Ireland
Page 31
Catholic Association 42–4, 45, 46, 207
Catholic Board 42
Catholic Church
and clergy 29, 35, 43–4, 46, 54–5, 83, 86, 89, 90, 176
under Cromwell 25
and ‘devotional revolution’ 55, 72, 176
and ecclesiastical titles 81
and Fenianism 83, 89–90, 115
and folk religion 55, 89
and Home Rule movement 96, 99
interpretations 160
and Irish Parliamentary Party 116–17
and organization 54–5
and Reformation 21–2
reforms 89
scandals 176, 189, 199–200, 203
and Young Ireland 89
see also church and state
Catholic Committee 29, 32, 41, 42
Catholic Defence Association 81
Catholic Emancipation 33, 40–2, 137
and 1829 Act 45, 7
and O’Connell 41–2, 55–6
Catholic Relief Acts (1774–93) 30
‘Catholic Rent’ 43, 44, 46, 47
Catholics
and belief and practice 166, 176
and franchise 43, 45, 103, 143
and Irish parliament 24, 28–30
and landownership 22, 23, 25, 28, 29, 41, 80
and nationalism 4–5, 45, 139
in Northern Ireland 112, 142, 143, 152–3, 166
and tithes 27, 29, 42
and union of Britain and Ireland 32, 80
see also Penal Laws
Cavendish, Lord Frederick 88
Celts 8, 12, 17, 18, 19, 54
censorship, in Republic of Ireland 146, 159, 166
Chamberlain, Joseph 100, 107
Chamberlain, Neville 147
Charles I of England and Ireland 24, 25
Charles II of England and Ireland 26
Chichester-Clark, James 167, 168
child abuse 199–200, 203
Christianity, early 9, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19
Church of Ireland
conversions to 29
definition 5
disestablishment 56, 84, 95
and Evangelicalism 55
and Famine relief 65
and payment of tithes 29, 42, 46
and Reformation 21–2
church and state
and Éire 146–7
and Free State 139, 160
and Northern Irish perceptions 152, 180
and Republic of Ireland 154, 160, 166, 175–8, 182
Churchill, Lord Randolph 103
Churchill, Winston 148
civil rights movement, Northern Ireland 143, 166–9, 184
civil war, Irish 129, 139, 140, 157
Clan na Gael 98
Clare, Richard FitzGilbert de (‘Strongbow’) 13
Clarendon, G.W.F. Villiers, 4th earl 67
Clarke, Thomas 118
Cleary, Father Michael 199
climate, and agriculture 59
Clinton, Bill 190, 192
Clontarf, battle (1014) 11, 48
Cloyne Report (2011) 200
Coercion Acts 88
Collins, Michael 124, 125, 126, 139
Comerford, R.V. 91
Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (CICA) 199
Congested Districts Board 109
Connolly, James 74, 90, 118, 183
Citizen Army 121, 122
and Easter Rising 123, 128
and interpretations of Easter Rising 130
Connradh na Gaeilge see Gaelic League
Conservative Party
and Famine of 1845–52 61–2
and Home Rule 96, 97, 99–100, 103–4, 105, 116, 119, 131
and Northern Ireland ‘Troubles’ 173–5, 177–8
and Repeal movement 47–8
and unionism 132, 180
contraception, in Republic of Ireland 165, 176, 207
Convention Act (1793) 32
Cooke, A.B. 106, 107
Cooke, Henry 49
Corkery, Daniel 35, 37
corn laws, repeal (1846) 62
Cornwallis, Charles, 1st marquis 33
Corrigan, Mairead 170
corruption 203–4
Cosgrave, Liam 163
Cosgrave, William 139–40, 141
Costello, John 149, 153, 154
Council of Ireland 170
‘Council of the Isles’ 190, 191
Cowen, Brian 202
Craig, Sir James (later Lord Craigavon) 119, 135, 142, 143, 150
Crawford, F.H. 135
Crawford, W.H. 38
Croke, Thomas William, archbishop of Cashel 115
Cromwell, Oliver 25
Cromwellian Settlement 25, 26
Cuchulainn (legendary warrior) 113
