Popular
Page 22
a wide range of diseases: Christine Gorman and Alice Park. “Inflammation Is a Secret Killer: A Surprising Link Between Inflammation and Asthma, Heart Attacks, Cancer, Alzheimer’s and Other Diseases.” Time, February 23, 2004.
when we merely imagine being rejected: George M. Slavich and Michael R. Irwin. “From Stress to Inflammation and Major Depressive Disorder: A Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression.” Psychological Bulletin 140, no. 3 (2014): 774; personal interview with George Slavich, October 11, 2014.
trigger an entire “molecular remodeling”: Personal interview with George Slavich, October 11, 2014.
have no close confidant has tripled: Holt-Lunstad, Smith, and Layton. “Social Relationships and Mortality Risk.” e1000.316.
all networked within a matrix: The Matrix. Directed by Lana and Lilly Wachowski. Los Angeles: Warner Brothers, 1999.
CHAPTER 5. The Popularity Boomerang: How We Create the World We Live In
remarkably similar across the life span: Willard W. Hartup and Nan Stevens. “Friendships and Adaptation in the Life Course.” Psychological Bulletin 121, no. 3 (1997): 355.
benefits enjoyed by Accepted people: Parker and Asher. “Peer Relations and Later Personal Adjustment.” 357; Scott D. Gest, Arturo Sesma Jr., Ann S. Masten, and Auke Tellegen. “Childhood Peer Reputation as a Predictor of Competence and Symptoms 10 Years Later.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 34, no. 4 (2006): 507–24; Xinyin Chen et al. “Sociability and Prosocial Orientation as Predictors of Youth Adjustment: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study in a Chinese Sample.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 2 (2002): 128–36; also see Peter Zettergren, Lars R. Bergman, and Margit Wångby. “Girls’ Stable Peer Status and Their Adulthood Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study from Age 10 to Age 43.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 30, no. 4 (2006): 315–25; Jelena Obradović, Keith B. Burt, and Ann S. Masten. “Testing a Dual Cascade Model Linking Competence and Symptoms over 20 Years from Childhood to Adulthood.” Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 39, no. 1 (2009): 90–102; Michelle M. Englund et al. “Early Roots of Adult Competence: The Significance of Close Relationships from Infancy to Early Adulthood.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 35, no. 6 (2011): 490–96; Ann S. Masten et al. “The Significance of Childhood Competence and Problems for Adult Success in Work: A Developmental Cascade Analysis.” Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 3 (2010): 679–94.
a specific set of traits: Newcomb, Bukowski, and Pattee. “Children’s Peer Relations.” 99.
“brown eyes, blue eyes” demonstration: William Peters. A Class Divided: Then and Now, vol. 14021. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987.
ice-cream sales and the growth: Craig A. Anderson et al. “Temperature and Aggression.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 32 (2000): 63–133.
ten thousand Swedish youth: Almquist and Brännström. “Childhood Peer Status and the Clustering of Social, Economic, and Health-Related Circumstances in Adulthood.” 67–75; Gustafsson et al. “Do Peer Relations in Adolescence Influence Health in Adulthood?” e39385.
over 150 tenth-grade students: Mitchell J. Prinstein and Julie Wargo Aikins. “Cognitive Moderators of the Longitudinal Association Between Peer Rejection and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 32, no. 2 (2004): 147–58.
form emotionally intimate friendships: Jeffrey G. Parker and Steven R. Asher. “Friendship and Friendship Quality in Middle Childhood: Links with Peer Group Acceptance and Feelings of Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction.” Developmental Psychology 29, no. 4 (1993): 611.
participate in monogamous romantic partnerships: W. Furman, B. B. Feiring, and C. Feiring. The Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
behaviors that lead to being disliked: Newcomb, Bukowski, and Pattee. “Children’s Peer Relations.” 99.
This cycle can start as early: Jennifer E. Lansford et al. “Developmental Cascades of Peer Rejection, Social Information Processing Biases, and Aggression During Middle Childhood.” Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 3 (2010): 593–602.
