Politics of Party 1689–1720 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977)

  John Kenyon, The Popish Plot (London: Heinemann, 1972)

  Charles Kerby-Miller (ed.), Memoirs of the Extraordinary Life, Works, and Discoveries of Martinus Scriblerus (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988 [1742])

  Alvin Kernan, Printing Technology, Letters and Samuel Johnson (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987)

  Michael Ketcham, Transparent Designs: Reading, Performance and Form in the Spectator Papers (Athens, Ga: University of Georgia Press, 1985)

  David Kettler, The Social and Political Thought of Adam Ferguson (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1965)

  Geoffrey Keynes (ed.), The Letters of William Blake (London: Hart Davis, 1956)

  ––– (ed.), Blake: Complete Writings (London: Oxford University Press, 1969)

  V. G. Kiernan, The Lords of Human Kind (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972)

  ———, The Duel in European History: Honour and the Reign of Aristocracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989)

  Desmond King-Hele, Doctor of Revolution: The Life and Genius of Erasmus Darwin (London: Faber & Faber, 1977)

  ——— (ed.), The Ltters of Erasmus Darwin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981)

  ———, Erasmus Darwin and the Romantic Poets (London: Macmillan, 1986)

  ———, Erasmus Darwin: A Life of Unequalled Achievement (London: DLM, 1999)

  Mark Kishlansky, A Monarchy Transformed: Britain 1603–1714 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996)

  Jon Klancher, The Making of English Reading Audiences, 1790–1832 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987)

  Lawrence E. Klein, Shaftesbury and the Culture of Politeness: Moral Discourse and Cultural Politics in Early Eighteenth-century England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994)

  ———, ‘Gender and the Public/Private Distinction in the Eighteenth Century: Some Questions about Evidence and Analytic Procedure’, Eighteenth Century Studies, xxix (1995), 97–110

  F.J. Klingberg, The Anti-Slavery Movement in England: A Study in English Humanitarianism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1926)

  Francis D. Klingender, Art and the Industrial Revolution, A. Elton (ed.) (London: Evelyn, Adams and Mackay, 1968)

  Charlotte Klonk, Science and the Perception of Nature. British Landscape Art in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996)

  Frida Knight, The Strange Case of Thomas Walker: Ten Years in the Life of a Manchester Radical (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1957)

  ———, University Rebel: The Life of William Frend (1756–1841) (London: Victor Gollancz, 1971)

  Richard Payne Knight, The Progress of Civil Society: A Didactic Poem in Six Books (London: W. Bulmer and G. Nicol, 1796)

  William Knight, Lord Monboddo and Some of His Contemporaries (London: John Murray, 1900)

  Kevin C. Knox, ‘Lunatick Visions: Prophecy, Scientific Public and the Signs of the Times in 1790s London’, History of Science, xxxvii (1999), 427–58

  R. A. Knox, Enthusiasm: A Chapter in the History of Religion (London: Clarendon Press, 1950)

  Vicesimus Knox, Liberal Education: or a Practical Treatise on the Methods of Acquiring Useful and Polite Learning, 10th edn (London: Dilly, 1789 [1781])

  Nan
cy F. Koehn, The Power of Commerce: Economy and Governance in the First British Empire (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994)

  A. Kors, D'Holbach's Coterie: An Enlightenment in Paris (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976)

  R. Koselleck, Critique and Crisis: Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society (Oxford: Berg, 1988)