Cullen, L.M. 37, 38
Cullen, Cardinal Paul 72, 84, 89
culture, Irish 3, 8, 12, 15, 17, 19, 29, 35, 96, 112–15, 137, 146, 160, 187
Cumann na nGaedheal 118, 138, 139–40, 141, 145
interpretations 157–8
see also Fine Gael
Curtis, Edmund 19–20
Cusack, Michael 115
Dáil Éireann
and Anglo-Irish Treaty 124–6, 138, 147
and church abuses 200
and constitution 147, 165
and dominion status 125, 146, 151
establishment 123–4
and Fianna Fáil 141, 144, 203
and Good Friday Agreement 192
and Sinn Féin 140–1
Daly, Mary 159
Dangerfield, George 105
Davin, Maurice 115
Davis, Thomas 49–50, 56
Davitt, Michael 78
arrest and imprisonment 85, 88
and Gaelic Athletic Association 115
and Home Rule movement 107
and landownership 86, 92
De Valera, Eamon
and Anglo-Irish Treaty 126
and dominion status for Ireland 124, 125
and Easter Rising 123, 127
and Fianna Fáil 141, 142, 144, 154, 155
and IRA 140, 145
and new constitution 145–7, 148
and Northern Ireland 145
and Second World War 147, 148, 151
and Sinn Féin 123, 138–9, 140
and social policies 146, 149
deaths
on emigration ships 66
in First World War 136
in Northern Ireland Troubles 150, 169, 187–8
as result of Famine 58, 63–4, 65, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72–4, 78–9, 89
Declaratory Act (1720) 30
Defenders 32
Democratic Unionist Party 192, 195, 197
Derry, siege (1689) 27, 136
Desmond, Thomas Fitzgerald, 8th earl 16
Devlin, Bernadette 167
Devoy, John 85, 90
Diamond, battle of the (1795) 32
Dicey, A.V. 104
Dickson, David 38
Dillon, John 116–17, 187
Dillon, John Blake 49
Dillon, Myles 17
discrimination, in Northern Ireland 152–3, 160, 166, 167, 185, 199, 208
disease, and Famine 58, 62, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 75
Disraeli, Benjamin, and Home
Rule movement 97
divorce, in Republic of Ireland 146, 166, 175–6, 180, 207
Donnelly, J.S. 38
Downing Street Declaration 167, 168
Downpatrick, battle (1260) 14
Drumcree Orange parade 190, 192
Dublin
and decentralization 201
and Easter Rising 123, 124
founding 10
rebuilding 156
and scandal 199–200
Duffy, Charles Gavan
and Famine 72–3
and tenant right 80, 82
and Young Ireland 49–51, 56
Duffy, Seán 20
Dunphy, Richard 158
Easter Rising 123, 124, 138, 139, 149, 153, 183, 210
interpretations 127–31
economy
and British control 25, 35, 37–8, 116
collapse of 189, 199, 201–3
of Éire/Republic of Ireland 149, 153–7, 159, 162–6, 177–8
and Europe 200–1
and Famine 68, 75, 78
of Free State 129, 138, 140, 142, 145, 149, 159
and geography 7
and Home Rule 106
of Northern Ireland 138, 139, 144, 149–51, 171–2, 182, 198
and Penal Laws 28–30
and protectionism 117, 138, 141, 149, 163
reforms 62
rural 41, 52–4, 59–60, 69–70, 79–80, 84–5
urban 52–3, 60
education 10, 111, 113, 114, 128, 133, 136
and abuse 199
in Éire/Republic of Ireland 146–7, 156, 159, 165
in Irish Free State 140
in Northern Ireland 151–2
Edward IV of England 16
Edward VI of England 16, 22
Edward VIII of Britain 144, 145
Edwards, Ruth Dudley 73, 129
Egan, Patrick 97
Éire
constitution 145–7, 149, 175–6
and claim to Northern Ireland 135, 145, 165, 181, 183, 193,
definition 4
and dominion status 147, 149
Inter-Party Government 148–9, 155
and Irish Free State 145
as republic 149
and Second World War 147, 148, 150
see also church and state; Irish Free State; Republic of Ireland