Social mimicry has subtle yet pervasive: Jessica L. Lakin, Valerie E. Jefferis, Clara Michelle Cheng, and Tanya L. Chartrand. “The Chameleon Effect as Social Glue: Evidence for the Evolutionary Significance of Nonconscious Mimicry.” Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 27, no. 3 (2003): 145–62; Roland Neumann and Fritz Strack. “‘Mood Contagion’: The Automatic Transfer of Mood Between Persons.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79, no. 2 (2000): 211; John A. Bargh and Tanya L. Chartrand. “The Unbearable Automaticity of Being.” American Psychologist 54, no. 7 (1999): 462.
overlap in the parts: Harald G. Wallbott. “Congruence, Contagion, and Motor Mimicry: Mutualities in Nonverbal Exchange.” In Mutualities in Dialogue. Eds. I. Markova, C. F. Graumann, and K. Foppa. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995, 82–98.
walked more slowly afterward: John A. Bargh, Mark Chen, and Lara Burrows. “Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Activation on Action.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71, no. 2 (1996): 230.
speed-dating event in Belgium: Madeline L. Pe, Ian H. Gotlib, Wim Van Den Noortgate, and Peter Kuppens. “Revisiting Depression Contagion as a Mediator of the Relation Between Depression and Rejection: A Speed-Dating Study.” Clinical Psychological Science 4, no. 4 (2015): 675–82.
pattern as “excessive reassurance-seeking”: Thomas E. Joiner and Gerald I. Metalsky. “Excessive Reassurance Seeking: Delineating a Risk Factor Involved in the Development of Depressive Symptoms.” Psychological Science 12, no. 5 (2001): 371–78; James C. Coyne. “Toward an Interactional Description of Depression.” Psychiatry 39, no. 1 (1976): 28–40.
negative transactions, starting in adolescence: Prinstein et al. “Adolescent Girls’ Interpersonal Vulnerability to Depressive Symptoms.” 676.
CHAPTER 6. Our High School Legacy: How We Can Conquer the Prom Queen Today
Was height related to how much: Nicola Persico, Andrew Postlewaite, and Dan Silverman. The Effect of Adolescent Experience on Labor Market Outcomes: The Case of Height. No. w10522, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.
our brains were built: Emerging evidence on the importance of autobiographical memory on present and future cognition comes from Donna Rose Addis et al. “Constructive Episodic Simulation of the Future and the Past: Distinct Subsystems of a Core Brain Network Mediate Imagining and Remembering.” Neuropsychologia 47, no. 11 (2009): 2222–38; R. Nathan Spreng and Cheryl L. Grady. “Patterns of Brain Activity Supporting Autobiographical Memory, Prospection, and Theory of Mind, and Their Relationship to the Default Mode Network.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 6 (2010): 1112–23; Mathieu Roy, Daphna Shohamy, and Tor D. Wager. “Ventromedial Prefrontal-Subcortical Systems and the Generation of Affective Meaning.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16, no. 3 (2012): 147–56.
our brains develop more dramatically: Sarah-Jayne Blakemore and Suparna Choudhury. “Development of the Adolescent Brain: Implications for Executive Function and Social Cognition.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47, no. 3–4 (2006): 296–312; Joan Stiles and Terry L. Jernigan. “The Basics of Brain Development.” Neuropsychology Review 20, no. 4 (2010): 327–48; Rhoshel K. Lenroot and Jay N. Giedd. “Brain Development in Children and Adolescents: Insights from Anatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 30, no. 6 (2006): 718–29.
more than was ever realized: Lindquist et al. “The Brain Basis of Emotion.” 121–43; Lindquist and Barrett. “A Functional Architecture of the Human Brain.” 533–40.
steps of “social information processing”: Nicki R. Crick and Kenneth A. Dodge. “A Review and Reformulation of Social Information-Processing Mechanisms in Children’s Social Adjustment.” Psychological Bulletin 115, no. 1
(1994): 74; Elizabeth A. Lemerise and William F. Arsenio. “An Integrated Model of Emotion Processes and Cognition in Social Information Processing.” Child Development 71, no. 1 (2000): 107–18.
calling itself a “health studio”: Sally E. Bahner. “Marlow’s Prostitution Update: Investigation Ongoing; More Arrests Expected,” Branford Eagle (CT), January 20, 2010.
British psychologists conducted a study: Munirah Bangee et al. “Loneliness and Attention to Social Threat in Young Adults: Findings from an Eye Tracker Study.” Personality and Individual Differences 63 (2014): 16–23.
“We do not see things”: Anaïs Nin. Seduction of the Minotaur. Chicago: Swallow Press, 1972, 124; Babylonian Talmud: Tractate Berakoth, Folio 55b. Translated into English by Maurice Simon, under the editorship of Rabbi Dr. Isidore Epstein, accessed March 8, 2014, halakhah.com.
screening out all the positive: Kenneth A. Dodge, Roberta R. Murphy, and Kathy Buchsbaum. “The Assessment of Intention-Cue Detection Skills in Children: Implications for Developmental Psychopathology.” Child Development 55, no. 1 (1984): 163–73; Kenneth A. Dodge and Angela M. Tomlin. “Utilization of Self-Schemas as a Mechanism of Interpretational Bias in Aggressive Children.” Social Cognition 5, no. 3 (1987): 280; Karen R. Gouze. “Attention and Social Problem Solving as Correlates of Aggression in Preschool Males.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 15, no. 2 (1987): 181–97.