Elizabeth I of England 22, 23
Elizabeth II of Britain 153
Emancipation see Catholic
Emancipation
emigration
under Cromwell 25
nineteenth-century 53, 89, 93, 109, 110–11
post-Famine 86
as result of Famine 58, 59, 64, 66, 69–72, 79, 89
twentieth-century 151, 155, 156, 162, 165, 204
Emmet, Robert 35
employment, in agriculture 51, 68
Engels, Frederick 183
Enniskillen bombing 173
Ensor, R.C.K. 105
Episcopalians see Church of Ireland
Euro, the 200, 202
European Central Bank 202
European Community, and Republic of Ireland 156, 163, 164, 174, 177
European Monetary System 162, 164
European Union 199, 203, 204
and economy 200, 201, 202
Evangelicalism, impact 55
evictions
and Famine of 1845–52 67, 70, 72, 77
and Land League 76–7, 86–7, 91–3, 94, 101
and politics 86
External Relations Act (1936) 145, 147, 149
family
in early society 8
in Éire 146, 154
famine of 1741 29
Famine of 1845–52 41, 48, 58–92
and ‘devotional revolution’ 55, 72
and disease 66, 68
effects 70–2, 78–9, 96
and memory 76–7
see also deaths; emigration; population
interpretations 56, 57, 59–60, 72–7
in popular folklore 64, 65, 72–3, 76
and potato blight 61–3
preconditions 59–60
relief measures 48, 64–5, 68–71, 75
and soup kitchens 64–5
farmers see tenant farmers
Farrell, Michael 183–4
Faulkner, Brian 168–70
federalism 96
Fenianism 82–4
and Gaelic Athletic Association 115
and Home Rule movement 84, 96–8
independence demands 71, 82–3, 93
interpretations 88–9, 93–4
and New Departure 85–6
and sports 83, 91
Fianna Fáil
and Anglo-Irish Treaty 141, 157
in coalition governments 177, 201, 203
and de Valera 141, 144, 149, 155
and Easter Rising 130
and economy 163–6, 201–2, 203
and European Community 163
interpretations 157–61
and labour movement 141
and New Ireland Forum 172–3
Field Day Theatre Company 130
financial crisis 199, 202
fine (extended family) 8
Fine Gael
establishment 145
in government 148, 154, 158, 163–5, 177, 203–4
and New Ireland Forum 172
First World War
and Easter Rising 124, 129
and nationalist opposition 120
and nationalist support for Britain 120, 136
and unionist support for Britain 120
FitzGerald, Garrett 164–5, 173, 175, 176, 180
Fitzgerald, Thomas (son of 9th earl of Kildare) 21
Fitzgerald, Vesey 44–5
Fitzpatrick, David 134
‘flight of the earls’ 23
Forster, W.E. 87–8
Foster, Roy xi, 57, 106
Frame, Robin 20
France
and England 15, 22, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30
and support for Ireland 31, 33, 82, 205
franchise
and Catholics 43, 45, 103, 143
and multiple vote system 143, 167
free market policies 201
Free State see Irish Free State
French Revolution, effects 31
Froude, J.A. 36
Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) 115, 118, 205
Gaelic League 19, 114–15, 118, 209
Gallagher, Frank 131, 179–80
Gárda Siochána 140, 199, 200
Garvin, Tom 130, 133
genocide, accusations 73, 75, 76
geography 6–7
George III of Britain and Ireland 31, 38
George IV of Britain and Ireland, as regent 31
George V of Great Britain 119–20, 142
Germany
and Irish nationalism 121–2
see also First World War; Second World War
Gibbon, Peter 132, 136, 160, 184
Gibraltar, killing of IRA members 173
Ginkel, Godert de, 1st earl of Athlone 27
Gladstone, William Ewart
and disestablishment of Church of Ireland 84
and Home Rule 95, 99–101, 102, 103–7, 116, 186
and land reform 84, 87–8, 98
and unionism 132
Good Friday Agreement 189–92, 195
and arms decommissioning 190, 192
and referendum 192, 206
government, local 41, 109, 116–17, 165, 168
Grattan, Henry 30, 31–2, 36, 37, 133, 209
Gray, Peter 75
graziers 110
Gregory, Lady Augusta 113
Griffith, Arthur
and Famine 73
as head of the Dáil 138, 139
and Home Rule 125–6
and Sinn Féin 117–18
gun-running, unionist 119, 135
Hamer, David 106, 107
Hammond, J.L. 105
Hartington, Spencer Compton, 8th duke 100
Haughey, Charles 163, 164–5, 171
Healy, Tim 116, 117
Heath, Edward 169
Henry II of England 13
Henry IV of England 15
Henry VI of England 15
Henry VII of England 16–17
Henry VIII of England 17, 21, 22
Hepburn, A.C. & Rumpf, E. 134
Heslinga, M.W. 181
history
and early Ireland 18–20
and Famine 76
and interpretation 1–4, 35–9, 183, 210
and nationalism 2, 35–6, 45–6, 56, 140, 145–6
popular views 3–4, 45, 64, 134
prehistory 7–8
schools see counter-revisionism; revisionism; traditionalism
Hobson, Bulmer 118
Home Government Association 96
Home Rule 36, 95–108, 205–6
and Easter Rising 123, 136
and Fenianism 83–4, 95, 96–8
and land reform 81, 86–7
liberal interpretations 105–6
and militant nationalism 83–4
nationalist interpretations 106–7, 130–1
and New Departure 85–6
opposition to 103–4, 105–6, 119
revisionist interpretations 107–8
for Ulster 123
unionist interpretations 104–5
see also Butt, Isaac
Home Rule bill
1886 99–100, 102, 103
1893 102, 103, 105, 114
1912 119, 127
Home Rule Confederation 96, 98
Home Rule League 96, 98
Hoppen, K. Theodore xi, 133
Hume, John 167, 168, 174, 192, 193
hunger strikes 171
Hurst, Michael 106, 107
Hyde, Douglas 113, 114
identity 29
and history 1, 134, 183
and nationalism 49, 57, 96, 112–20, 140
regional 134, 206–7
ideology, and history 1, 157
immigration 204
inclusivism, and history 3
independence
18th-century demands for 31, 34–5
Fenian demands for 72, 83, 88–9, 93
and Young Ireland 49
Independent Commission on Decommissioning 191
Independent Irish Party 95
Independent Opposition Party 81
Industrial Development Authority 153, 162
industrialization
Belfast 53–4, 80, 112, 138, 150–3
Dublin 53–4
England 51, 60
industry
competition from Britain 41–2, 60, 112
and effects of Famine 64
in Éire/Republic of Ireland 148, 149, 153, 155–6, 159, 163
in Free State 138
in Northern Ireland 144, 149–51, 171
in Ulster 28, 49, 53, 54, 80, 136
see also linen industry; shipbuilding
Inglis, Tom 159–60
inheritance, and land ownership 88, 111
Insurance Company of Ireland (ICI) 201–2
internment without trial 152, 169, 170
IRA see Irish Republican Army
Ireland
ancient and early medieval 17–19
definition 4
medieval 19–20
as nation or colony 35
see also Anglo-Irish War; civil war; partition
Ireland Act (1949) 149
‘Irish Enlightenment’ 157
Irish Folklore Commission 76
Irish Free State 138–42
and civil war 115, 139, 182
and constitution 145–7
and culture 113–14
and dominion status 125–6, 140, 145
and effects of Easter Rising 127–9
establishment 106, 128, 138, 140
interpretations 157–61
and interpretations of partition 206
and self-sufficiency 129, 138, 141, 149
and social policies 142
see also agriculture; church and state; economy; Éire; Irish Republic; republic of Ireland