referred to as “depressive realism”: Michael T. Moore and David M. Fresco. “Depressive Realism: A Meta-analytic Review.” Clinical Psychology Review 32, no. 6 (2012): 496–509.
better at identifying others’ feelings: Adam D. Galinsky, Joe C. Magee, M. Ena Inesi, and Deborah H. Gruenfeld. “Power and Perspectives Not Taken.” Psychological Science 17, no. 12 (2006): 1068–74; Michael W. Kraus, Stéphane Côté, and Dacher Keltner. “Social Class, Contextualism, and Empathic Accuracy.” Psychological Science 21, no. 11 (2010): 1716–23; Keely A. Muscatell et al. “Social Status Modulates Neural Activity in the Mentalizing Network.” Neuroimage 60, no. 3 (2012): 1771–77.
a box, while three colored circles: Adapted from: Fritz Heider and Marianne Simmel. “An Experimental Study of Apparent Behavior.” American Journal of Psychology 57, no. 2 (1944): 243–59.
“rejection sensitivity” bias: Geraldine Downey and Scott I. Feldman. “Implications of Rejection Sensitivity for Intimate Relationships.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70, no. 6 (1996): 1327.
a host of related negative outcomes: Rachel M. Calogero, Lora E. Park, Zara K. Rahemtulla, and Katherine C. D. Williams. “Predicting Excessive Body Image Concerns Among British University Students: The Unique Role of Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity.” Body Image 7, no. 1 (2010): 78–81; Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, and Eric Laurent. “Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity Predicts Burnout: A Prospective Study.” Personality and Individual Differences 75 (2015): 216–19; Teresa J. Marin and Gregory E. Miller. “The Interpersonally Sensitive Disposition and Health: An Integrative Review.” Psychological Bulletin 139, no. 5 (2013): 941; Mattie Tops et al. “Rejection Sensitivity Relates to Hypocortisolism and Depressed Mood State in Young Women.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 33, no. 5 (2008): 551–59; Katherine A. Pearson, Edward R. Watkins, and Eugene G. Mullan. “Rejection Sensitivity Prospectively Predicts Increased Rumination.” Behaviour Research and Therapy 49, no. 10 (2011): 597–605; Ozlem Ayduk, Geraldine Downey, and Minji Kim. “Rejection Sensitivity and Depressive Symptoms in Women.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27, no. 7 (2001): 868–77.
neural responses to social evaluation: Katherine E. Powers, Leah H. Somerville, William M. Kelley, and Todd F. Heatherton. “Rejection Sensitivity Polarizes Striatal-Medial Prefrontal Activity When Anticipating Social Feedback.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 11 (2013): 1887–95.
A person with a hostile attribution bias: William Nasby, Brian Hayden, and Bella M. DePaulo. “Attributional Bias Among Aggressive Boys to Interpret Unambiguous Social Stimuli as Displays of Hostility.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 89, no. 3 (1980): 459; Kenneth A. Dodge. “Social Cognition and Children’s Aggressive Behavior.” Child Development 51, no. 1 (1980): 162–70; Esther Feldman and Kenneth A. Dodge. “Social Information Processing and Sociometric Status: Sex, Age, and Situational Effects.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 15, no. 2 (1987): 211–27.
some children never outgrow this bias: Nicole E. Werner. “Do Hostile Attribution Biases in Children and Parents Predict Relationally Aggressive Behavior?” Journal of Genetic Psychology 173, no. 3 (2012): 221–45; Zhiqing E. Zhou, Yu Yan, Xin Xuan Che, and Laurenz L. Meier. “Effect of Workplace Incivility on End-of-Work Negative Affect: Examining Individual and Organizational Moderators in a Daily Diary Study.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 20, no. 1 (2015): 117; Christopher I. Eckhardt, Krista A. Barbour, and Gerald C. Davison. “Articulated Thoughts of Maritally Violent and Nonviolent Men During Anger Arousal.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 66, no. 2 (1998): 259.
These “response biases”: Elizabeth A Lemerise et al. “Do Provocateurs’ Emotion Displays Influence Children’s Social Goals and Problem Solving?” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 34, no. 4 (2006): 555–67; David A. Nelson and Nicki R. Crick. “Rose-Colored Glasses: Examining the Social Information-Processing of Prosocial Young Adolescents.” Journal of Early Adolescence 19, no. 1 (1999): 17–38.
very emotional or are intoxicated: Richard L. Ogle and William R. Miller. “The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication and Gender on the Social Information Processing of Hostile Provocations Involving Male and Female Provocateurs.” Journal of Studies on Alcohol 65, no. 1 (2004): 54–62; David Schultz, Angela Grodack, and Carroll E. Izard. “State and Trait Anger, Fear, and Social Information Processing.” International Handbook of Anger. New York: Springer, 2010, 311–25.
CHAPTER 7. Clicks and Cliques: What’s Not to “Like”?
It was this conversation: Alan Farnham. “Hot or Not’s Co-Founders: Where Are They Now?” ABC News, June 2, 2014.
four years earlier that Google had: “Our History in Depth,” accessed July 8, 2016, https://www.google.com/about/company/history/.
Zuckerberg’s own Harvard-based Facemash: Katharine A. Kaplan. “Facemash Creator Survives Ad Board.” Harvard Crimson, November 19, 2003.
social media may have the same: Lauren E. Sherman et al. “The Power of the Like in Adolescence: Effects of Peer Influence on Neural and Behavioral Responses to Social Media.” Psychological Science 27 no. 7 (2016): 1027–35.
the Pew Research Center: Amanda Lenhart. “Teen, Social Media and Technology Overview 2015.” Pew Research Center, April 2015; Andrew Perrin. “Social Networking Usage: 2005–2015.” Pew Research Center, October 2015, retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/10/08/2015/Social-Networking-Usage-2005-2015.
literature as “Facebook depression”: Lauren A. Jelenchick, Jens C. Eickhoff, and Megan A. Moreno. “‘Facebook Depression?’ Social Networking Site Use and Depression in Older Adolescents.” Journal of Adolescent Health 52, no. 1 (2013): 128–30.
Excessive use of the internet: American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). American Psychiatric Pub., 2013; Jerald J. Block. “Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction.” American Journal of Psychiatry 165, no. 3 (2008): 306–7.
resolve arguments or express relationship needs: Jacqueline Nesi, Laura Widman, Sophia Choukas-Bradley, and Mitchell J. Prinstein. “Technology-Based Communication and the Development of Interpersonal Competencies Within Adolescent Romantic Relationships: A Preliminary Investigation.” Journal of Research on Adolescence (2016), accessed December 14, 2016, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jora.12274/abstract.
NPR’s This American Life: Ira Glass. “573: Status Update.” This American Life, November 27, 2015.
“social comparison” and “feedback-seeking”: Jacqueline Nesi and Mitchell J. Prinstein. “Using Social
Media for Social Comparison and Feedback-Seeking: Gender and Popularity Moderate Associations with Depressive Symptoms.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 43, no. 8 (2015): 1427–38.
It began with an article: “5SOS: How We Bounced Back from Unpopularity.” Tiger Beat magazine, May 2015; “How to Be Social Media Famous!” Tiger Beat magazine, May 2015.
“Blow Up Your Feed”: Julia Kramer. “Blow Up Your Feed: The 10 Commandments of Taking Instagram Food Pics.” Bon Appétit, March 2016.
use “known hashtags”: Jason DeMers. “50 Free Ways to Increase Your Instagram Followers.” Forbes, June 18, 2015.
the “selfie stick” market: Global Selfie Stick Consumption 2016 Market Research Report, accessed July 9, 2016, http://www.einnews.com/pr_news/336345654/selfie-stick-consumption-industry-2016-market-analysis-and-forecast-to-2022.
Russian government has released guidelines: Payal Uttam. “Death by Selfie? Russian Police Release Brochure After Spate of Fatal Accidents.” CNN, July 8, 2015, accessed July 9, 2016, https://mvd.ru/upload/site1/folder_page/006/158/477/Selfie2015.pdf.
Cover Girl cosmetics: Courtney Rubin. “Makeup for the Selfie Generation.” New York Times, September 22, 2015.
reduced their prefrontal cortex activity: Sherman et al. “The Power of the Like in Adolescence.” 1027–35.
CHAPTER 8. Parenting for Popularity: Can Mom and Dad Make a Difference, and Should They?
“My Favorite Things”: The Sound of Music. Directed by Robert Wise. Los Angeles: Twentieth Century Fox, 1965.
mothers’ recollections of their own childhood: Martha Putallaz, Philip R. Costanzo, and Rebecca B. Smith. “Maternal Recollections of Childhood Peer Relationships: Implications for Their Children’s Social Competence.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 8, no. 3 (1991): 403–22; Mitchell J. Prinstein and Annette M. La Greca. “Links Between Mothers’ and Children’s Social Competence and Associations with Maternal Adjustment.” Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 28, no. 2 (1999): 197–210.